Anti-aging Formulations Research Articles

Exploring Astaxanthin-Loaded Nanoformulations for Skin Targeting: Present Progress and Prospective Directions

This comprehensive review provides information on astaxanthin-loaded topical nanocarrier- based formulations for targeted skin enhancement. Astaxanthin, a potent carotenoid derived from microalgae, has garnered considerable attention for its multifaceted potential in skincare, particularly when incorporated into nanocarriers. These nanocarriers, like nanoemulsions, micelles, hydrogels and nanoparticles, have revolutionized the field of dermatology by providing innovative solutions to overcome the limitations associated with astaxanthin's solubility and stability. Astaxanthin's exceptional antioxidant properties, including its ability to neutralize free radicals within both lipid and aqueous environments, make it a compelling bioactive ingredient for combatting oxidative stress, a central contributor to skin aging and various dermatological conditions. The nanoscale size of these carriers facilitates enhanced skin penetration, controlled release, and improved bioavailability, thereby augmenting astaxanthin's therapeutic efficacy. This review meticulously explores the mechanistic insights behind astaxanthin's enhanced delivery and its multifaceted benefits, including photoprotection, anti-inflammatory effects, and wound healing properties. The diverse applications of astaxanthin-loaded nanocarriers in skincare, spanning anti-aging formulations, UV protection, scar healing, and wound repair, are elucidated. Safety considerations are also addressed, drawing from an extensive analysis of preclinical and clinical studies. The review provides valuable insights into optimal concentrations, formulation strategies, and regulatory aspects governing astaxanthin-loaded nanocarriers in skincare products.

Establishment and application of perceived age prediction model for the periocular aging research of Chinese Han women.

The assessment of skin aging through skin measurements faces limitations, making perceived age evaluation a more valuable and direct tool for assessing skin aging. Given that the aging process markedly affects the appearance of the eye contour, characterizing the eye region could be beneficial for perceived age assessment. This study aimed to analyze age-correlated changes in the eye contour within the Chinese Han female population and to develop, validate, and apply a multiple linear regression model for predicting perceived age. A naïve panel of 107 Chinese women assessed the perceived ages of 212 Chinese Han women. Instrumental analysis evaluated periorbital parameters, including palpebral fissure width (PFW), palpebral fissure height (PFH), acclivity of palpebral fissure (AX), angle of inner canthal (AEN), and angle of outer canthal (AEX). These parameters were used to construct a multiple linear regression model for predicting the perceived ages of Chinese Han women. A combined treatment using Fotona 4D and an anti-aging eye cream, formulated with plant extracts, peptides, and antioxidants, was conducted to verify the cream's anti-aging efficacy and safety. This eye cream was then tested in a large-scale clinical trial involving 101 participants. The prediction model was employed in this trial to assess the perceived ages of the women after an 8-week application of the eye cream. All parameters were observed to decrease with age. An intergroup comparison indicated that eyelid aging in Chinese Han women accelerates beyond the age of 50. Consequently, a linear regression model was constructed and validated, with the perceived age being calculated as 183.159 - 1.078 * AEN - 4.487 * PFW + 6.061 * PFH - 1.003 * AX - 0.328 * AEX. The anti-aging efficacy and safety of the eye cream were confirmed through combined treatment with Fotona 4D, showing improvements in wrinkles, elasticity, and dark circles under the eyes. In a large-scale clinical evaluation using this eye cream, a perceived age prediction model was applied, suggesting that 8weeks of use made participants appear 2.25 years younger. Our study developed and validated a multiple linear regression model to predict the perceived age of Chinese Han women. This model was successfully utilized in a large-scale clinical evaluation of anti-aging eye cream, revealing that 8weeks of usage made participants appear 2.25 years younger. This method effectively bridges the gap between clinical research and consumer perceptions, explores the complex factors influencing perceived age, and aims to improve anti-aging formulations.

Topical application of retinyl propionate, 4 hexyl resorcinol, and niacinamide reverses molecular and clinical features of ageing.

