Anti Acne Research Articles

UJI ANTIBAKTERI DAN FORMULASI SEDIAAN MASKER ANTI JERAWAT YANG MENGANDUNG KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmanni Nees &T. Nees )

Cinnamon contains eugenol and cinnamaldehyde compounds and is widely used as an anti acne. The aim of this research make cinnamon maskers which has antibacterial power of Staphylococus aureus, to know the effect of cinnamon maskers storage to quality, and know Cinnamomum burmanii maskers prefered by panelist. Cinnamon extract is made by maceration method, Test the antibacterial activity of maskers by diffusion method. The evaluation of maskers is done stability test at room temperature (25 o C-30 o C) and temperature 40 o C for 8 weeks, and test prefered by panelists. Cinnamon extract maskers is made with various concentrations of formula 1 with cinnamon extract 0%, formula 2 with 8% concentration, formula 3 with 10% concentration and formula 4 with 12% concentration, and tetracycline is control. The results of the study were known maskers with cinnamon 12% concentration most effective as an antibacterial with average of 16 mm diameter and most preferred, stable at room temperature 25 o C-30 o C and 40 o C for 8 weeks. pH of Maskers ranges from 5.31 to 6.89 which is still the normal range for pH of the preparation. Key words : Pandan fragrance, Streptococcus mutans , mouthwash

Formulasi Masker Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Sebagai Anti Jerawat

Abstract Background: Mask is one of the effective facial skin cleanser. Mask has merit as deep cleansing,it’s cleaning the dirt on the skin layer deeper, binds skin cells that have died, refine pores of the skin, clean the remnants of excess fat on the surface of the skin’s face, reduce skin irritation, smoothing layer outer skin and nourish the skin, so it looks bright. This study uses papaya leaf extract has a content of the enzyme papain, alkaloids, pseudokapain, glikosid, karposid and saponins. Alkaloid contained in papaya leaves is a kind karpain which has anti bacterial activity. The advantages of the mask is the method of production can be prepared in a simple way. Masks in this study is made in the form of powder to make it easier to use and storage. Method: This study have purpose to determine the results of mask powder formulation of papaya leaf extract as an anti acne that meet the test parameters include physical, organoleptic test, water content test, pH test, and flow rate of irritation test. Result: This research is experimental observation. The results of organoleptic test mask bone-white powder, scented roses and soft textured, the results of water content of 7.5%, a flow rate of over 9 seconds, pH of 6.35. Conclusion: The results of irritation test to the 20 olunteers did not show any reaction of irritation.

Development of Anti Acne Cream (w/o/w Multiple Emulsion) Containing Green Tea Leaf Waste

Background: To date, green tea leaf waste is not well utilized, the waste is remain considered as a waste. Previous studies found that green tea leaf waste still have a fairly high EGCG content. EGCG has benefits as an antibacterial. Utilization of green tea leaf waste started from formulation until the diversification of multiple emulsion w/o/w products has not been reported.Objective: To develop anti acne cream (W/O/W) multiple emulsion containing green tea leaf waste and evaluate its antibacterial activity against acne-inducing bacteria of Propionibacterium acnes (P.acnes).Methods: Phase one of this research was green tea leaves was extracted by infundation and fractionation method using ethyl acetate and prepared in different concentration (1% to 6%). The second stage was ethyl acetate fraction of green tea leaf extract was tested for its antibacterial activity against P.acnes. Third stage was tested physical properties of formulation with w/o/w multiple emulsion.Results: The optimal antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction of green tea leaf extract against P.acne was at the concentration of 6%, with inhibition zone of 32.6 mm ±0.57. The formula of w/o/w multiple emulsion loaded with green tea leaves waste of 6% active substance demonstrated a good physical properties which can spread 90.4 cm2 ± 0.03, pH 5.00 ± 0.02 and microscopic analysis showed multiple emulsion w/o/w.Conclusion: The concentration of 6% green tea leaf waste formulated in multiple emulsion had a good physical and antibacterial activity for a referred standard. It is necessary to test the stability of multiple emulsion formula.

