Anthropometric Research Articles

Morphobiometric characterization of donkey resources in Katsina state

This study was conducted to assess the morphological characteristics of the donkey (Equus asinus) population in Katsina State, Nigeria. One hundred and three (103) donkeys (39 female and 64 male), randomly selected, were grouped into three age categories for this study. Data collected included: body weight and ten (10) body measurements. The statistical analysis of variance was applied for estimation the effects of sex and age on the studied parameters. Variance Inflation Factors (VIF), as a multicollinearity diagnostic tool of the independent variables, were incorporated in the regression models. The principal component analysis with a variance maximizing the orthogonal rotation was used to extract the components. The factor analysis identified four (4) principal components (PCs) of morphometric traits which explained about 70.392% of the total variance, with a PC1 accounted for 37.912%. The results showed that the body weight was correlated with HG, PG, BL, RH, SH, EL, TL and NC (ranging from 0.464 to 0.946; p<0.01) and body weight correlated to NL (r = 0.402; p<0.05) and HL (r = 0.375; P<0.05). The best predictors of body weight (BWT) in female and male revealed that the combination of heart girth, body length and rump height featured prominently in the prediction of BWT. Keywords: body weight, donkeys, morphological, prediction, regression

Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Palatal Rugae Patterns in Bhopal Division: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Objective: The goal of this investigation is to assess the palatal rugae patterns in male and female participants from the Bhopal Division population. Material and Methods: A randomly selected cohort of 104 individuals, consisting of 47 males and 57 females, was included in the study. Both metric and non-metric characteristics of the palatal rugae were documented and analyzed using two-sample t-tests and chi-square tests, with a significance threshold set at 5%. Results: No significant difference was observed in the total number of rugae between genders. However, the mean number of primary rugae was significantly higher in males (P = 0.038). In contrast, females exhibited a higher mean number of vertical (P < 0.001) and fragmentary rugae (P = 0.004), with these differences achieving statistical significance. Conclusion: The rugae pattern demonstrates potential as a gender-differentiating characteristic, serving as a supplementary method to traditional techniques such as cranial anthropometry and dental analysis.

Ultrasound-Based Phenotyping for Genetic Selection of Carcass Traits in Oreochromis niloticus: Integrating Imaging Technology Into Aquaculture Breeding.

Recent years have witnessed a remarkable global surge in fish production, with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) emerging as a prominent contributor owing to its high demand as a nutritious food source. However, unlike terrestrial species, maintaining genealogical control and collecting phenotypic data in fish farming poses significant challenges, necessitating advancements to support genetic improvement programmes. While conventional methods, such as body measurements using rulers and photographs are prevalent in data collection, the potential of ultrasound-a less invasive and efficient tool for fish measurement-remains underexplored. This study assesses the viability of ultrasonography for genetically selecting carcass characteristics in Nile tilapia. The investigation encompasses data from 897 animals representing 53 full-sib tilapia families maintained in the genetic improvement programme at the Federal University of Lavras. To measure carcass traits, the animals were sedated with benzocaine and ultrasound images were obtained at three distinct points. Subsequently, the animals were euthanised through medullary sectioning for further carcass processing. After evisceration, filleting and skinning, all weights were meticulously recorded. (Co)variance components and genetic parameters of the measured traits were estimated using the Bayesian approach by Gibbs sampling implemented in MTGSAM (Multiple Trait Gibbs Sampling in Animal Models) software. Heritabilities estimated for the studied carcass traits were moderate, ranging from 0.23 to 0.33. Notably, phenotypes derived from ultrasound images demonstrated substantial genetic correlations with fillet yield (0.83-0.92). In conclusion, this study confirms that indirect selection based on ultrasound images is effective and holds promise for integration into tilapia breeding programmes aimed at enhancing carcass yield.

