Anthropometry Measurements Research Articles

Comparative evaluation of the results of anthropometric indicators and measurements of body composition by bioimpedancemetry

Background. Various anthropometric and instrumental methods are used to assess the correspondence between height and body weight of a person.
 Aim. Carrying out a comparative assessment of the results of anthropometric indicators and bioimpedance analysis among men and women fitness center visitors.
 Material and methods. A cross-sectional study of 58 men and 62 women was carried out. Participants underwent standard anthropometry (measurement of height with a stadiometer; body weight with an electronic scale; measurement of waist circumference and hip circumference with a centimeter tape) and bioimpedancemetry. Statistical processing was carried out by non-parametric methods: to study the relationship between the phenomena, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used, the differences in the average indicators were calculated by the Student's t-test, relative indicators by the Pearson 2 test, the differences were considered statistically significant at p 0.05.
 Results. Correlation analysis of the main calculated anthropometric and bioimpedance parameters established a strong relationship between body mass index and adipose tissue content (r=0.87). According to the data of bioimpedance analysis in the group of men, there was a significant predominance of muscle mass over fat, both in normal and overweight (p 0.0001). In the course of a comparative assessment of body mass index and bioimpedance analysis indicators, it was found that the use of body mass index is more often associated with overdiagnosis of overweight (p=0.0067). In the group of women, bioimpedancemetry analysis showed the predominance of muscle tissue over adipose tissue only with a normal body mass index, with overweight, the predominance of adipose tissue was found (p 0.0001). According to the results of bioimpedancemetry, the frequency of the norm decreased by 1.5 times compared with the body mass index (p=0.0017), the proportion of obesity increased by 4 times (p=0.0017) and the proportion of overweight almost 1.4 times.
 Conclusion. A comprehensive assessment of the body composition by bioimpedancemetry in men established the predominance of muscle mass over fat, which made it possible to reduce the frequency of overdiagnosis of excess body weight by 2 times; in women, body mass index was associated with underdiagnosis of overweight.

Association of Perceived Neighbourhood Walkability with Self-Reported Physical Activity and Body Mass Index in South African Adolescents.

Adolescence is a life stage critical to the establishment of healthy behaviours, including physical activity (PA). Factors associated with the built environment have been shown to impact PA across the life course. We examined the sociodemographic differences in, and associations between, perceived neighbourhood walkability, PA, and body mass index (BMI) in South African adolescents. We recruited a convenience sample (n = 143; 13-18 years; 65% female) of students from three high schools (middle/high and low-income areas). Participants completed a PA questionnaire and the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS)-Africa and anthropometry measurements. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine various relationships. We found that, compared with adolescents living in middle/high income neighbourhoods, those living in low-income neighbourhoods had lower perceived walkability and PA with higher BMI percentiles. The associations between neighbourhood walkability and PA were inconsistent. In the adjusted models, land use diversity and personal safety were associated with club sports participation, street connectivity was positively associated with school sports PA, and more favourable perceived walkability was negatively associated with active transport. Overall, our findings suggest that the perceived walkability of lower income neighbourhoods is worse in comparison with higher income neighbourhoods, though the association with PA and BMI is unclear.

Comparable Hemodilution with Hypertonic Glucose in Patients with and without Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus during Hemodialysis.

(1) Background: It was examined whether glucose-induced changes in the relative blood volume are suitable to identify subjects with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) during hemodialysis. (2) Methods: The relative blood volume was continuously recorded during hemodialysis and perturbed by the infusion of glucose comparable to the dose used for intravenous glucose tolerance tests. Indices of glucose metabolism were determined by the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). Body composition was measured by a bioimpedance analysis. The magnitude and the time course of hemodilution were described by a modified gamma variate model and five model parameters. (3) Results: A total of 34 subjects were studied, 14 with and 20 without T2D. The magnitude of the hemodilution and the selected model parameters correlated with measures of anthropometry, body mass index, absolute and relative fat mass, volume excess, baseline insulin concentration, and HOMA indices such as insulin resistance and glucose disposition in a continuous analysis, but were not different in a dichotomous analysis of patients with and without T2D. (4) Conclusions: Even though the parameters of the hemodilution curve were correlated with measures of impaired glucose metabolism and body composition, the distinction between subjects with and without T2D was not possible using glucose-induced changes in the relative blood volume during hemodialysis.

