Anti-adhesive Effect Research Articles

Alginate-assistant nanofiber integrated with polypropylene hernia mesh for efficient anti-adhesion effects and enhanced tissue compatibility

Polypropylene (PP) mesh has been one of the most frequently selected materials for abdominal wall hernia (AWH) repair in the past decades. However, the repair effectiveness is often compromised by the high incidence of adverse events. Improvements are highly desirable to reduce unwanted visceral adhesion and increase tissue integration. Herein, we developed a PP-based composite mesh combined with alginate-assistant nanofiber membrane (NFM) by assembling a large-pore lightweight PP mesh, a NFM barrier consisting of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polycaprolactone (PCL), and an alginate hydrogel (AH). In vitro studies revealed that the resulting meshes had excellent structural stability, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. The NFM barriers were firmly attached to the PP substrates, with AH effectively eliminating the delamination without unwanted damage to the nanofiber barrier. In vivo experiments showed that incorporating AH-assistant NFM into PP prostheses could prevent visceral adhesion in an effective manner and promote mesh integration into surrounding tissues from the abdominal wall. These results prove a novel facile and successful strategy to endow prosthetic meshes with superior anti-adhesion capability and tissue compatibility for repairing AWH.

Surface functionalization of anticoagulation and anti-nonspecific adsorption with recombinant hirudin modification.

Surface functionalization to improve the blood compatibility is pivotal for the application of biomaterials. In this article, the surface of silicon was first functionalized with chemical groups, such as amino, quinone and phenol groups by the self-polymerization of dopamine, which were used to immobilize anticoagulant drugs hirudin. The detailed analysis and discussion about the grafting groups, morphology, wettability, the dynamic adsorption of proteins, the cytological property and the blood compatibility on the surfaces were carried on by the technology of contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance, endothelial cells culture and anticoagulant blood test in vivo. The surface with hirudin modification exhibited hydrophilic property and significantly inhibited the nonspecific adsorption of albumin, while it was more approachable to fibronectin. In vitro study displayed that the surface loaded with hirudin could promote the proliferation of endothelial cells. The evaluation of anticoagulant showed good anti-adhesion effect on platelets and the hemolysis rate decreased significantly to less than 0.4%. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of the silicon wafer loaded with hirudin can exceed 38s, and the APTT prolongs as the hirudin concentration rises. This study suggested that such simple but effective surface functionalization technique, combining excellent anticoagulant activity together with reendothelialization potential due to the preferable fibronectin adsorption, provide great practical significance to the application of cardiovascular materials.

Imidazolium room-temperature ionic liquids with alkoxymethyl substituent: A quest for improved microbiological selectivity

Developing of novel, sustainable, and cost-effective antimicrobial substances is a global challenge. Our study on new bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide salts has led to environmentally benign pathways to process room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) with alkoxymethyl substituent. The process (containing a small number of steps), carried out under mild conditions with easily available substrates, produced a high yield (>97%) and excellent purity of the final product (>0.99969). The prepared salts are insoluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents (except DMF, diethyl ether and hexane). Their solubilities do not depend on the number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic chain or on the temperature (in the range of 25–50 °C). The antimicrobial properties of synthesised RTILs are strongly correlated with the length of the alkyl chain, and interestingly, their strength is dependent on the microbial strain. The salt with the longest alkyl chain of the alkoxymethyl group—1-dodecyloxymethyl-3-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide—shows strong and selective antibacterial properties particularly against Staphylococcus spp., comparable or higher to that of benzalkonium chloride. Moreover, compound with a dodecyloxymethyl moiety does not cause haemolysis and destabilises the artificial Gram-positive bacteria membrane. Due to its antiadhesive effect, the investigated imidazolium ionic liquid with dodecyloxymethyl functional group due to its antiadhesive effect has potential as a disinfectant and a short-term eradicator of adherent cells or biofilm against highly increasing antibiotic resistance toward Staphylococcus spp. Moreover, the salt with a dodecyloxymethyl moiety has the best applicative potential from an economic point of view among all the investigated RTILs.

