Anti-aircraft Missiles Research Articles

Europe’s Existential Threats

Europe’s Existential Threats

On the ballistic response of an aerospace-grade composite panel to non-spheroidised fragment simulants

The low mass and high specific strength of composite systems has led to their widespread adoption in aerospace applications. Consequently their performance under impact from off-normal events, or even deliberate insult, for example from a munition such as an anti-aircraft missile, is of paramount importance. Experimental and computational work to-date has typically focused on the response of composite systems to impact from projectiles with simple spherical or cylindrical geometries. However, such geometries are not representative of the full range of likely threats. In addition, even within this simple set of constraints the effects of projectile geometry on composite response under impact have been highlighted. Here an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of more complex geometric structures – comprising two-dimensional flat and peaked-nosed structures – on composite systems. A series of ballistic tests were carried out accelerating various geometric ‘fragment simulants’ into an aerospace-grade composite material. Damage was monitored in real time using high-speed cameras. Resultant calculations of projectile energy loss in the target, combined with analysis of recovered material via ultrasonic c-scan, have shown a clear relationship between projectile geometry and CFRP failure mode.

Fast terminal sliding mode control based on extended state observer for swing nozzle of anti-aircraft missile

This paper concerns with achieving fast and accurate control in swing nozzle of anti-aircraft missile with nonlinear system. Firstly, swing nozzle servo institutions and their load torque has been modeled; secondly, a fast terminal sliding mode control based on extended state observer has been proposed to reduce the influence of large disturbance and system uncertainty; finally, the controller designed has been studied and the stability of the control algorithm has been proved. The computer simulation results show that on the condition of large disturbance and system uncertainty, the fast terminal sliding mode control with extended state observer has high control accuracy and fast performance for swing nozzle servo system, and can effectively reduce the chattering. The results are in agreement with experimental data, which verifies the validity of the algorithm.

Antiaircraft Missile for the Group Target Shooting Performance Model and Simulation Analysis

Through selecting antiaircraft missile firing on group performance indicators and target shooting performance analysis modeling, digital simulation algorithm for the simulation model with examples, drawn Shots with different parameters of various simulation results, and the conduct of the analysis. This performance assessment and equipment antiaircraft missile system construction is important。

Research of a fuzzy global sliding mode control scheme: A stability control scheme for anti-aircraft missile with swing nozzle thrust vector control

In order to suppress the high-frequency chattering at control input in the premise of keeping robust against system uncertainties, a novel fuzzy global sliding mode controller (FGSMC) is proposed. A nonlinear switching function is designed in order that system trajectory can be set on sliding mode surface at initial time. A fuzzy decision maker, which can adaptively obtain the gain of signum term according to novel fuzzy logic, is proposed and introduced to guarantee the comprehensive properties with respect to the reachability of sliding mode and the smoothness of control input. Moreover, it possesses simple fuzzy inference rules and is easy to be realized in application. The FGSMC is employed to construct the stability control scheme for anti-aircraft missile with swing nozzle thrust vector control. Simulation results on researched anti-aircraft missile present that, in the existence of sustained disturbances, the proposed FGSMC scheme not only possesses better convergent performance, but also suppresses high-frequency chattering to a large extent, compared with conventional sliding mode control scheme.

Modeling and Simulation of Engagement Process of Antiaircraft Missile for Training Simulation

Aiming at requirements to depict engagement process of the hardware in loop simulation system of antiaircraft missile based on industrial computers for operational training simulation, the paper establishes the guidance and trajectory mathematical models for the process of antiaircraft missile attacking target. According to the result of missile velocity simulation by means of a trajectory simulation system of six degrees of freedom of an antiaircraft missile, a realistic mathematical model of the missile velocity parameter is established; a realistic mathematical model of a missile single shot kill probability (SSKP) is established with relative kill area data of a missile. The simulation model of the missile engagement process is implemented with VC++, which could be used to really simulate a whole engagement process of a missile flying and destroying a target. The experiments indicate the model is correct, the result is credible, the method is effective, and the thought solving the mentioned problem is very helpful for improving operational ability of personnel with similar training simulation system.

Generalized Bomber and Fighter Problems: Offline Optimal Allocation of a Discrete Asset

The classical bomber problem concerns properties of the optimal allocation policy of a given number, n, of anti-aircraft missiles, with which an airplane is equipped. The airplane begins at a distance t >0 from its destination and uses some of the anti-aircraft missiles when intercepted by enemy planes that appear according to a homogeneous Poisson process. The goal is to maximize the probability of reaching its destination. The fighter problem deals with a similar situation, but the goal is to shoot down as many enemy planes as possible. The optimal allocation policies are dynamic, depending upon both the number of missiles and the time which remains to reach the destination when the enemy is met. The present paper generalizes these problems by allowing the number of enemy planes to have any distribution, not just Poisson. This implies that the optimal strategies can no longer be dynamic, and are, in our terminology, offline. We show that properties similar to those holding for the classical problems hold also in the present case. Whether certain properties hold that remain open questions in the dynamic version are resolved in the offline version. Since ‘time’ is no longer a meaningful way to parametrize the distributions for the number of encounters, other more general orderings of distributions are needed. Numerical comparisons between the dynamic and offline approaches are given.