Associations between dietary intake and physical activity, as behavioral indicators, with body fat in adolescents from Mexico.

the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases is currently a priority due to its relationship with COVID-19 complications. Unhealthy lifestyles, like inadequate diet and physical inactivity, are the cornerstone for obesity and cardiometabolic risk. to examine the association between diet and physical activity with body fat in Mexican adolescents. the study was cross-sectional. Data included socio-demographic variables, health history and smoking habit obtained through questionnaires; blood pressure and anthropometry measurements; food and nutrient intake through 24-hour recalls; and physical activities through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Univariate analyses were used and multiple models were built by stepwise forward selection (p ≤ 0.05 and biological plausibility). participants were n = 230 students, 18.5 ± 0.4 years and 54.8 % men. Three models associated with body fat were obtained. In the first model, saturated fatty acids (β = 0.30, p = 0.028) were significant positive associated, while vigorous physical activity was significant negative associated as a protective factor (β = -0.007, p = 0.023). In the second model, total fat (β = 0.17, p = 0.005) was significant positive associated, and vigorous physical activity was significant negative associated (β = -0.007, p = 0.023). The third model included fruits and vegetables (β = -5.49, p = 0.092) and vigorous physical activity (β = -0.006, p = 0.058) as protective factors. dietary intake of total fat and saturated fatty acids, and vigorous physical activity, were significantly associated with body fat, while fruits and vegetables trended toward significance, in Mexican adolescents. Community-based programs that promote intake of protective foods and reduction of risky foods, and encourage vigorous physical activity, are needed in adolescents.

PS-BPP02-8: BRIDGING THE GAPS IN HYPERTENSION CARE IN NIGERIA: END-LINE EVALUATION OF COMMUNITY ACTION AGAINST NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (COMAAND) PROJECT

Title: Bridging the Gaps in Hypertension care in Nigeria: End-line Evaluation of COMmunity Action Against Non-communicable Diseases (COMAAND) Project Objective: Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) have become a global public health burden leading to at least 70% of deaths globally. Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the primary drivers of this epidemic, and hypertension is the leading determinant of CVD mortality. We implemented an innovative community-based strategy focused on early detection and timely management of hypertension in three communities in Anambra state, Nigeria entitled COMmunity Action Against Non-communicable Diseases (COMAAND). We conducted a baseline study to establish hypertension's prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in implementing communities. In this study, we set out to assess the same metrics we evaluated at baseline, and also compared them with the findings at baseline to establish the impact made by the project. Design and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey (at baseline and end-line) using an adapted version of the May Measurement Month (MMM) questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured following the 2018 ESC/ ESC Guideline for treatment of arterial hypertension, and anthropometry was taken in line with the Diet Anthropometry and Physical Activity (DAPA) measurement toolkits of the National institute for health research, Medical Research Council (MRC) the UK. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure (BP) > = 140/90 mmHg, and/or self-reported treatment of hypertension with antihypertensive medication in the last 2 weeks. Awareness of hypertension was defined as a self-report of any previous diagnosis of hypertension by a healthcare professional. Treatment of hypertension was self-reported use of prescription medication for management of hypertension during the previous 2 weeks. Control of hypertension is a pharmacological treatment of hypertension associated with an average BP < 140/90 mmHg Results: 360 participants were sampled across three participating communities, and are averagely 47 years old (there was no significant difference in the age of participants at end-line vs baseline. Body mass index and systolic BP reduced significantly at the end-line compared to baseline (23.8 kg/m2 vs 26.2 kg/m2, 130.1 mmHg vs 135.0 mmHg) respectively, as well as habits such as cigarette smoking and alcohol intake reduced at end-line compare to baseline (5.3% vs 26.6%, and 40.3% vs 62.1%) respectively. Hypertension prevalence reduced by 17.3%, Awareness increased by 36.8%, treatment increased by 111.1%, and control decreased by 18.6% at the end-line compared to baseline. Conclusion: COMAAND project has helped in bridging the gaps in hypertension care, especially in increasing awareness, and improving uptake of treatment.