Antiadhesion Effect of Materials Based on Carboxymethylchitosan and Carboxymethylcellulose

Antiadhesion Effect of Materials Based on Carboxymethylchitosan and Carboxymethylcellulose

Foldable Bulk Anti-adhesive Polyacrylic Intraocular Lens Material Design and Fabrication for Posterior Capsule Opacification Prevention.

Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is a primary complication after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, which is attributed to adhesion, proliferation, and migration of residual lens epithelial cells on IOL. Although surface hydrophilic coating is considered to be a powerful way to inhibit PCO incidence after surgery, it requires complex post-production processes, thus limiting their applicability. In comparison, bulk modification is a stable, effective, and facile IOL synthesis method for PCO prevention. Herein, a new anti-adhesive IOL material was designed and successfully synthesized by radical copolymerization of ethylene glycol phenyl ether methacrylate (EGPEMA) and 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethyl acrylate (EA). The physicochemical properties of P(EGPEMA-co-EA) copolymer materials, including chemical structure, mechanical, thermal, surface, and optical properties, were analyzed by using 1H NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, tensile test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), water contact angle measurement, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The elongation at break and the modulus of elasticity of the copolymer were tunable through the change of the composition of monomers. Compared to other components, the tensile results showed that P(EGPEMA-co-EA) materials (70% EGPEMA in mass ratio, F7) are suitable for the preparation of foldable intraocular lens with lower elastic modulus and higher elongation at break. TGA and DSC showed that the material has high thermal stability, and the glass transition temperature of F7 material is 16.1 °C. The water contact angle measurement results showed that the introduction of EA improved the hydrophilicity of the material. The percentage of transmittance of all copolymers at 400-800 nm is above 85%. Then, the biocompatibility of the materials was evaluated by in vitro assay and subcutaneous implantation. Both in vitro results and subcutaneous implantation experiments showed that the designed IOL materials exhibited a good anti-adhesion effect and no cytotoxicity. Finally, phacoemulsification and IOL intraocular implantation were performed, and the in vivo results confirmed the good PCO prevention ability as well as the biocompatibility of the new IOL materials.

Potent Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Synthetic Remineralizing Preparation of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans Using an Ex-vivo Animal Model

AimThe aim to this study is to evaluate the biocompatibility and antibiofilm actions of two nano-hydroxy apatite (NHA).MethodologyNano-hydroxy apatites are biomaterials use in direct contact with living tissues. Therefore, they should be tested for their safety beside assessment of their minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using broth microdilution method. One hundred and twenty extracted bovine incisors were collected and cleaned to ensure the absence of any defects. Enamel blocks with different size (2 × 2 × 3 mm) and (5 × 5 × 2 mm) were prepared from their labial surfaces using an isomet saw. Enamel blocks are used for detecting the suitable concentration will be used in the following experiments using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The remaining enamel blocks divided into 5 equal groups to detect inhibitory effect against bacterial adhesion to the initial enamel caries like lesions using viable count technique beside the antibiofilm activity against mature biofilm of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) using confocal laser microscopy. The remaining enamel blocks were used as a representing data for detecting surface topography for each group by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultThe data showed safety of NHA suspensions. Additionally, only NHA suspension of large nanoparticle size (NHA-LPS) had MIC of 1.25 mg/ml against S. mutans. Also, have the higher percentages of Ca and P in the enamel blocks. Furthermore, the lowest level of bacterial adhesion was recorded in (group III) treated by NHA-LPS which was non-significantly different with the positive control group V. Biofilm thickness in group IV treated with NHA-small particle size (SPS) recorded high biofilm thickness followed by group III. Interestingly, group III showed greater killing effect against mature biofilm which is slightly higher than the positive control group V. In group III, surface topography revealed very smooth enamel surface with closed pores. Accordingly, NHA-LPS suspension had antiadhesive, antibacterial, and antibiofilm effect against cariogenic S. mutans representing a promising possibility to be recommended for safe effective remineralization.