Fire Transfer Opportunity Decision Study for Anti-Aircraft Missile System

Fire Transfer Opportunity Decision Study for Anti-Aircraft Missile System

Generalized Bomber and Fighter Problems: Offline Optimal Allocation of a Discrete Asset

The classical bomber problem concerns properties of the optimal allocation policy of a given number, n, of anti-aircraft missiles, with which an airplane is equipped. The airplane begins at a distance t >0 from its destination and uses some of the anti-aircraft missiles when intercepted by enemy planes that appear according to a homogeneous Poisson process. The goal is to maximize the probability of reaching its destination. The fighter problem deals with a similar situation, but the goal is to shoot down as many enemy planes as possible. The optimal allocation policies are dynamic, depending upon both the number of missiles and the time which remains to reach the destination when the enemy is met. The present paper generalizes these problems by allowing the number of enemy planes to have any distribution, not just Poisson. This implies that the optimal strategies can no longer be dynamic, and are, in our terminology, offline. We show that properties similar to those holding for the classical problems hold also in the present case. Whether certain properties hold that remain open questions in the dynamic version are resolved in the offline version. Since ‘time’ is no longer a meaningful way to parametrize the distributions for the number of encounters, other more general orderings of distributions are needed. Numerical comparisons between the dynamic and offline approaches are given.

Elements of Dynamics Analysis of the Warship Launcher of Anti-Aircraft Short Range Homing Missiles

The paper presents a physical and mathematical model of a short range missile launcher based onboard a warship. The conducted numerical simulation allowed for developing an analysis of the anti-aircraft assembly dynamics. The selected responses of the system are demonstrated in the form of physical values characterizing the launcher motion.

Calculation of Ammunition Consumption for Anti-aircraft Missile System to Destroy Aerial Targets

Abstract The required ammunition consumption for anti-aircraft missile system to destroy aerial targets is a random variable. This paper proposes calculation method of ammunition consumption for the missile system to destroy aerial targets, which can calculate the average ammunition consumption for the missile system to destroy a single target, thin targets and dense targets respectively. The example shows the proposed calculation method is simple, and can support anti-aircraft missile firing operations.

The politicisation of the Beijing Olympics

The politicisation of the Beijing Olympics

Modelling and the Elements of Controlled Dynamics of the Anti-Aircraft Missile Launcher Based Onboard the Warship

The paper presents a physical and mathematical model of the controlled anti-aircraft launcher based onboard the ship, whose aim is to fight low-flying air targets. Selected tests results of the computer simulation are presented in a graphic form.

The fighter problem: optimal allocation of a discrete commodity

In this paper we study the fighter problem with discrete ammunition. An aircraft (fighter) equipped with n anti-aircraft missiles is intercepted by enemy airplanes, the appearance of which follows a homogeneous Poisson process with known intensity. If j of the n missiles are spent at an encounter, they destroy an enemy plane with probability a(j), where a(0) = 0 and {a(j)} is a known, strictly increasing concave sequence, e.g. a(j) = 1 - q j , 0 < q < 1. If the enemy is not destroyed, the enemy shoots the fighter down with known probability 1 - u, where 0 ≤ u ≤ 1. The goal of the fighter is to shoot down as many enemy airplanes as possible during a given time period [0, T]. Let K(n, t) be the smallest optimal number of missiles to be used at a present encounter, when the fighter has flying time t remaining and n missiles remaining. Three seemingly obvious properties of K(n, t) have been conjectured: (A) the closer to the destination, the more of the n missiles one should use; (B) the more missiles one has; the more one should use; and (C) the more missiles one has, the more one should save for possible future encounters. We show that (C) holds for all 0 ≤ u ≤ 1, that (A) and (B) hold for the ‘invincible fighter’ (u = 1), and that (A) holds but (B) fails for the ‘frail fighter’ (u = 0); the latter is shown through a surprising counterexample, which is also valid for small u > 0 values.