Short Communication: Selected medicinal plants in East and North Kalimantan (Indonesia) against Propionibacterium acnes

Abstract. Arung ET, Pasedan WF, Kusuma IW, Hendra M, Supriadi MB. 2017. Short Communication: Selected medicinal plants in East and North Kalimantan (Indonesia) against Propionibacterium acnes. Biodiversitas 18: 321-325. Based on community based research on ethnomedicine local knowledge and medicinal plant in Indonesia by Medicinal Plant and Traditional Medicine Research and Development Center of Indonesian Ministry of Helath in 2012 and 2015, various data on medicinal plants including for cosmetic in all Indonesia region has been collected. There are 38 medicinal plants use for skin care/cosmetics. This study focused on some selected medicinal plants used by several Dayak ethnic groups in East and North Kalimantan, Indonesia for cosmetic, especially for anti-acne. Four plants were selected for evaluating its property on anti-acne, namely Crotalaria pallida, Lepisanthes amoena, Premna corymbosa, and Vitex pinnata by well diffusion and dilution methods. The zone inhibition (mm) against Propionibacterium acnes of these leaves extract on anti-acne at 1000 mg/mL was 9.33; 16.44; 13.78; 11.00 mm, respectively and chlorampenicol (positive control) was 29.44 mm at 500 mg/mL. These results were in line with traditional used by Dayak tribes in East and North Kalimantan, Indonesia.
 Keywords: Anti acne, cosmetic, medicinal plants, traditional medicine

Efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy in the Treatment of Facial Acne Vulgaris: Comparison of Two Different Fluences.

Background:Acne vulgaris is the most common disease of the skin affecting adolescents and young adults causing psychological distress. The combination of antibiotic resistance, adverse effects of topical and systemic anti acne medications and desire for high tech approaches have all led to new enthusiasm for light based acne treatment. Intense pulse light (IPL) therapy has three modes of action in acne vulgaris i.e., photochemical, photo thermal and photo immunological.Aims:(1) to study efficacy of IPL therapy in facial acne vulgaris. (2) To compare two fluences - one normal and other subnormal on right and left side of face respectively.Methods:(Including settings and design and statistical analysis used). Total 45 patients in age group 16 to 28 years with inflammatory facial acne vulgaris were included in prospective study. Baseline data for each patient was recorded. All patients were given 4 sittings of IPL at 2 weeks interval and were followed for 2 months every 2 weeks. Fluence used was 35J/cm2 on right and 20J/cm2 on left side. Percentage reduction in lesion count was calculated at each sitting and follow up and graded as mild (0-25%), moderate (26-50%), good (51-75%) and excellent (76-100%). Side effects were noted. The results were analysed using Mann-Whitney Test.Results:On right side, excellent results were achieved in 10(22%), good in 22(49%) and moderate in 13(29%) patients. On left side excellent were results achieved in 7(15%), good in 19(42%) and moderate in 16(43%) patients. There was no statically significant difference noted in efficacy of two fluences used in treatment of facial acne vulgaris.Conclusions:IPL is a effective and safe option for inflammatory acne vulgaris with minimal reversible side effects. Subnormal fluence is as effective as normal fluence in Indian skin.