2'-Fucosyllactose promotes Lactobacillus rhamnosus KLDS 8001 to repair LPS-induced damage in Caco-2 cells.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) on the repair of monolayer barrier damage in Caco-2 cells by Lactobacillus rhamnosus KLDS 8001 (KLDS 8001). The results showed that the addition of 2'-FL not only promoted the adhesion ability of KLDS 8001 to Caco-2 cells but also improved the anti-adhesive effect of pathogenic bacteria. Compared with 2'-FL or KLDS 8001 alone, 2'-FL+KLDS 8001 significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) production. In addition, 2'-FL effectively promoted the transmembrane electrical resistance (TEER), cell viability, and cellular permeability of KLDS 8001 repaired damaged cells with dose-dependent properties. The mRNA and protein expression of Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin, and Claudin-1 were also upregulated in the KLDS 8001 and 2'-FL co-treatedtreatment group. It was speculated that 2'-FL could effectively regulate the interaction between KLDS 8001 and intestinal epithelial cells to play a role in maintaining intestinal barrier function and avoiding pathogenic bacteria invasion. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: As the most widely used human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), 2'-FL is vital for maintaining infant intestinal health. Our study found that the addition of 2'-FL promoted KLDS 8001 adhesion, anti-adhesion of pathogenic bacteria, anti-inflammatory capacity, repair of barrier damage, and tight junction protein expression, providing a new strategy to protect infant intestinal health and prevent various intestinal diseases.

A simple strategy to prepare hybrid coating on titanium (Ti6Al4V)

The wide use of Titanium and its alloys as biomaterial is due to their excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability, good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Their main limitations (poor biological activity leading to deficient osseointegration and high surface potential for bacterial colonization) can be overcome with a simple two-step strategy to modify Ti6Al4V substrates with a hybrid coating that includes: (1) the electrodeposition of a calcium phosphate phase to provide them with bioactive functionality, and (2) the incorporation of Ag-NPs to the calcium phosphate coating to add antibacterial functionality. The substrates were characterized by Raman spectroscopy , X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Further, they were evaluated for antibacterial properties and cytocompatibility. The bioactive coating was composed by octacalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite with granular morphology that originates pores and increases its total exposed area. Hybrid substrates showed homogeneously distribution of silver throughout the surface, excellent antibacterial ability against adherent and planktonic Staphylococcus aureus and a very good behavior for supporting cell adhesion and proliferation, resulting in proper environments for the integration with bone tissue without the release of toxic species that can affect the cell viability. • A simple strategy is devised and optimized to create Hybrid (bioactive and antibacterial) Ti6Al4V. • Bioactive Ti6Al4V prepared by electrodeposition results in a calcium phosphate coating. • Hybrid Ti6Al4V is produced by immersing the bioactive substrate in Ag-NPs. • Hybrid Ti6Al4V shows antiadhesive and biocidal effects against S. aureus . • Hybrid Ti6Al4V supports cell adhesion/proliferation without affecting cell viability.

Anti-Adhesive Properties of Calcium Alginate from Sargassum fusiforme against Particulate Matter-Induced Inflammation.

Fine dust generated by particulate matter (PM) pollution is a serious ecological issue in industrialized countries and causes disorders of the respiratory system and skin in humans. In the previous study, Sargassum fusiforme was treated with citric acid to remove heavy metals. In this study, the transfer of PM-mediated inflammatory responses through the skin to macrophages was evaluated. Moreover, the anti-adhesive effects of calcium alginate isolated from S. fusiforme (SFCA) against PM-induced inflammation were investigated. The structures of processing and unprocessing SFCA were then analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), revealing minimal change after acid-processing. SFCA had protective effects both in PM-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages. In cellular environments, it was found that SFCA attenuated signal protein expressions such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, macrophages were added to the culture medium of PM-stimulated keratinocytes to induce inflammation. SFCA was observed to significantly inhibit inflammatory responses; additionally, SFCA showed an in vivo anti-adhesive effect in zebrafish embryos.

Cranberry and Sumac Extracts Exhibit Antibacterial and Anti-Adhesive Effects Against Streptococcus pyogenes.