Detection of body shape changes in obesity monitoring using image processing techniques

Body measurements are primarily made with a tape measure. In measurements taken with a tape measure, the inability to take measurements from the same part of the body each time, incorrect positioning of the tape measure, the occurrence of incorrect measurements, and the need for a person to take the measurements are significant problems in the traditional measurement method. Due to the social distancing rule that must be followed during the Covid-19 pandemic, the close contact between the person to be measured and the person taking the measurement became the starting point of this study. This study focuses on the detecting body shape changes using image processing techniques with 2D imaging. The novelty of the work is that non-contact body measurements are taken more accurately and reliably using the cosine theorem. Regular monitoring of obese patients is important in combating obesity, which is also the source of many health problems. In the monitoring of obese patients, it is necessary to determine the rate of slimming in areas where fat accumulation is intense. The error margin between the real measurements of human models and the calculated measurements was calculated as an average of ± 5.16% for waistline and an average of ± 4.58% for hip size. The cosine theorem was used instead of the ellipse formula used in the literature, and it was observed that the cosine theorem obtained results closer to reality. It is also thought that the developed system will be beneficial not only for extracting body measurements but also for extracting body measurements contactless in the textile sector. The study demonstrates the feasibility of image processing for non-contact body anthropometry and shape tracking.

The effect of the molting cycle on the acoustic characteristics of clicks emitted by Litopenaeus vannamei

In penaeid shrimp, the mandibles are responsible for emitting click sounds when they collide during food intake, which has been used to assess feeding activity by passive acoustic monitoring. However, the acoustic parameters of the clicks could be affected by variations in the thickness of mandible cuticle during the molting cycle. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the molting cycle on the acoustic characteristics of clicks emitted during the feeding activity of Litopenaeus vannamei fed commercial pelleted diet. Shrimp with an average weight of 8.75 ± 1.05 g were individually maintained in 24 tanks in a recirculating water system. A total of 12 animals had their feeding activity individually recorded soon after ecdysis (postmolt group), while another 12 were recorded in the middle of their molting cycle (intermolt group). Recordings took place in anechoic chambers with a hydrophone connected to a digital recorder (sampling rate of 192 kHz), and the click acoustic parameters were characterized in Raven® 1.5 Pro software. After the recordings, the shrimp had their mandibles removed for length measurement and histological analysis of the mandibular cuticle. Body (weight and length) and mandibular measurements did not differ between shrimp groups, but those in the postmolt stage showed significantly lower cuticle thickness. The acoustic characteristics of the clicks were affected by shrimp molting stages, with significantly lower maximum energy (dB) and maximum frequency (kHz) in postmolt shrimp, probably related to their lower mandibular cuticle thickness. These results may contribute to the assessment of shrimp feeding behavior associated with the molting cycle, as well as to the optimization of algorithms controlling acoustic automatic feeders in farming systems.

Using Body Measurements and Real-Time Ultrasound to Evaluate Carcass Characteristics of Male Damascus Kids

Using Body Measurements and Real-Time Ultrasound to Evaluate Carcass Characteristics of Male Damascus Kids

A Longitudinal Study on Body Image Perception and Size among Italian Early Adolescents: Changes over Time and Discrepancies between Genders.

The discrepancy between the current perceived body image (BI) and beauty ideals leads to dissatisfaction, which is believed to be common among adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the stability in BI perceptions and dissatisfaction during early adolescence. Another aim was to highlight differences in dissatisfaction according to Body Mass Index (BMI) and inconsistencies in weight status perception. Two hundred and nine participants (mean age at first survey: 11.33 ± 0.38 years) were enrolled in this longitudinal study with three years of follow-up. Data on size and BI perceptions were collected through individual interviews. Stature and weight were directly measured. Findings indicated significant changes over three years in anthropometric traits but not in weight status prevalence or BI perception and dissatisfaction, except for the ideal figure in males and weight control in females. The results also indicated a significant difference in BI perception and dissatisfaction by BMI categories. Self-reported body measurements were found to be unreliable with a weak-to-moderate agreement between self-perceived and actual weight status. BI perception appears quite stable across the three years considered. Dissatisfaction is similar in both genders, although a tendency toward different gender aesthetic ideals is already appreciable in early adolescence. We suggest that the lower frequency of normal-weight adolescents compared with peers in previous studies is attributable to the effects of the recent pandemic. Given the growing dissatisfaction with increasing BMI and misinterpretations of weight status, school actions to promote a healthy lifestyle and positive BI should be undertaken.