Transdermal absorption enhancing effect of the essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis on percutaneous absorption of Na diclofenac from topical gel

Context: Rosemary essential oil has been used topically for several purposes (analgesic, anti acne, and anti-inflammatory) in Iranian traditional medicine.Objectives: This investigation aimed to study the effect of essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) on the transdermal absorption of Na diclofenac from topical gel.Material and methods: Diclofenac sodium topical gel was prepared with HPMC K4M and Carbopol 934P as a gelling agent, and several vehicles. The most stable gel was chosen and enhancing effects of the essential oil with different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% w/w) on the permeation of diclofenac were evaluated. The anti-nociceptive effect of preparations was evaluated based on the formalin and tail flick tests in mice.Results: The major constituents of the essential oil were 1,8-cineol (15.96%), α-pinene (13.38%), camphor (7.87%), bornyl acetate (6.54%), verbenone (5.82%), borneol (5.23%), camphene (4.96%), and (E)-caryophyllene (3.8%). Topical diclofenac containing 0.5% essential oil showed more analgesic effect after 25, 30, and 35 min (p < 0.001) than the reference drug in the tail flick test. The analgesic effect of preparation containing 1% essential oil was more than reference gel after 15 min (p < 0.05). This difference was observed after 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 min (p < 0.001) too. Rosemary essential oil 1% promoted analgesic effect of drug in comparison with diclofenac gel in the formalin early phase (p < 0.05). The enhancing effect of rosemary was observed in 0.5 and 1% concentration (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) in the late phase.Conclusion: This study proved the enhancing effect of 0.5 and 1% of rosemary essential oil on diclofenac percutaneous absorption.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIACNE CREAM CONTAINING WITHANIA SOMNIFERA

Acne vulgaris is a disease of pilosebaceous unit which is characterized by non - inflam matory and inflammatory lesions. Common therapies that are used for the treatment of acne include topical, systemic, hormonal, herbal and comb ination therapy. So, for the treatment of acne h erbal anti acne cream is prepared containing Withania somnifera extract, which is known for its anti - inflamma tory action and antioxidant property. Herbal medications are considered safer than allopathic medic ines because allopathic medications are associated with different side - effects such as allergy, local irritation, scaling, photosensitivity reaction, itching, peeling , redness etc. The study includes macroscopical and m icroscopical evaluation of Withania s omnifera contai ning ash value, loss on drying , water extractive value , Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy. The prepared formula t io n was optimized on the basis of in vitro rele ase study. T he optimized formulation was evaluated on the basis of greasiness , spreadability , after feel , skin irritancy , viscosity, pH and release kinetics. Anti bacterial s tudy by disc diffusion technique was performed. The result obtained was zone of inhibition of test 25.66 ± 1.12 and 5.89 ± 1.18 at 500 ppm , this proved that optimized formulation has possible anti acne property. So, further investigation such as in vivo studies will help this formulation to be a potential candidate as marketed product.

Comparative study of anti acne activity in two varieties of genus Achillea

Comparative study of anti acne activity in two varieties of genus Achillea

Screening and Characterization of Achillea millefolium and Veronicastrum virginicum for Their Anti Acne and Anti Aging Activity

Acne vulgaris is a common disorder especially seen on the onset of adulthood. The search for plant based remedies for the treatment of this disease has always been of interest to cosmetic science. The market for anti-aging products is also growing at a tremendous pace. My research focuses on investigating into anti acne and anti aging activity of four different extracts of whole herb powder of A. millefolium and root powder extracts V.virginicum. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) has been established for the anti microbial activity against the two acne causing organisms, Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidemidis. The ethanolic extract for both plants demonstrated the highest free radical scavenging activity. Further tests to measure antioxidant and anti-melanogenetic activity will also be performed. Anti-elastase activity will also be studied to investigate into the anti aging potential of these plants. Finally, phytochemical screening of the various extract for both the plants would be carried out for identification and characterization of compounds present. These results would help to determine potent anti acne and anti aging plant candidates.