Group A Streptococci (GAS) or Streptococcus pyogenes is responsible for acute bacterial pharyngitis in children as well as adults. Streptococcal pharyngitis is initiated by successful attachment and colonization of the bacteria, followed by the establishment of the biofilm in various environments. In this study, we examined the antibacterial activities of in-house prepared aqueous and ethanolic extracts of 10 Atlantic Canada fruits in the context of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), time-kill kinetics, and adhesion inhibition properties against S. pyogenes. Per our findings, MIC and MBC for all the tested extracts ranged from 0.25 to 8 mg/mL and from 4 to 64 mg/mL, respectively. Accordingly, at 1⁄2 × MBC, cranberry and sumac extracts also lowered the attachment of GAS to the uncoated and fibronectin-coated substratum. Particularly, cranberry and sumac aqueous extracts were more effective against the adhesion of S. pyogenes ATCC 19615 to the fibronectin-coated surface than a clinical strain. In conclusion, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of cranberry and sumac could potentially be incorporated into natural health products designed for the amelioration of strep throat, yet a detailed understanding of its mode of action (e.g., biofilm inhibition and eradication) could pave its path to the field of antibacterial natural health product discovery, design, and development.

Structural characterization of the carbohydrate and protein part of arabinogalactan protein from Basella alba stem and antiadhesive activity of polysaccharides from B. alba against Helicobacter pylori

BackgroundIncreasing drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori has highlighted the search for natural compounds with antiadhesive properties, interrupting the adhesion of H. pylori to stomach epithelia. Basella alba, a plant widely used in Asian traditional medicine, was investigated for its antiadhesive activity against H. pylori. MethodsB. alba extract FE was prepared by aqueous extraction. Polysaccharides were isolated from FE by ethanol precipitation and arabinogalactan-protein (AGP) was isolated with Yariv reagent. Carbohydrate analyses was performed by standard methods and sequence analysis of the protein part of AGP by LC-MS. In vitro adhesion assay of fluorescent-labelled H. pylori J99 to human AGS cells was performed by flow cytometric analysis. ResultsRaw polysaccharides (BA1) were isolated and 9% of BA1 were identified as AGP (53.1% neutral carbohydrates L-arabinose, D-galactose, rhamnose, 5.4% galacturonic acid, 41.5% protein). After deglycosylation of AGP, the protein part (two bands at 15 and 25 kDa in tricine SDS-PAGE) was shown to contain peptides like ribulose-bisphosphate-carboxylase-large-chain. Histological localization within the stem tissue of B. alba revealed that AGP was mainly located at the procambium ring. Functional assays indicated that neither FE nor BA1 had significant influence on viability of AGS cells or on H. pylori. FE inhibited the bacterial adhesion of H. pylori to AGS cells in a dose dependent manner. Best anti-adhesive effect of ~67% was observed with BA1 at 2 mg/mL. ConclusionThe data obtained from this study characterize in part the mucilage and isolated polysaccharides of B. alba. As the polysaccharides interact with the bacterial adhesion, a potential uses a supplemental antiadhesive entity against the recurrence of H. pylori after eradication therapy may be discussed.

Super-lubricating hybrid elastomer with rapid photothermal sterilization and strong anti-cell adhesion

Silicone elastomer has been widely used as raw materials for manufacturing medical soft catheters. The surface properties of silicone elastomer, such as bactericidal performance, anti-cell adhesion and surface lubrication, are essential features to determine whether the catheters can fully play the role in transporting liquid or gas to organisms. To realize the integration of interfacial functions, we develop a super-lubricating hybrid elastomer with rapid photothermal sterilization and strong anti-cell adhesion capacities. Specifically, a hybrid elastomer is prepared by grafting one kind of lubricating polymers with anti-cell adhesion onto near-infrared (NIR) photothermal Fe3O4 nanoparticles-loaded polydimethylsiloxane substrate. Through the hydration lubrication, a super-low friction is realized on the surface of this hybrid elastomer. More importantly, this elastomer achieves a rapid photothermal bactericidal performance by local heating triggered by NIR irradiation. In addition, this hybrid elastomer shows a strong anti-adhesion effect against HepG2 cells. Based on these merits, this hybrid elastomer shows great potential for producing biomedical catheters that may realize anti-tissue adhesion, rapid sterilization, and reduction of interfacial resistance between catheters and biological tissues.