Изучение возможностей 3D-моделирования поверхности тела для проведения клинической антропометрии и определения состава тела у людей с высоким метаболическим риском

Изучение возможностей 3D-моделирования поверхности тела для проведения клинической антропометрии и определения состава тела у людей с высоким метаболическим риском

High blood pressure pattern amongst adolescents in Lagos, South West Nigeria.

high blood pressure (HBP), once considered rare in adolescents is now a growing health problem. Usually asymptomatic in adolescents, if uncontrolled, can track into adulthood leading to various end-organ complications. In 2017, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published a new Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents to update the 2004 Fourth report. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of high blood pressure among adolescents in Mushin Local Government Area (LGA) using the 2017 AAP guidelines. a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted from August 2020 to December 2020. A two-stage sampling technique was used to select 1490 students aged 10 to 19 years, from 14 secondary schools. Socio-demographic information and relevant clinical data were obtained using a structured questionnaire. The anthropometry and blood pressure measurements were taken according to standard protocol (elevated blood pressure is systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90th percentile but ≤ 95th percentile for age, gender and height). Socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics were described with descriptive statistics. Categorical variables were summarized using frequency and percentages, while numerical variables were summarized using mean and standard deviation. The predictors of hypertension were determined using logistic regression analysis. study participants were 1490, 49.9% (744) were male and 50.1% (746) females (male: female ratio was 1: 1). Subjects mean age was 14.39 ± 2.79 years. There were 8.9% overweight and 1.7% obese participants. Prevalence of high blood pressure, elevated blood pressure and hypertension were 26.7% (n = 398), 13.8% (n = 205), and 12.9% (n = 193). Middle and late adolescence, when compared to early adolescence, significantly predicted the likelihood of high blood pressure; aOR 1.78, 95%CI: 1.20 - 2.63, p=0.004 and 3.90 (2.69 - 5.67, p=0.001 respectively). Similarly, male sex had increased odds for raised blood pressure when compared to female sex aOR 1.49,95% CI: 1.1 - 2.0, p= 0.009. the prevalence of high blood pressure, elevated blood pressure and hypertension amongst adolescents was high. Early detection and treatment will forestall development of complications.

The effectiveness of self-empowerment-based patient-centered care for obese students in primary services: A randomized controlled trial.

Self-empowerment-based patient-centered services with a coaching approach are imperative in the management of students with obesity. This study evaluated the applicability and effectiveness of self-empowerment-based patient-centered coaching for the weight loss program model for obese students. This randomized control trial recruited 60 obese students aged 17-22 years in Universitas Indonesia from August to December 2021. Intervention group subjects were coached by a health coach. Each health coach assisted four subjects with SMART model coaching in six meetings every 2 weeks through a zoom platform. Both groups had instructions on obesity, nutrition, and physical activity from specialist doctors online. Paired t-test or Mann-Whitney test, as appropriate, to compare the measurements of anthropometry, body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), food intake (food record form), physical activity (physical activity form), subjective well-being (subjective well-being questionnaire), and healthy behavior habits (satisfaction scale) between the two groups before and after the intervention. A total of 41 obese students completed the study, 23 from intervention group and 18 from the control group. The change in total body fat (-0.9 [-12.9, 0.70] vs. 0.0 [-6.9, 3.50], P = 0.02) and healthy behavior habit (13.5 ± 11.85 vs. 7.5 ± 8.08, P = 0.04) in the intervention group was significantly greater than in the control group. The change in satisfaction scale of hobby/passion (2 [-4.6] vs. 1 [-2.2], P = 0.02), movement exercise (2.3 ± 2.11 vs. 1.2 ± 1.93, P = 0.03), sleep rest (2 [-6.5] vs. 1 [-3.2], P = 0.01), and spiritual (1 [0.6] vs. 0 [-1.3], P = 0.00) was significantly higher in the coached group. A weight loss program for obese students was tested through self-empowerment-based patient-centered care with a coaching approach and has proven to effect changes in anthropometric indicators, body composition, self-empowerment, food intake, and physical activity.