Topical tretinoin is the mainstay of treatment for photoageing, despite the risk of skin irritation. Cosmetic combination anti-ageing formulations may offer similar efficacy to tretinoin, while improving on tolerability. We aim to demonstrate facial appearance benefits of a novel triple-active cosmetic formulation containing 4-hexylresorcinol, retinyl propionate, and niacinamide and to identify transcriptomic biomarkers underpinning these benefits. A cosmetic prototype formulation containing 4-hexylresorcinol, retinyl propionate, and niacinamide was evaluated exvivo and in a clinical study. For exvivo experiments, the cosmetic formulation was applied for 3 days to healthy surgical discard skin from female donors aged 31-51 years, with tissues harvested for gene expression and histologic analyses. In the clinical study, females aged 47-66 years with moderate-to-severe overall visual photodamage on the face applied either topical 0.02% tretinoin or the cosmetic formulation to the face for 16 weeks and to forearms for 1 week, with forearm biopsies taken for gene expression analyses. Visual grading for facial photodamage and VISIA-CR images was taken throughout the clinical study. Safety was visually assessed during site visits, and adverse event monitoring was conducted throughout. Gene expression analyses in both studies revealed modulation of pathways associated with skin rejuvenation, with several genes of interest identified due to being implicated in ageing and differentially expressed following the application of the cosmetic formulation. Reversal of a consensus skin ageing gene signature was observed with the cosmetic formulation and tretinoin in the exvivo and clinical studies. Both the cosmetic formulation and tretinoin clinically improved the overall appearance of photoageing, crow's feet, lines, wrinkles, and pores. Adverse event reporting showed that the cosmetic formulation caused less skin irritation than tretinoin. In a double-blind clinical study, the novel triple-active cosmetic combination formulation improved the visual appearance of photoageing similarly to prescription tretinoin. The cosmetic formulation and tretinoin reversed a consensus gene signature associated with ageing. Together with adverse event reporting, these results suggest that the cosmetic formulation may be a well-tolerated and efficacious alternative to tretinoin for improving the visual features of photoageing.

Anti-aging Strategies and Topical Delivery of Biopolymer-based Nanocarriers for Skin Cancer Treatment.

Environmental factors like UV radiation and epigenetic changes are significant factors for skin cancer that trigger early aging. This review provides essential information on cancer development concerning aging, the receptors involved, and the therapeutic targets. Biopolymers like polysaccharide, polyphenols, proteins, and nucleic acid plays a vital role in the regulation of normal cell homeostasis. Therefore, it is pertinent to explore the role of biopolymers as antiaging formulations and the possibility of these formulations being used against cancer via topical administrations. As UV radiation is one of the predominant factors in causing skin cancer, the association of receptors between aging and cancer indicated that insulin receptor, melatonin receptor, toll-like receptor, SIRT 1 receptor, tumor-specific T cell receptor and mitochondria-based targeting could be used to direct therapeutics for suppression of cancer and prevent aging. Biopolymer-based nanoformulations have tremendously progressed by entrapment of drugs like curcumin and resveratrol which can prevent cancer and aging simultaneously. Certain protein signaling or calcium and ROS signaling pathways are different for cancer and aging. The involvement of mitochondrial DNA mutation along with telomere shortening with a change in cellular energetics leading to genomic instability in the aging process can also induce mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic alterations leading to skin cancer. Therefore, the use of biopolymers as a topical supplement during the aging process can result in the prevention of cancer.

Evaluation of the photoprotective and antioxidant potential of an avobenzone derivative.