Investigation into movable dislocation evolution feature and strengthening effect for metal twin Al from atomic perspective

It is an universal phenomenon that the dislocations are produced in metal plastic deformation, which will has a potential value in fundamental research field for metal strengthening and toughening if its evolution characteristics and laws are investigated. Therefore, this behavior of movable dislocation for metal Al is studied by atomic simulation, and the microscopic mechanism of metal strengthening and toughening are also revealed through studying the interaction between movable dislocation induced by nano-indentation and twin boundary. Furthermore, the movable dislocation features, and dislocation density, and hardness, and adhesive effect are analyzed, and the comparison between the single boundary height and the multilayer twin boundary height is conducted. It is found that the plastic deformation of aluminum mental can be dominant by coordinating the amorphous generation and hexagonal close-packed structure under high speed deformation. In the nano-indentation process, the twin boundary has two obvious effects on movable dislocation of moving changes: one is to hinder the dislocation from migrating, the other is to induce dislocation to produce a cell, which result in the dislocation entanglement and generation of cross slip, it is also the main reason why the metal has excellent mechanical properties of strengthening and toughening features. These results demonstrate that the local non-contact region on the surface of Al substrate can induce atomic mismatch spots to appear during loading, and when the distance between the twin boundary and the upper surface of the substrate decreases, the effects of dislocation winding and dislocation slip become more obvious, and the anti-adhesion effect also decreases. In addition, the twin boundary is treated as the propagation of plastic ring source in the dislocation emission process when substrate is continuously loaded. These results provide an important theoretical source for improving metal strengthening and toughening effect.

Role of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) on Proper Growth, Immunity, and Tolerance in Ensuring Lifelong Health for Infants and Toddlers

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) contain numerous biomolecules. It is the third most abundant solid component of breast milk, after lactose and lipids, that plays an important role in infant growth and the development of human life. Several studies have reported the health benefits of HMOs, which include modulation of the intestinal microbiota, anti-adhesive effect against pathogens, modulation of the intestinal epithelial cell response, development of the immune system, increasing the intestinal barrier and so many health benefits can be achieved through the presence of HMOs in breast milk. Infant growth is indirectly or directly dependent on so many compounds of the biological and chemical composition of mother milk, HMOs are one of them. The genetic background of the mothers and the diversity of HMOs are determined and the non-secretor mothers secrete lower HMOs than secretor mothers. The breastfed infants of secretor mothers gain more health benefits than those of non-secretor mothers. Here the study critically reviewed the role of HMOs in proper growth, immune system, and development in ensuring the health impact of infants and toddlers. The study also focuses on current knowledge of the HMOs study and the beneficial effect of HMOs types and their importance to infant growth and protection against NEC. HMOs are applied now in infant formulas to imitative nutrition composition of breast milk and their study and challenges are vastly discussed in a specific manner in the human study. In conclusion, it is stated that the supplementation of infant formula with 2′-FL and LNnT is a promising innovation for infant nutrition.

Anti-adhesive effect and safety of a thermosensitive adhesion barrier (Mediclore) for thyroid surgery: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