Effects of 4-Week Supplementation of Oat on Body Mass Index, Waist-Hip Ratio and Physical Fitness Performance among Overweight University Students

Introduction: Overweight has become a serious health problem around the world and it is necessary to find the best strategic to prevent it. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oat consumption for four weeks on body mass index, waist-hip ratio and physical fitness performance among overweight university students. Methodology: A total of 30 subjects (age: 22.7 ± 1.9 years; body weight: 77.5 ± 16.6 kg; body mass index: 29.8 ± 4.8 kg.m-2) participated in this study. Subjects consumed oat twice a day for four weeks. Anthropometry measurements such as body mass index and waist-hip ratio were measured at pre and post of four week intervention study. Physical fitness performance tests such as push-up, sit-up and plank were also measured at pre and post of four weeks intervention study. Results: This study found there was a signification reduction in body weight and body mass index between pre and post of four weeks intervention study (p<0.05). Body weight and body mass index decreased by 1.16 ± 1.36 kg (1.50%) and 0.46 ± 0.48 kg/m2 (1.54%), respectively. However, there was no significant difference in waist-hip ratio between pre and post of four weeks intervention study (p>0.05). For physical fitness performance tests, there were significant improvements in the push-up, sit-up and plank test between the pre and post of four weeks intervention study (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study found that consumption of oat for four weeks was effective in reducing body weight, body mass index and improving physical fitness performance among overweight university students. However, more researches are still warranted to reconfirm these findings at different population and intervention protocols.

Maternal plasma transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and newborn size: the Araraquara Cohort Study

ObjectiveTo investigate associations of maternal and cord blood cytokine patterns with newborn size and body composition. MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 70 pregnant women and their healthy newborns selected from the “Araraquara Cohort Study”. Newborn anthropometric measurements were recorded at birth. Body composition was evaluated by air displacement plethysmography. Maternal blood samples were collected from pregnant women between 30 and 36 weeks of gestation, and umbilical cord blood samples were collected immediately after placenta discharge. The concentrations of the cytokines were determined in plasma by ELISA. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess associations between maternal and cord blood cytokine concentrations and newborn anthropometry and body composition measurements. ResultsMaternal plasma TGF-β1 concentration was inversely associated with newborn weight (β = -43.0; p = 0.012), length (β = -0.16, p = 0.028), head circumference (β = -0.13, p = 0.004), ponderal index (β = -0.32, p = 0.011) and fat-free mass (β = -0.05, p = 0.005). However, the association persisted just for head circumference (β = -0.26; p = 0.030) and ponderal index (β = - 0.28; p = 0.028), after adjusting for pre-gestational BMI, gestational weight gain, gestational age, hours after delivery, newborn sex, smoking and alcohol consumption. ConclusionsMaternal plasma TGF-β1 concentration may be involved in the regulation of newborn size, mainly head circumference and ponderal index. Further cohort studies are necessary to investigate the role of TGF-β1 in different trimesters of pregnancy and its effect during the early stages of fetal development.

Longitudinal trends in lipid profile in indian children and youth with type-1 diabetes: a 5-year follow up from a single centre.