Inferring the feeding history of the castor bean tick, Ixodes ricinus from lipid and body measurements.

The ability to determine when ticks last fed and assign them to a specific feeding cohort is important in attempts to explain their population dynamics; the biochemical measurement of stored lipid, has been widely used for this purpose. However, when relating feeding history to behaviour or infection status, a non-destructive approach to its assessment would be of value and, to this end, previous studies have attempted to use morphometric indices. Within any instar, the sclerotised scutal components of the body will not vary with increasing starvation while the alloscutal components will, and the resulting ratio should provide a measure of time since feeding. Here, the aim was to determine whether such a morphological ratio (described here as the hunger index) changed predictably with starvation in Ixodes ricinus L. (Ixodida: Ixodidae). For this a cohort of 300 I. ricinus nymphs was collected from the field in February 2021 and starved in a humidified incubator at 15°C and 80% relative humidity (RH). Every 2 weeks, 50 nymphs selected at random were removed and killed by freezing; morphometric measurement was followed by the measurement of lipid using a standard spectrophotometric approach. Both hunger index and stored lipid changed significantly with increasing starvation and were positively correlated with each other. However, the change in morphometric ratio was relatively slight (11%) over 9 weeks and the variation was high. The data suggest therefore that morphological measurements could be used to provide, at best, only broad categorisation of the hunger status of individual I. ricinus ticks in the field.

Impact of milk feeding regimens on growth, intake, efficiency, and costs in pre-weaned crossbred calves

The high milk (20% of weight) feeding in initial life is beneficial for growth, feed efficiency, and welfare of calves. The experiment aimed to evaluate the impact of different milk-feeding regimens on the growth, intake, physiological responses, blood and faeces attributes, feed efficiency, and feeding cost in crossbred calves. Thirty (n=30) healthy pre-weaned crossbred calves (75% HF × 25% Kankrej) were divided into five groups using a completely randomized design. The calves were fed milk 10% of body weight (T1); 4 L/day during the entire experiment (T2); 6,4,2 L/day during 2-6, 7-9, and 10-13 weeks of age (T3); and early weaning protocols 7, 5 L/day during 2-6, and 7-9 weeks of age (T4); as well as 8, 4 L/day during 2-6, and 7-9 weeks of age (T5), respectively after an adaptation of seven days. The feeding of concentrate, dry, and green fodder was common in all groups. The effect of milk-feeding regimens on body weight, body measurements, intake, and feed efficiency were non-significant. The evaluation of physiological responses, faecal consistency score, and blood haematology indicated that it was safe to feed different milk regimens. The milk feeding up to 13 weeks of age (T1, T2, T3) significantly lowered the cost of feeding for weight gain than the early weaning protocol (T4, T5). Among them, the feeding of T3 regimen was economical for weight gain without affecting the growth performance, feed efficiency, and health attributes of crossbred calves.

Smartphone three-dimensional imaging for body composition assessment using non-rigid avatar reconstruction.

Modern digital anthropometry applications utilize smartphone cameras to rapidly construct three-dimensional humanoid avatars, quantify relevant anthropometric variables, and estimate body composition. In the present study, 131 participants ([73 M, 58 F] age 33.7 ± 16.0 y; BMI 27.3 ± 5.9 kg/m2, body fat 29.9 ± 9.9%) had their body composition assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and a smartphone 3D scanning application using non-rigid avatar reconstruction. The performance of two new body fat % estimation equations was evaluated through reliability and validity statistics, Bland-Altman analysis, and equivalence testing. In the reliability analysis, the technical error of the measurement and intraclass correlation coefficient were 0.5-0.7% and 0.996-0.997, respectively. Both estimation equations demonstrated statistical equivalence with DXA based on ±2% equivalence regions and strong linear relationships (Pearson's r 0.90; concordance correlation coefficient 0.89-0.90). Across equations, mean absolute error and standard error of the estimate values were ~ 3.5% and ~ 4.2%, respectively. No proportional bias was observed. While continual advances are likely, smartphone-based 3D scanning may now be suitable for implementation for rapid and accessible body measurement in a variety of applications.