PurposePostoperative adhesions after thyroidectomy adversely affect patients’ quality of life. This study assessed the anti-adhesive effect and safety of thermosensitive sol-gel agents for patients undergoing thyroidectomy.MethodsA double-blind parallel-group randomized clinical trial involving patients aged 20–70 years undergoing thyroidectomy for thyroid nodules was conducted. From August 2017 to April 2020, 90 patients were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 45, thermosensitive sol-gel agent applied to the surgical site) and control (n = 45, no treatment) groups in a 1:1 ratio. All patients were assessed using a questionnaire for swallowing difficulty, wrinkle problems, and inflammation at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after thyroid surgery. For reoperated patients, the degree of adhesion was evaluated according to the adhesion-evaluation score system (range, 0–4).ResultsDuring the follow-up period of 6.50 ± 1.38 months, the swallowing difficulty, wrinkle problem, and inflammation were improved in both groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the control and experimental groups related to swallowing difficulty, wrinkle problems, and inflammation. Two patients in the control group and 1 in the experimental group who underwent reoperation had an adhesion-evaluation score of 3 points. There were no adverse effects or allergic reactions.ConclusionA thermosensitive sol-gel agent can be safely used as an anti-adhesive barrier. However, this study did not reveal its efficacy for postoperative adhesions. A more objective and systematic study is required in the future.

Polyphenols could be Effective in Exerting a Disinfectant-Like Action on Bioprosthetic Heart Valves, Counteracting Bacterial Adhesiveness.

Background:The incidence of infective endocarditis in patients with bioprosthetic heart valves is over 100 times that of the general population with S. aureus recognized as the causative organism in approximately 1/3 of cases. In this study, (1) the microbicidal and virucidal effect of a polyphenolic solution was carefully evaluated. The same solution was then adopted for the treatment of a commercial bioprosthetic heart valve model for (2) the assessment of inhibition of S. aureus adhesiveness.Methods:(1) the viability of 9 microorganisms strains (colony-forming units) and the infectivity degree of 3 viral strains (cellular infection capacity) were evaluated after suspension in the polyphenolic solution. (2) Leaflets from a treated and untreated commercial surgical valve model were incubated with a known concentration of S. aureus. After incubation, the leaflets were homogenized and placed in specific culture media to quantify the bacterial load.Results:(1) The polyphenolic solution proved to be effective in eliminating microorganisms strains guaranteeing the killing of at least 99.9%. The effectiveness is particularly relevant against M. chelonae (99.999%). (2) The polyphenol-based treatment resulted in the inhibition of the S. aureus adhesiveness by 96% concerning untreated samples.Conclusions:The data suggest an interesting protective effect against infections and bacterial adhesiveness by a polyphenolic-based solution. Further studies will plan to extend the panel of microorganisms for the evaluation of the anti-adhesive effect; however, the use of optimized polyphenolic blends could lead to the development of new treatments capable to make transcatheter-valve substitutes more resistant to infection.

Anti-adhesive effect of chondrocyte-derived extracellular matrix surface-modified with poly-L-lysine.

After an injury, soft tissue structures in the body undergo a natural healing process through specific phases of healing. Adhesions occur as abnormal attachments between tissues and organs through the formation of blood vessels and/or fibrinous adhesions during the regenerative repair process. In this study, we developed an adhesion-preventing membrane with an improved physical protection function by modifying the surface of chondrocyte-derived extracellular matrices (CECM) with anti-adhesion function. We attempted to change the negative charge of the CECM surface to neutral using poly-L-lysine (PLL) and investigated whether it blocked fibroblast adhesion to it and showed an improved anti-adhesion effect in animal models of tissue adhesion. The surface of the membrane was modified with PLL coating (PLL 10), which neutralized the surface charge. We confirmed that the surface characteristics except for the potential difference were maintained after the modification and tested cell attachment in vitro. Adhesion inhibition was identified in a peritoneal adhesion animal model at 1week and in a subcutaneous adhesion model for 4weeks. Neutralized CECM (N-CECM) suppressed fibroblast and endothelial cell adhesion in vitro and inhibited abdominal adhesions in vivo. The CECM appeared to actively inhibit the infiltration of endothelial cells into the injured site, thereby suppressing adhesion formation, which differed from conventional adhesion barriers in the mode of action. Furthermore, the N-CECM remained intact without degradation for more than 4weeks in vivo and exerted anti-adhesion effects for a long time. This study demonstrated that PLL10 surface modification rendered a neutral charge to the polymer on the extracellular matrix surface, thereby inhibiting cell and tissue adhesion. Furthermore, this study suggests a means to modify extracellular matrix surfaces to meet the specific requirements of the target tissue in preventing post-surgical adhesions.