High prevalence of dyslipidaemia in children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes (T1D) places them at increased risk of developing atherosclerosis leading to mortality caused by cardiovascular disease(CVD). Thus, screening for fasting blood lipids when diabetes is stabilized in children aged 11 years and above is routinely recommended with follow-up every 5 years. (1) To characterize the lipid profile of children and adolescents with respect to diabetes duration. (2) To describe longitudinal changes in lipid profile over a 5-year period in patients with T1D. This longitudinal 5-year follow-up study included 112 patients with T1D aged 3-18 years. Demographic data, anthropometry and laboratory measurements were performed using standard protocols at baseline and endline. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia in our study was 49.5% with abnormal LDL as the most frequently deranged parameter. Duration of illness played a major role in deterioration of lipid profile mediated by triglyceride and VLDL. Duration of illness and fibre intake in diet significantly predicted the change in lipid profile which were driven by triglycerides and VLDL. Glycemic control, insulin sensitivity and serum TSH also significantly altered components of lipid profile with no impact on overall dyslipidaemia. A total of 6.5% subjects had LDL concentrations >130 mg/dl and the same proportion had non-HDL cholesterol concentrations >145 mg/dl at baseline while at endline, 11.9% subjects had LDL concentrations >130 mg/dl and 15.6% subjects had non-HDL cholesterol concentrations >145 mg/dl. 28.6% subjects with LDL > 130 mg/dl and non-HDL cholesterol >145 mg/dl at baseline had persistently elevated concentrations while 10.3% and 14.4% additional subjects developed elevated LDL and non-HDL cholesterol concentrations respectively during the study period. The deterioration of lipid profile in T1D, due to increase in disease duration was chiefly mediated by increase in serum triglyceride and VLDL concentrations which may be prevented by improving glycaemic control, insulin sensitivity and fibre intake in diet.

The Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Young Adults in Terengganu: A Cross-Sectional Study

Overweight and obesity are becoming increasingly prevalent in both industrialized and developing countries across the world [1]. Globally, over 1.9 billion adults aged 18 and above were overweight. Over 650 million of them seem to be obese in where 39% of people aged 18 and above were overweight, with 13% being obese (WHO,2019). Meanwhile, the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) revealed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Malaysians aged 18 and older was 50.1 % in 2019 [2]. The BMI classifications of overweight and obesity are as shown: ≥25.0 kg/ as overweight; 25.0 to 29.2 kg/ as pre-obese; 30.0 to 34.9 kg/ as obesity class I; 35.0 to 39.9 kg/ as obesity class II; and ≥40.0 kg/ as obesity class III [3].&#x0D; &#x0D; The objective of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults in Terengganu. A total of 153 individuals aged 18–40 years old from Terengganu were involved in this study and the data were collected using pre-tested self-administered questionnaire from NHMS 2014. The survey was conducted online where all the answers was self-reported. The nutritional status of the participants was assessed using anthropometry measurements by self-measured height (cm) and weight (kg). The measurement was done by using their own measuring scales.&#x0D; The respondents (mean age 22.2 ± 5.4 years) were predominantly female (76.5%), Malay (51.0%) and single (94.8%). Most of the participants are from B40 category (64.7%) where their monthly household income is less than RM 4,850. Meanwhile, most of the participants were staying in their own house (57.5%) and the other participants were staying at rental house (17.0%) and hostel (25.5%). The mean body weight and height of the participants were 59.4 kg and 160.0 cm respectively. The mean BMI of the participants is 23.0 kg/ which is normal range. The participants were overweight (7.8% of male and 13.1% of female), and obesity was 3.3% among males and 4.6% among females. &#x0D; Similarly, in 2017–2018, the prevalence of severe obesity among adults in the United States (US) was 9.2 %, with women having a greater prevalence (11.5%) than men (6.9% ). Participants aged 40–59 years old (11.5%) had the highest frequency of severe obesity. Moreover, obesity is prevalent in France, according to a few studies, with figures ranging from 15 to 17.2% of adults [4].&#x0D; &#x0D; Obesity is a prominent health concern for a range of diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, some malignancies, and decreased life expectancy and death [5]. Hence, the rise in obesity in Malaysia highlights the necessity of public programs aimed at preventing obesity in adults and promoting healthy behaviours in Malaysian population.

The Comparison of Anthropometry and Quality of Life Before and During Ramadan Fasting Among Healthy Adult Population in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu

Ramadan fasting is a tenet of Islam where eating, drinking, taking medication and engaging in sexual activities are prohibited for all Muslims during daylight1. This religious fasting changed the food frequency and quantity, physical activity and sleep duration at night. Previous evidence has linked Ramadhan fasting with a positive effect on body weight was obseved2. In fact, increasing spiritual activities during this month might provide positive impact on emotion and mental health3. Therefore, this study aims to determine the comparison between anthropometry measurement and quality of life before and during Ramadhan fasting.&#x0D; &#x0D; This cross-sectional study was conducted on 84 healthy adult populations in Kuala Nerus. The mean age of participants was 22.57±3.8 years old with 85% of them were female and 15% were Malay male. The assessment of anthropometry consists of weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, total body water, total muscle mass and waist circumference. Waist circumference was obtained by measuring the narrowest part of torso or the midpoint between the last rib and hipbone using SECA measuring tape while height was assessed using stadiometer. Other anthropometric data were measured using Tanita BC-540 Body InnerScan, an electronic weighing scale with a precision of 0.1 kilograms. BMI is calculated by dividing weight (kg) by square of height (meter). The quality of life was assessed using a short form-36 questionnaire (SF-36) where eight domains of quality of life were included (physical functioning, role of limitation due to physical health, role of limitation due to emotional problem, energy/fatigue, emotional well-being, social functioning, pain and general health). All outcomes were measured twice; before Ramadan (one to two weeks prior to Ramadhan month) and during Ramadan (week 2 to 4 of Ramadhan month).&#x0D; &#x0D; Results revealed that body weight (p&lt;0.001) body mass index (BMI) (p&lt;0.001) and waist circumference (p=0.043) were significantly reduced during Ramadhan month with no significant changes in body fat percentage, total body water, and total muscle were evidenced among participants. For the quality of life, the domain of role limitations due to emotional problems has been observed to be improved during Ramadhan compared to before Ramadhan (p= 0.010). This study also found that body fat percentage was negatively correlated with physical functioning (r=-0.25, p=0.025) while waist circumference was positively correlated with energy level and fatigue (r= 0.25, p=0.025).&#x0D; This study provides evidence on the benefit of practicing Ramadan fasting among a healthy adult population where significant reduction of anthropometry (body weight, body mass index and waist circumference) and significant improvement of quality of life were observed. However, a wider population supported with biomarkers data is suggested for future studies to provide a better understanding in the benefit of Ramadhan Fasting on overall health.

The Profile of Anthropometric Components and Aerobic Capacity of Male and Female Wrestlers

This study aims to describe the anthropometric component profile and aerobic capacity of male and female wrestlers in the West Bandung Regency. This study uses a descriptive method with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample used accidental sampling as many as 15 people consisting of 10 men and 5 women. The data collection technique was carried out by conducting tests and measurements of anthropometry and VO2max through the bleep test. The results showed that there was no significant difference in anthropometric measurements between male and female wrestlers (sig&gt; 0.05), in the measurement of body mass index (BMI) results for male and female wrestlers, which were much lower than the ideal standard, in the VO2max measurement results for all samples ( 15 people) mostly (75%) were in the average category and only (27%) were in a good category. The last picture is that there is no significant correlation between Body Mass Index and aerobic capacity of male and female wrestlers

Associations of maternal insulin sensitivity during pregnancy with childhood central adiposity in the Genetics of Glucose regulation in Gestation and Growth (Gen3G) cohort.

Childhood obesity has been associated with prenatal exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia, but we lack understanding about maternal insulin physiologic components that contribute to this association. Evaluate the association between maternal insulin sensitivity during pregnancy and adiposity measures in childhood. In 422 mother-child pairs, we tested associations between maternal insulin sensitivity measures at ~26 weeks of pregnancy and child adiposity measures, including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition and anthropometry (body mass index and waist circumference) at ~5 years. We used linear regression analyses to adjust for maternal age, ethnicity, gravidity, first-trimester body mass index, and child sex and age at mid-childhood. In early pregnancy, maternal mean age was 28.6 ± 4.3 years and median body mass index was 24.1kg/m2 . Lower maternal insulin sensitivity indices were correlated with greater child adiposity based on anthropometry measures and on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry total and trunk % fat in univariate associations (r=-0.122 to -0.159). Lower maternal insulin sensitivity was specifically associated with higher dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry trunk % fat (n=359 for Matsuda; β=-0.034 ± 0.013; p=0.01) after adjustment for covariates, including maternal body mass index. Maternal insulin sensitivity during pregnancy may contribute to increased risk for higher offspring central adiposity in middle childhood.