Solar radiation can cause damage to the skin, and the use of sunscreens is one of the main protective measures. However, photounstable ultraviolet (UV) filters can generate photoproducts and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Adding antioxidants, such as resveratrol, to enhance the action of UV filters in sunscreens is an interesting strategy for reducing the damage caused by UV radiation exposure. However, new compounds must have their stability, safety and efficacy guaranteed. Avobenzone, a commonly used UV filter, stands out as a promising candidate for structural modification to enhance its stability. Its molecular hybridization with other UV filters and antioxidants can lead to safer and more effective compounds. In this study, the photoprotective and antioxidant potential of a derivative of avobenzone, hybridized with resveratrol's molecule, was evaluated using in vitro models of cells in monolayer and reconstructed human skin (RHS). Phototoxic potential was assessed using fibroblasts, while the antioxidant activity was measured using the DCFH2-DA probe in HaCaT keratinocytes and in-house RHS. The derivative exhibited UV absorption and demonstrated photostability. It did not exhibit any phototoxic nor photoreactivity potential. Additionally, it was able to photo stabilize a combination of photounstable UV filters, avobenzone and octyl methoxycinnamate, and to reduce their phototoxic potential. In terms of antioxidant activity, the derivative successfully protected against UVA-induced ROS production in the HaCaT keratinocytes model, showing statistical equivalence to the antioxidant control, quercetin (10μg/mL). Furthermore, experiments conducted in the RHS model demonstrated a significant reduction of 30.7% in ROS generation compared to the irradiated control. This study demonstrated that structural modifications of avobenzone can lead to the development of a broad spectrum (absorbing UVB and UVA II radiation, as well as a portion of the UVA I radiation), non-phototoxic, non-photoreactive and photostable derivative for sunscreen and anti-aging formulations. This derivative enhances protection against oxidative stress induced by UV radiation and improves the effectiveness of sun protection. In addition to the monolayer model, the use of a standardized in-house RHS model was highly relevant for evaluating the effects of UV radiation and skin aging. This model closely mimics human physiological conditions and enables the testing of new compounds and the investigation of protective mechanisms against skin damage.

Natural Anti-Aging Formulations with UV/Photo-Protective Potential Containing Plant Derived Oils

Topical natural oil-based anti-aging o/w emulsions with UV protection capability were developed with the help of sesame (F1), black cumin (F2), flax (F3), and poppy seed oil (F4) and their combination(F5) having comparable SPF and antioxidant activities and their values were calculated using UV spectrophotometer and DPPH scavenging test respectively. Five separate formulations of all oils were made and stored at various storage temperatures, including 8°C, 25°C, 40°C and 40°C ± 75% RH. These formulations were then examined for stability at their storage parameters which involved changes in color, odor, phase separation, pH, conductivity, centrifugation as well as spreadability for two months, with tests being conducted after a particular duration. According to the experimental findings, the antioxidant activity of sesame, black cumin, flax, and poppy seed oil is 63%, 59%, 72%, and 47%, respectively while the combination formulation showed 76% activity. On day 60th at 40°C ± 75%RH, the SPF values of F1, F2, F3, F4 & F5 were 2.53, 6.26, 8.11, 6.09, and 12.01 respectively. F1 and F2 displayed a white-to-yellowish color change on the 60th day at 40°C ± 75%RH. No formulations showed odor change. Phase separation was seen in F1 and F2 after two months at 40°C, while F3, F4, and F5 were stable and their spreadability also increased with time at an elevated condition while the pH of all five formulations tended to decrease. The study results provided evidence that combining essential oils produces effective outcomes without affecting the emulsion system stability.

Porcine Placenta Peptide Inhibits UVB-Induced Skin Wrinkle Formation and Dehydration: Insights into MAPK Signaling Pathways from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight accelerates skin aging, leading to various clinical manifestations such as wrinkles, dryness, and loss of elasticity. This study investigated the protective effects of porcine placenta peptide (PPP) against UVB-induced skin photoaging. Female hairless SKH-1 mice were orally administered PPP for 12 weeks, followed by UVB irradiation. PPP significantly reduced wrinkle formation, improved skin moisture levels, and prevented collagen degradation. Mechanistically, PPP inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and upregulated collagen production. Moreover, PPP elevated hyaluronic acid levels, contributing to enhanced skin hydration. Additionally, PPP demonstrated antioxidant properties by increasing the expression of the antioxidant enzyme GPx-1, thereby reducing UVB-induced inflammation. Further molecular analysis revealed that PPP suppressed the activation of p38 MAP kinase and JNK signaling pathways, crucial mediators of UV-induced skin damage. These findings highlight the potential of porcine placental peptides as a natural and effective intervention against UVB-induced skin photoaging. The study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of PPP, emphasizing its potential applications in skincare and anti-aging formulations.

Promising Anti-Wrinkle Applications of Aromatic Extracts of Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig via Antioxidation and Collagenase Inhibition.