ANTIACNE EFFECT OF POLYHERBAL GEL FORMULATION IN MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS

Acne vulgaris is the common est skin disorder to affect humans, characterized by both non - inflammatory (comedones) and inflammatory lesions (papules, pustules, and nodulocystic lesions). Topical gel formulation has been developed containing Barleria prionitis, Butea monosperma, Casua rina equisetifolia, Dalbergia sissoo and Lagenaria siceraria . In vivo antiacne activity was performed for the formulation s using male sprague dawley rats. Physical observations were carried out at regular intervals on the ra t ear and progressive fa ding of comedo was found on treated animals . T est group show ed significant improvement on comedo reduction of rat pinna observed photographically. Test group showed a significant i mprovement compared to standard . The presen t study scientifically evaluates the anti acne potential of the herbs as a single entity as well as i n combination using in vivo methods. The results obtained will help in identification and isolation of bioactive constituents for treating the ro ot causes

Alkaloids and Flavonoids of Aerial Parts of Ipomea pes-tigridis (Convolvulaceae) are Potential Inhibitors of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes

Aerial parts of Ipomea pes-tigridis were extracted by soxhlet extraction and then subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. Results exposed similar kind of phytochemicals in the methanolic extract of all the parts. This was further confirmed by thin layer chromatographic analysis. Hence the extracts were pooled and screened for anti-bacterial activity against routine bacterial strains and then the anti acne activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. It was observed that S. epidermidis was more susceptible to the extract than P. acnes as the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined to be 96 μg.mL−1 and 100 μg.mL−1 respectively. Bioautography performed revealed that alkaloids and flavonoids were the potent inhibitors of these micro organisms. The anti-inflammatory activity was screened showed that 100 mg.kg−1 as the most effective dose.

The Effect of Addition of Antioxidant to The Stability of Green Tea Water Extract As Anti Acne

There are so many potential effects that green tea, such as antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes, that caused acne. In the previous study, green tea had been made in gel. In this study, formula of green tea water extract gel is developed with addition of antioxidant so that stability of the gel would increase. Gel of green tea water extract were made using Carbopol 940 with glycerin as the solvent. The chosen antioxidant was sodium sulfite. It is also combined with chelating agent, EDTA (Edetic Acid). The activity of green tea water extract gel was determined and tetracycline HCl gel was used as the reference. The addition of sodium sulfite 1% w/w into gel with Carbopol 940 1% w/w as the base prevent the change of color in more than eight weeks. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of green tea water extract without either sodium sulfite or EDTA was 1.20 ± 0.11 cm against Propionibacterium acne. MIC of green tea water extract with addition of sodium sulfite 1% w/w was 1.19 ± 0.28 cm. MIC of green tea water extract with addition of sodium sulfite 1% w/w and EDTA 0.1% w/w was 1.25 ± 0.22 cm. The addition of sodium sulfite 1% w/w caused viscosity of gel decrease 42.1%. The addition of sodium sulfite 1% w/w increased the color stability of green tea water extract. The addition of sodium sulfite 1% w/w didn’t decrease its antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes.Keywords: green tea, anti acne, Propionibacterium acnes, gel, antioxidant

FORMULASI DAN UJI KESTABILAN FISIK SUSPENSI TOPIKAL YANG MENGANDUNG EKSTRAK NERII FOLIUM SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI DALAM SEDIAAN ANTI JERAWAT

Nerium oleander is one of the plants that can be developed to be a herbal medicine because the leaf extract has an antibacterial activity against some microorganisms and empirically had been used to solve the acne problem. The anti acne formulation should not make the acne worse because of mistaken to choose the dosage form. The suspension dosage form (has no oil content makes the acne worse) containing the dried leaf extract of Nerium oleander in 97% alcohol was chosen to be formulated by varying respectively carbomer, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose and tragacanth as a suspending agent. The concentration of Nerii folium extract in the suspension was based on the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of the extract against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus. The evaluation of the formula was done by physical stability test including organoleptic test (color and odor), pH, volume of sedimentation, mean particle diameter size, viscosity stored in low temperature of 4oC, room tperature of 28oC, and high temperature of 40oC, cycling test and mechanical test.The results showed that suspension with sodium carboxy methyl cellulose as the suspending agent has better physical stability than carbomer or tragacanth.