Underweight and its associated factors among pediatrics attending HIV Care in South Gondar Zone public health facilities, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021

BackgroundMalnutrition associated with HIV infection is a complex condition, with HIV-positive children having a higher mortality rate than HIV-negative children, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in children. Data from a variety of situations are needed to counter this, but the evidence is limited, especially for the nutritional status of HIV-infected children. Therefore, this study aims to assess the magnitude of underweight and factors associated with it in children receiving antiretroviral therapy.MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-positive children in South Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and anthropometry measurement. Data were coded and entered into Epi-Data Version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with nutritional status and variables with p-values ˂0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were considered as statistically significant factors.ResultsOf 406 participants, 379 participant were included in the study, which corresponds to a response rate of 93.3%. About one-third (36.4%) of the caregivers were not first relatives and 162 (42.7%) were unable to read and write. Of the study participants, 101 (26.6%) had a CD4 count below the normal threshold. Ninety (23.7%) of those questioned did not follow any nutritional advice from health care workers. In this study, the prevalence of underweight was 106 (28%). In the multivariable analysis being younger age, having low CD4 count, having recurrent diarrhea, and having poor adherence to dietary advice was significantly associated with being underweight.ConclusionThis study found that the prevalence of underweight among HIV-positive children in south Gondar is significantly high. Therefore, HIV-positive pediatrics who are young, have low CD4 counts, have recurrent diarrhea, and do not adhere to dietary recommendations need to detect and monitor nutritional problems promptly.

The association between dietary diversity and anthropometric indices of children aged 24-59 months: A cross-sectional study in northern Ghana

The quality of diet has been shown to influence the nutritional status of children and women in some developing contexts. However, studies on the association between diet quality and the nutritional status of children aged 24-59 months are scanty in sub-Saharan Africa. More so, the conclusions from the few studies that are available are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to determine the association between the dietary diversity score (DDS) and the nutritional status of children aged 24-59 months in the Tolon District of Ghana. The study population included 200 child-mother pairs, randomly selected from 2 large rural communities in the Tolon district of Ghana. A single qualitative 24-hour recall (24HR) and semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect children’s data through face-to-face interviews with their mothers/caregivers. Anthropometry measures were used to define wasting (WHZ &lt; -2SD), underweight (WAZ &lt; -2SD) and stunting (HAZ &lt; -2SD). A summated DDS was based on the Food and Agriculture Organization’s 13 food groupings. Multiple linear regression models, adjusting for potential confounding variables (including the child’s age, sex, birth order, sickness, mother’s age, literacy and occupation, paternal age, occupation and household size, wealth and food security) were fitted to analyse the association between DDS and nutritional status (WHZ, WAZ and HAZ). The prevalence rates of stunting, underweight and wasting among the sampled children were 58.3%, 20.3% and 4.2%, respectively. The mean DDS was 6.3 ± 1.2 out of a possible maximum score of 13, with the dietary pattern mostly plant foods with little consumption of animal source foods. There was a significant positive association between DDS and WHZ (β=0.16, P=0.03) and adjusting for potential confounding variables did not change the observed association. The association between DDS and WAZ was significantly positive only after adjusting for confounding variables (β=0.17, P=0.01). Although positive, the association between DDS and HAZ was not statistically significant in both crude (β=0.03, P=0.73) and adjusted (β=0.10, P=0.29) models. The high prevalence of stunting and underweight among the children requires urgent attention from the ministry of health and its development stakeholders. The findings of the present study suggest improvement in dietary diversity may be an effective approach to improving wasting and underweight during the life phase when young children are completely reliant on family meals. Sensitization programmes on dietary diversification need to be strengthened in child-welfare clinics. Intervention programmes such as backyard gardening, small ruminant rearing and income-generation activities may improve access to a diverse diet. Keywords: Dietary diversity, wasting, stunting, underweight, weight-for-height, weight-for-age, height-for-age