The fighter problem: optimal allocation of a discrete commodity

In this paper we study the fighter problem with discrete ammunition. An aircraft (fighter) equipped with n anti-aircraft missiles is intercepted by enemy airplanes, the appearance of which follows a homogeneous Poisson process with known intensity. If j of the n missiles are spent at an encounter, they destroy an enemy plane with probability a(j), where a(0) = 0 and {a(j)} is a known, strictly increasing concave sequence, e.g. a(j) = 1 - qj, 0 < q < 1. If the enemy is not destroyed, the enemy shoots the fighter down with known probability 1 - u, where 0 ≤ u ≤ 1. The goal of the fighter is to shoot down as many enemy airplanes as possible during a given time period [0, T]. Let K(n, t) be the smallest optimal number of missiles to be used at a present encounter, when the fighter has flying time t remaining and n missiles remaining. Three seemingly obvious properties of K(n, t) have been conjectured: (A) the closer to the destination, the more of the n missiles one should use; (B) the more missiles one has; the more one should use; and (C) the more missiles one has, the more one should save for possible future encounters. We show that (C) holds for all 0 ≤ u ≤ 1, that (A) and (B) hold for the ‘invincible fighter’ (u = 1), and that (A) holds but (B) fails for the ‘frail fighter’ (u = 0); the latter is shown through a surprising counterexample, which is also valid for small u > 0 values.

Russian-Belarusian Integration: Playing Games Behind the Kremlin Walls by Alex Danilovich (review)

608 Рецензии/Reviews Dmitry SHLAPENTOKH Alex Danilovich, Russian-Belarusian Integration: Playing Games Behind the Kremlin Walls (Basingstoke : Ashgate, 2006). 234 pp. ISBN: 978-075-464-630-3. Belarus is definitely not a superpower or a rising great power. Still, it has taken many visible and seemingly contradictory steps in the realm of foreign policy, at least from the external observer’s point of view. And quite a few of these steps could have broad and quite serious implications for the global community, even changing the balance of power on a grand scale. Indeed, Belarus recently increased contact with China and this could very well provide China a footstep into Europe. Belarus ’s relationship with Iran could provide Iran with diplomatic support and technological know-how at a time when Iran has become increasingly isolated. As a matter of fact, the role of Belarus as the provider of essential technology and even advanced weapons to Iran increased sharply after Russia’s recent (summer 2010) decision to join the West in imposing sanctions on Iran. According to rumors, it was Belarus that provided Iran with S-300 advanced antiballistic and antiaircraft missiles that could well complicate U.S. and Israeli strikes against Iran. Together with Iran, Belarus is fully supported by leftist Venezuela and anti-Israeli and implicitly anti-American Syria, with whom President Lukashenko met. Lukashenko’s cooperation with anti-Western regimes does not mean that he is a devoted enemy of the West. As a matter of fact, he winked at Teheran and Brussels at the same time, and one can assume, Belarus’s flirtation with the European Union could change the balance of power in Europe. Belarus’s relationship with Russia has played quite an important role in the foreign relations of both countries. Indeed, Belarus was the only country in the post-Soviet era that expressed a desire to join Russia in some kind of union, and this was as early as the Yeltsin era. Still, not much has been written, at least in English, on the Russian/Belarusian relationship and Belarus in general, and only recently have books on the subject started to emerge.1 The book 1 Nelly Bekus. Struggle Over Identity: The Official and the Alternative “Belarussiannes”. Budapest and New York, 2010; Andrew Savchenko. Belarus: A Perpetual Borderland. Leiden and Boston, 2009. While Belarus is not of much interest to Western scholars, social science in Belarus continues to develop, despite Lukashenko’s authoritarian rule. The collection of articles, “Istoricheskii poisk Belarusi” (Historical Search for Belarus), could serve as an example here. It includes articles on a variety of subjects. Quite a few of them have nothing to do with Belarus. Still, some do and the most interesting one is based on archival materials (Istoricheskii poisk Belarusi: al’manakh / Red. A. Iu. Bundin. Minsk, 2006). 609 Ab Imperio, 4/2010 under review here is important not only because it covers this important subject but also because the author employs a fresh approach to the topic. There are, of course, different explanations as to why nations engage in war or join together in alliances. For some it is just an aspect of the biological drive – social Darwinist explanations regard aggressiveness as a part of human nature, which makes friendship fleeting. It can be manifestations of mysterious cosmic energy that provide nations with “passionarnost’” as Lev Gumilev put it, and drive them either together or apart. For others, the conflicts or unions are caused by ideological and cultural differences or similarities. One can clearly see this approach in works of the late Samuel Huntington or of Alexander Dugin. Finally, there are pragmatists, such as John J. Mersheimer , who see no reason for war or peace other than state interests. The problem with all of these grand schemes, at least in our view, is that their protagonists are attempting to find a universally applicable theory. Yet one can hardly find a theory that works for all countries, and at all times. This does not mean that each theory should be used only for a given country. It just implies that particular groups of countries and different circumstances require a unique approach. Danilovich provides his own theory of foreign policy, which...