This study aimed to extract aromatic compounds from the rhizomes, leaf sheaths, and leaves of Hedychium coronarium and investigate their chemical compositions, cosmetic/cosmeceutical activities, and irritation potency. The chemical compositions were investigated via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activities were evaluated via spectrophotometry. The anti-skin wrinkle properties were investigated via collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibition. The irritation potency was observed via a hen's egg-chorioallantoic membrane test. Eucalyptol was detected as a major component in the rhizomes and leaf sheaths, while β-caryophyllene was predominant in the leaves. The absolutes from the rhizomes were the strongest antioxidants, with ABTS scavenging properties similar to L-ascorbic acid. Interestingly, the equivalent concentration (EC1) of the absolute from the rhizome was 0.82 ± 0.01 µg FeSO4/g extract, which was significantly more potent than L-ascorbic acid (0.43 ± 0.03 µg FeSO4/g extract). The rhizome-derived absolute was the most effective against collagenase, while the concretes from the rhizomes and leaf sheaths showed promising anti-hyaluronidase activity with inhibitions of 90.5 ± 1.6% and 87.4 ± 5.1%, respectively. The irritability of the aromatic extracts was not different from that of the vehicle control, proving their safety. Therefore, the Hedychium coronarium rhizome-derived absolute was an attractive and potent antioxidant with anti-collagenase activities, indicating its potential for use in anti-aging formulations.

Formulation, characterization of Quercus infectoria (Olivier) emulsions, and in vitro, in vivo evaluation as cosmeceutical formulation.

Pharmacological properties of Quercus infectoria Olivier (galls) have been determined to be astringent, antidiabetic, antipyretic, anti-tremor, local anesthetic, and anti-parkinsonism. The galls of Quercus infectoria have been used for millennia in traditional oriental medicine in Asian nations to treat inflammatory illnesses. The study's objective was to create a Quercus infectoria Olivier gall extract in stable water in oil (w/o) emulsion and to check its effects on the mechanical properties of skin and antiaging effects. The galls were macerated in absolute methanol. Quercus infectoria Olivier gall extract's antioxidant property was evaluated using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) technique. Stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, KOH, glycerin, and distilled water were used to create the emulsion. The test (with extract) and control (without extract) emulsions were made, respectively, using the same process. Stability tests (color, liquefaction, microscopy, phase separation, and pH) are performed in in vitro, lasted 72 days at four distinct storage temperatures that is 8°C, 25°C, 40°C, and 40°C + 75% RH for both the control and test formulations. By using spectrophotometry, the (SPF) sun protection factors of the two formulations were calculated at various concentrations. Extract from Quercus infectoria underwent phytochemical investigation as well. The results showed that Quercus infectoria Olivier has antioxidant and (SPF) sun protection properties, reduce sebum, increases elasticity and stable emulsion containing 04% Quercus infectoria gall extract which might be used as topical antiaging formulation.

Anti-aging activity of Syn-Ake peptide by in silico approaches and in vitro tests