ESTIMATION OF SERUM MAGNESIUM LEVELS AND ITS CORRELATION AMONG PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Objective: To find the correlation of serum magnesium levels in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy. Methods: Hospital Based Cross-Sectional study was conducted on diabetic patients who attend the ophthalmology outpatient department in a medical college and hospital, Puducherry. Patients were divided into two groups with and without diabetic retinopathy. After obtaining institutional ethical committee approval and consent from the patient, anthropometry measurements were taken, followed by the comparison of serum magnesium level estimation in both groups. All parameters are presented as mean±standard deviation (mean±SD). The data was entered and analysed by using Epi info (version 6.04d) software package. Results: The mean (SD) value of serum magnesium was 1.14 (0.17) and 1.42 (0.15), in cases and controls, respectively. Our results showed that the serum magnesium levels were significantly decreased (p&lt;0.05) among patients with diabetic retinopathy as compared to patients without diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: The strong association between serum magnesium levels and severity of type II Diabetes mellitus indicates a role for early prediction and appropriate therapeutic modifications to avoid end-stage disease complications.

Nutritional Predictors of Mortality after 10 Years of Follow-Up in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease at a Multidisciplinary Unit of Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease.

Nutritional monitoring in advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD) units provides personalized care and improves clinical outcomes. This study aimed to identify mortality risk factors in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on nutritional follow-up in the multidisciplinary ACKD unit. A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 307 CKD patients’ stage 3b, 4–5 followed-up for 10 years. Clinical and nutritional monitoring was performed by malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS), biochemical parameters (s-albumin, s-prealbumin, and serum C-reactive protein (s-CRP), body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), anthropometry, and handgrip strength measurements. The sample was classified into non-survivors, survivors, and censored groups. Of the 307 CKD patients, the prevalence of protein-energy wasting (PEW) was 27.0% using MIS > 5 points, s-CRP > 1 mg/dL was 19.20%, and 27.18% died. Survivors had higher significant body cell mass (BCM%) and phase angle (PA). Survival analyses significantly showed that age > 72 years, MIS > 5 points, s-prealbumin ≤ 30 mg/dL, PA ≤ 4°, and gender-adjusted handgrip strength (HGS) were associated with an increased risk of mortality. By univariate and multivariate Cox regression, time on follow-up (HR:0.97), s-prealbumin (HR:0.94), and right handgrip strength (HR:0.96) were independent predictors of mortality risk at 10 years of follow-up in the ACKD unit. Nutritional monitoring in patients with stage 3b, 4–5 CKD helps to identify and treat nutritional risk early and improve adverse mortality prognosis.

Evidence of Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in the School Lunch Sent from Home for Children in Mexico City.

The identification and characterization of dietary patterns are tools that are used to assess associations between diet and health or disease conditions. In Mexico, studies have examined dietary patterns in children for breakfast or for the whole day, but not specifically for their school lunch. The aim was to describe dietary patterns identified in school lunch and their association with the nutritional status and metabolic parameters of schoolchildren. In this cross-sectional study on schoolchildren from four elementary schools of Mexico City, we recorded anthropometry measurements, a fasting blood sample was collected, and metabolic parameters were determined. We obtained information on the foods and beverages that children brought for their school lunch; estimated the caloric and nutritional content; and created food groups to obtain dietary patterns from the energy provided by those groups. Among the 350 schoolchildren (mean age, 7.9 ± 1.2 years) included, 24.9% and 21.7% presented having overweight and obesity, respectively. A total of 89.4% of schoolchildren brought the school lunch from home. Using the K-means method, the following four dietary patterns were identified: (1) sandwiches, tortas, and sweetened dairy products were consumed by 13.1% (n = 46) of the schoolchildren; (2) sweet snacks were consumed by 50.3% (n = 176); (3) sweetened dairy products were brought by 15.1% of the children (n = 53); and (4) sandwiches and tortas were brought by 21.4% (n = 75). These four patterns showed significant differences in terms of the caloric and nutritional contents (p < 0.001). Energy sources in the identified patterns were primarily sugars (15.8–40%). No association was found between the anthropometric and metabolic parameters of children and the dietary patterns. No dietary pattern obtained from the school lunch could be considered as healthy, since all of them had high energy content, and a high percentage of the energy was from sugars from ultra-processed foods and beverages.