The Atomic Bomb and American Society: New Perspectives

Reviewed by: The Atomic Bomb and American Society: New Perspectives Steve Breyman (bio) The Atomic Bomb and American Society: New Perspectives. Edited by Rosemary B. Mariner and G. Kurt Piehler. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2009. Pp. xxx+447. $42. It is encouraging that as the nuclear age nears its seventh decade, social scientists and humanists continue to analyze and interpret what it means for American society. The eighteen essays in this volume look at the effects of the bomb on U.S. foreign policy, on the scientists and technologists who brought the bomb into being, on the workers and communities that designed and manufactured it, and on American culture. Coeditor Rosemary Mariner is a former professor of military studies at the National War College; coeditor Kurt Piehler is a historian and former director of the Center for the Study of War and Society at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. The volume begins with a sweeping review of the nuclear age by historian Paul Boyer, who makes two straightforward arguments: the bomb is central to postwar American culture, and the cultural impact of the bomb flowed and ebbed with the levels of anxiety and organized domestic resistance it has produced. Boyer detects three "cycles" in the atomic age marked by bursts of antinuclear activism and cultural expression. In part 2, the focus is on the creation of the bomb and public reactions [End Page 1036] in the immediate aftermath of its use on Japan. We get a fine account from Peter K. Parides of how Vannevar Bush and James B. Conant marshaled scientific and technological expertise on behalf of war preparedness and ultimately bomb construction in the face of bureaucratic pettiness and turf consciousness. George K. Webb provides a fascinating look at the post-Hiroshima discussion of the bomb in local papers across the United States. Mary Anne Schofield adds new insight to the gendered accounts of "war talk" in her examination of the roles played by a selection of women at Los Alamos. Judy Barrett Litoff performs a similarly salutary service in her looks at the wartime correspondence of women and their families deeply troubled by the implications of the bomb and its destruction of tens of thousands of Japanese. In part 3 there are five chapters about failed attempts to control and manage the risks of the genie once released. Megan Barnhart examines the Deweyesque Federation of American Scientists campaign to educate the public about the bomb—"no secret, no defense, international control"—in uneasy league with the professional opinion-manipulators of the Advertising Council. Shane J. Maddock provides a fascinating analysis of the role of American exceptionalist ideology in U.S. nonproliferation policy. Tracey C. Davis looks at the confused and contradictory federal policies and exercises to maintain "continuity of government" following a nuclear attack before and after the Cuban missile crisis. Jenny Barker Devine provides fresh insight into fearful civil-defense rhetoric through her focus on its circulation and application in rural America. Robert E. Hunter adds a new layer to our understanding of Hollywood and the bomb through his critical review of three nuclear-terrorism movies from the 1950s. Part 4 includes interesting takes on culture and the bomb. William David Freeman adds a new chapter to the history of the nuclear navy through oral interviews with the "elite techno-sailors" known as Nukes. Todd A. Hanson explodes the "Dr. Strangelove myth" regarding atomic scientists—and fights against anti-rationalist critiques of science—in his biography of William Ogle, "a brilliant scientist and team leader, yet somewhat ordinary American family man" (p. 263). David M. Walker revisits the nuclearization of the U.S. military from strategic ballistic missiles to tactical shells for shore bombardment and "future war" as envisioned by military strategists and comic-book writers. Michael A. Day turns to an examination of the atomic scientists as postwar public intellectuals, with a focus on J. Robert Oppenheimer and Isidor I. Rabi. Christopher John Bright returns us to the late 1950s, when nuclear antiaircraft missiles were distributed across the country. These devices showed up in films, on television programs (including an episode of Lassie), in children's plastic model kits, and in hairstyles. The book...

Ties that bind: John F. Kennedy and the foundations of the American–Israeli alliance

In August 1962, John F. Kennedy became the first American President to sell a major weapon system, the Hawk anti-aircraft missile, to Israel. The Hawk sale was part of a much larger shift in thinking about the role of the bilateral relationship with Israel in achieving America's regional objectives. This article analyses the motives for President Kennedy's decision, which represented a decisive break from the arms control and diplomatic policies pursued by Presidents Truman and, especially, Eisenhower. The article ultimately concludes that President Kennedy's new orientation was driven primarily by his affinity for the Jewish state and his more receptive attitude towards Israel's security needs, whose accommodation he thought necessary to achieve stability in the Middle East.

Conceptual form of information subsystem of antiaircraft guided missile of promising AMS

It is considered an approach to development a form of information subsystem of self-guided antiaircraft controlled missiles (ACM) of promising antiaircraft missile systems (AMS). Author’s viewpoint about mentioned problem is based on long experience of theoretical researches in this application domain and development works of integrated homing heads (HH).

U.S.-Hungarian Agreement on Destruction of Small Antiaircraft Missiles

U.S.-Hungarian Agreement on Destruction of Small Antiaircraft Missiles