4-Arm PEG-Functionalized Decellularized Pericardium for Effective Prevention of Postoperative Adhesion in Cardiac Surgery.

Postoperative adhesions are a very common and serious complication in cardiac surgery, and the development of an effective anti-adhesion membrane showing resistance to the physical stimulus generated by the pulsation of the heart is desirable. In this study, an anti-adhesion material was developed through amine coupling between decellularized bovine pericardia (dBPCs) and 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol) succinimidyl glutarate (4-arm PEG-NHS) for the postoperative care of cardiac surgical patients. The efficacy of the 4-arm PEG-functionalized dBPCs in the prevention of adhesions after cardiac surgery was investigated in a rabbit heart adhesion model. The dBPCs meet the requirements for biocompatibility, flexibility, and sufficient suturable strength, and the 4-arm PEG moieties provide an anti-adhesion effect by the high excluded volume interactions of the PEG chains with proteins. The 4-arm PEG-functionalized dBPCs had a significantly greater anti-adhesion effect than the other materials tested and showed re-establishment of the mesothelial monolayer. These results suggested that the 4-arm PEG-functionalized dBPCs are a favorable material for an anti-adhesion membrane.

Interference of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum With Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the Infected Burns in Wistar Rats.

Burns are the most prevalent type of trauma in the world, and they have a high fatality rate. For cutaneous wound healing, modern and natural therapies, particularly probiotic supplements, have lately been considered. The goal of this study was to see how Lactiplantibacillus plantarum affected wound healing as well as the antibacterial activity of probiotic lactobacilli against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The glass slide method was used to assess anti-adhesion activity, and the high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to quantify anti-adhesion chemicals in cell-free supernatant. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa was administered subcutaneously directly on the burn after induction of second-degree wounds. Three groups of animals were created. Every day, the supernatants were sprayed for therapy, and the wound healing was monitored. Lactobacilli bacteria had good anti-adhesion effects on P. aeruginosa, according to our findings, and high-performance liquid chromatography research revealed that their inhibitory effect could be attributable to four main organic acids: lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, and succinic acid. When the effect of treatments on fibroblastic cells was examined, it was discovered that the group treated with L. plantarum supernatants had the most fibroblastic cells when compared to the nontreated group. Furthermore, the bacteria increased the number of fibroblastic cells, re-epithelialization in the wound area, and the thickness of the epidermis and dermis layers. Lactobacilli bacteria's antimicrobial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa was determined by prevents infection. These findings revealed that L. plantarum can treat a P. aeruginosa infection in a second-degree burn and can significantly reduce inflammation.

Prevention of Intra-Abdominal Adhesions Using the Combination of Mediclore® and a Statin

Purpose: This study investigated the antiadhesive effects of Mediclore®, rosuvastatin, and a combination of Mediclore and rosuvastatin in a rat adhesion model. Methods: The adhesion models (a total of 58 adult male rats) were divided into 4 groups. The control group (group C) received no special materials except for a saline. The experimental groups were treated with 5 mL of Mediclore (group M), rosuvastatin (group R), or rosuvastatin and Mediclore (group RM), and these materials were intraperitoneally placed under the incision. At postoperative day 14, the rats underwent re-laparotomy and adhesiolysis. Three investigators blinded to group assignment scored the extent of adhesion formation, the numbers of remote adhesions, and the extent of acute/chronic inflammation, fibrosis, edema, and congestion on resected specimens via histologic examination. Results: The macroscopic adhesion score in group RM (7.27 ± 3.51) was significantly lower than those in groups C (13.36 ± 2.24) and R (11.71 ± 1.98); group M (9.13 ± 4.09) had a significantly lower adhesion score than group C. The number of remote adhesions was significantly lower in groups R and RM than in group C. The acute inflammation score, chronic inflammation score, and fibrosis score in group RM; the acute inflammation score in group R; and the fibrosis score in group M were significantly lower than those in group C. Conclusion: The intraperitoneal application of Mediclore and a combination of Mediclore and rosuvastatin effectively reduced postoperative adhesions.