The increase in the aging population worldwide has led scientists to turn to research to prevent the aging process. In this context, synthetic peptides emerge as candidate molecules for developing new anti-aging products. This study aims to investigate the possible interactions of Syn-Ake, a synthetic peptide, with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), which are the targets of anti-aging activities with in silico approaches, and to determine the antioxidant activity, and safety profile of the peptide by in vitro methods such as cytotoxicity (MTT) and genotoxicity (Ames) tests. The molecular docking study showed that the docking score energy of MMP receptors was in the order of MMP-13 < MMP-8 < MMP-1. Syn-Ake peptide provided the lowest and the most stable binding to the SIRT1 receptor at −9.32 kcal/mol. Binding interaction and protein-ligand stability of Syn-Ake with MMPs and SIRT1 in a dynamic system were predicted by 50 ns molecular dynamic (MD) simulation studies. The MD results showed that the Syn-Ake peptide remained stable in the active site of MMP-13 and SIRT1 receptors during 50 ns simulations. In addition, the antioxidant activity of Syn-Ake was investigated using diphenyl-2-picril-hydrazine (DPPH) method since it is crucial to remove free radicals that are effective in skin aging. The results revealed the concentration-dependent increased DPPH radical scavenging activity of the peptide. Finally, the safety of the Syn-Ake was investigated, and the safe dose of the peptide was determined. In conclusion, in silico and in vitro analyses show that the Syn-Ake peptide may hold promise in anti-aging formulations with its high efficacy and safety profile. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Microneedle-Assisted Topical Delivery of Idebenone-Loaded Bioadhesive Nanoparticles Protect against UV-Induced Skin Damage.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can penetrate the basal layer of the skin and induce profound alterations in the underlying dermal tissues, including skin pigmentation, oxidative stress, photoaging, glycation, and skin cancer. Idebenone (IDB), an effective antioxidant that suppresses melanin biosynthesis and glycation, can protect the skin from UV-induced damage, accounting for its use in commercial anti-aging formulations. Ideally, IDB formulations should retain IDB inside the skin for a sufficient period, despite disturbances such as sweating or swimming. Herein, we present an IDB topical formulation based on Tris (tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane)-modified bioadhesive nanoparticles (Tris-BNPs) and microneedle-assisted delivery. We found that Tris-BNPs loaded with IDB (IDB/Tris-BNPs) effectively reached the basal layer of the skin and were retained for at least 4 days with a slow and continuous drug release profile, unlike non-bioadhesive nanoparticles (NNPs) and bioadhesive nanoparticles (BNPs) of similar sizes (ranging from 120-142 nm) and zeta-potentials (above -20 mV), which experienced a significant reduction in concentration within 24 h. Notably, IDB/Tris-BNPs showed superior performance against UV-induced damage relative to IDB/NNPs and IDB/BNPs. This effect was demonstrated by lower levels of reactive oxygen species and advanced glycation end-products in skin tissues, as well as suppressed melanogenesis. Therefore, the proposed IDB delivery strategy provided long-term protective effects against UV-induced skin damage.

Skin Ageing: A Progressive, Multi-Factorial Condition Demanding an Integrated, Multilayer-Targeted Remedy.

Of the human organs, skin is the most visible one that displays the manifestations of ageing. It has a very intricate microanatomical structure and performs several key physiological functions. The pathophysiology of cutaneous ageing is characterized by deterioration of structural stability and functional integrity, implying a continuous reduction in maximal function and reserve capacity, as a result of the accumulating damage due to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Elimination of unfavorable expressions associated with facial and cutaneous ageing is the key patient demand in aesthetic dermatology. Even though the progress has been made in nonsurgical therapies like fillers and lasers, non-invasive interventions by using skin care products designed for rejuvenation at an early stage are the most popular and accessible solution among people. In this review, we have scrutinized the ageing-associated cutaneous changes at molecular, cellular and tissue levels. To optimize the ageing process towards a healthy skin, we propose an integrated, multilayer-targeted intervention, which involves both topical application of anti-ageing formulations from outside and oral supplementation from inside. Additionally, several promising naturally derived ingredients are reviewed from an anti-aging perspective. Most of them possess various bioactivities and may contribute to the development of the mentioned anti-ageing remedy.

Essential oil composition, anti-tyrosinase activity, and molecular docking studies of Knema intermedia Warb. (Myristicaceae).

Knema is one of the genera in the Myristicaceae family. The genus includes 60 species in Southeast Asia and is traditionally used for treating skin disorders. Here, forthe first time, the essential oil, anti-tyrosinase, and molecular docking studies of Knema intermedia were evaluated. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Anti-tyrosinase activity was evaluated against mushroom tyrosinase, whereas molecular docking studies were performed using Autodock vina embedded in PyRx to evaluate the binding interactions of major components. A total of 37 components (97.3%) were successfully identified in the essential oil, which was characterized by high amounts of t-muurolol (20.1%), α-copaene (14.4%), δ-cadinene (13.9%), germacrene B (9.5%), and δ-selinene (7.0%). The essential oil displayed moderate inhibitory activity towards tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 70.2μg/mL. The best docking energy was observed with δ-selinene (-7.8kcal/mol), and it also forms interactions with His85, His263, and His244 which are important amino acid residues of the tyrosinase receptor. Hence, this study provides valuable scientific data on K.intermedia as potential candidate for the development of natural antiaging formulations.

NOVEL TOPICAL ANTI-AGING HERBAL COMPOSITION

Objective: Anti-aging formulations are among the premier skin care products in the global market that are in huge demand. Different treatments are available to slow down skin aging, but are very expensive and are often found to produce adverse reactions to the skin in prolong use. Hence, present study has been designed to formulate poly herbal anti-aging skin care products and their evaluation thereon.&#x0D; Methods: Anti-aging herbal skin care cream, gel and serum were prepared using two medicinal plants Hippophae salicifolia and Celosia argentea along with three bioactives caffeine, rutin and bakuchiol. The formulations were evaluated for physicochemical parameters like pH, texture analysis, acid value, short-term stability study, etc. Phenolics and flavanoid content were determined. Anti-aging potential was gauged by in silico studies using the glide tool of ‘Schrodinger’.&#x0D; Results: Cream, gel and serum showed good physical appearance and were free from gritty particles and with smooth texture. Accelerated stability studies indicated insignificant changes in physicochemical parameters of the formulations. Based on the docking score and interaction with amino acid, compounds present in the plant extracts and bioactive showed good anti-aging activity.&#x0D; Conclusion: The prepared herbal anti-aging formulations were found to be stable and exhibited good potential as an anti-aging combination. So, they can be used as an effective combination to protect skin from aging.

Metallic Nanoparticles Applications in Cosmetology: A Comprehensive Review

Metal nanoparticles have revolutionized the beauty industry by offering antimicrobial properties, enhanced product performance, improved texture, and targeted delivery of active ingredients. These nanoparticles exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and offer potential in wound healing, acne treatment, and skin whitening and anti-aging formulations. Gold nanoparticles have gained attention in skin whitening and anti-aging formulations due to their unique optical properties. Metal nanoparticles also provide photoprotection in sunscreens and other photoprotective products by absorbing or scattering harmful UV radiation. However, safety concerns, long-term effects, skin penetration, accumulation, and systemic toxicity require further evaluation. Future research should focus on optimizing formulations, understanding efficacy and mechanisms of action, and addressing safety concerns to unlock the full potential of metal nanoparticles in cosmetology.

Glycyrrhizic acid Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles: anti-aging cosmeceutical formulation for topical applications

Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is one of the components of licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.). GA is a triterpenoid saponin can be used as a medicinal plant with its antiallergic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective, anticancer, anti-oxidation activities and several other therapeutic properties. The aim of this study is to develop an anti-aging formulation for topical application containing GA. In this context, GA-loaded Poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using the double emulsion method, and were characterized by various spectroscopic methods. The efficacy of GA-PLGA NPs was evaluated with in vitro and in silico methods. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were calculated. The in vitro release study was conducted, and the GA release profile was determined. The genotoxic activity of GA and GA-PLGA NPs was evaluated by the Ames test using TA98 and TA100 mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium. The cytotoxic potential of GA-PLGA NPs was evaluated on the HaCaT cell line using the MTT assay. According to the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity results, it was found that the GA-PLGA NP formulation did not exhibit genotoxic and cytotoxic effects. Moreover, the efficacy of GA in preventing UVB-induced photo-aging in HaCaT cells and the clarification of the molecular mechanism of GA binding to MMPs were revealed by molecular docking analysis. In addition, through molecular dynamics (MD) analysis, the binding interaction of GA with MMPs in a dynamic system, and protein-ligand stability were predicted as a result of 50 ns MD simulation studies considering various analysis parameters. Finally, it was evaluated that GA-PLGA nanoformulation might be used as an alternative anti-aging skin care product candidate via topical application.

Chemical Composition, Antiaging Activities and Molecular Docking Studies of Essential Oils from Acca sellowiana (Feijoa).

This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils isolated from Acca sellowiana (feijoa) leaves and stems and elaborate on their relevance as natural anti-aging, coupled with molecular-docking studies. The isolated oils were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and investigated for inhibitory effects against acetylcholinesterase, β-secretase, collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase. Molecular-modelling study was performed using MOE-Dock program to evaluate binding interactions of major components with the above-mentioned targets. The leaf oil revealed the predominance of caryophyllene oxide (24.3 %), linalool (7.9 %), and spathulenol (6.6 %), while the stem oil was presented by caryophyllene oxide (38.1 %), α-zingiberene (10.1 %) and humulene oxide II (6.0 %). The stem oil expressed superior inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (IC50 =0.15±0.01 μg/mL), β-secretase (IC50 =3.99±0.23 μg/mL), collagenase (IC50 =408.10±20.80 μg/mL), elastase (IC50 =0.17±0.01 μg/mL) and tyrosinase (IC50 =8.45±0.40 μg/mL). The valuable binding interactions and docking scores were observed for caryophyllene oxide and α-zingiberene with acetylcholinesterase. Besides, α-zingibirene followed by linalool and τ-cadinol revealed tight fitting with collagenase and elastase. Additionally, linalool, spathulenol and τ-cadinol showed the best binding energy to tyrosinase. This study provides valuable scientific data on A. sellowiana as potential candidates for the development of natural antiaging formulations. The current study provided scientific evidence for the potential use of feijoa essential oils in antiaging formulations and as an adjuvant for the prophylaxis against Alzheimer disease.

Utilization of water extract of yellow potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in hydrogel eye mask as anti-aging formulation

The thinness and sensitivity of the skin in the area under the eyes cause the skin in this area to easily show signs of aging. Hydrogel masks contain quite a lot of water, so during use this mask will moisturize the skin longer. A hydrogel eye mask containing yellow potato tuber water extract is used for the prevention of premature aging, especially under the eyes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether hydrogel eye mask preparations containing water extract of yellow potato tubers can provide an anti-aging effect. Material and methods: The yellow potato tuber water extract was screened for phytochemicals, then formulated into a hydrogel eye mask with a concentration of 0.25 %, 0.5 %, and 1 %. Evaluation of the hydrogel eye mask preparation includes organoleptic, weight, thickness, pH test, tensile test, swelling power, shrinkage, stability, cycling test, hedonic test, and anti-aging. Anti-aging parameters measured include moisture, pores, blemishes, and wrinkles. The treatment was carried out for four weeks by applying the mask twice a week. Results: The results showed that all hydrogel eye mask formulas were stable during storage and cycling tests. All formulas meet pH values, shrinkage, elasticity, swellability, and irritation tests. The hedonic test on volunteers shows the most preferred concentration of 1 %. The results of the anti-aging effectiveness test of the best hydrogel eye mask preparation is a concentration of 1 % with an increase in humidity of 27 %, a decrease in pores of 35.8 %, blemishes of 40 %, and wrinkles of 37.6 Conclusion: That the different concentrations of each formula showed different anti-aging activities and the best formula was 1 % with moisture values of 27 %, pore values of 35.8 %, blemishes of 40 %, and wrinkles values of 37.6 %, which indicated anti-aging activity

Phytoformulation studies on Traditional Anti-Wrinkle Preparation

The most frequent dermatological concern and a multisystem degenerative process is skin aging. Age related factors may be either due to declining physiological functions (intrinsic aging) or may be due to environmental factors such as pollution, sun exposure, smoking, stress etc. (extrinsic aging). An aged skin displays pigmented lesions, patchy hypopigmentations, actinic keratoses, fragility, laxity and wrinkles. Skin aging mechanisms involve biochemical changes in collagen, elastin and connective tissues, thereby resulting in a thin, dry, less elastic, wrinkled skin. In the recent years, herbals are largely preferred to synthetic drugs regarding to their traditional use as they help in providing an efficient, low toxicity and cost impressive product. Though a number of traditional plants are available, novel delivery systems need to be integrated so that the efficacy and cost effectiveness of the therapy can be optimized. Functional herbal active constituents and innovative novel formulations are driving the cosmetic industry. This present review put forward extensively on herbs appraisal for skin aging treatment. It also highlights the benefits of herbals and their role in impeding aging of skin. Some commercial branded herbal anti-aging cosmeceuticals and a few novel anti-aging herbal formulations available in the market are also reviewed here.

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation, Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects.

The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.