Computer Design of the Regulating Working Element of the Channel Cleaning Equipment

Cleaning devices of channel systems used for irrigation of agricultural plants and mechatronic parts regulating their operations were analyzed, the issues of automation of construction design, measurement and management in this field were examined and the purpose of the work was determined. As the goal of the work, the issue of automation of the construction design, technological measurement and management process of the working body for efficient cleaning of small and medium-sized concrete-covered channels, bathtubs from sludge and weeds was set. A complex scheme of information, algorithmic and software support for the automation of the design, technological measurement and control of the mechatronic parts of the working body used for cleaning the channel and bathtub was proposed, and the issues of logical modeling and simulation of the drawing of 2- and 3-dimensional images of the working body were solved. Algorithms were developed using the production modeling method to automate the process of technological measurement, implementation and management, which accurately regulates the operations of the working body of the mechanical device of complex construction. In Solid Edge 2D, 3D software environments, the determination of the geometric shapes of the individual mechanical parts of the channel cleaning unit with a milling cutter, their sizes and types of materials is ensured, and the algorithm was developed using the logical modeling method. For the automation of the structural design process, the information security of the mechanical parts of the application object and the elements of the new design milling cutter device was created for the management of the database of drawings.

5174 A longitudinal retrospective cohort study on the application of the Superimposition by translation and rotation (SITAR) model to estimate body composition growth trajectory in Korean children and adolescents during puberty

Abstract Disclosure: S. Kim: None. S. Kim: None. J. Suh: None. Introduction: In addition to adulthood, pediatricians have noted a growing emphasis on research concerning sarcopenic obesity. Studies in this field have expanded beyond basic BMI-related inquiries, actively delving into investigations based on body fat mass (BFM) and fat-free mass (FFM). However, limited research has systematically analyzed the acquisition of body composition during children and adolescence based on longitudinal data. Objective: This study aims to assess the acquisition of weight, FFM, and BFM during the pubertal growth of Korean children and adolescents. Methods: This study utilized mixed longitudinal body measurement and body composition data, employing bioelectrical impedance analysis, from 4,641 height measurements (2,204 for boys and 2,437 for girls) obtained from 361 individuals (170 boys and 191 girls) among Korean children and adolescents aged 7 to 18. The SITAR (the Superimposition by Translation and Rotation) model, a shape-invariant growth curve model, was used to estimate a reference height velocity curve during pubertal growth. Results: The SITAR methodology allowed us to investigate the timing, magnitude, and intensity of adolescent weight, FFM, and BFM gain. The results revealed significant differences in growth trajectories between boys and girls, with boys exhibiting a persistent elevation in FFM and a pattern of ascent followed by a decline in BFM, while girls show an increase in BFM and a deceleration in FFM growth. In Korean boys, the peak weight velocity (PWV) occurred at a mean age of 12.41 years, with a rate of 8.19 kg/year. Peak fat-free mass velocity (PFV) was observed at a mean age of 9.69 years, with a rate of 7.60 kg/year, and peak body fat mass velocity (PBV) at a mean age of 12.70 years, with a rate of 2.67 kg/year. In Korean girls, the mean age of PWV was 11.28 years, with a velocity of 6.33 kg/year. PFV occurred at a mean age of 12.33 years, with a rate of 4.86 kg/year, and PBV at a mean age of 11.13 years, with a rate of 2.72 kg/year. The ages of peak velocities of height (PHV), PWV, PFV, and PBW positively correlated. Conclusions: This study is the first to apply the SITAR model to examine the acquisition of body composition in Korean children and adolescents. Future research should delve into exploring the connections between various disease groups during childhood and adolescence and the patterns of change in body composition. Presentation: 6/1/2024

Vertebral body density role in determining vertebral osteoporotic fracture type and its progression.

Vertebral osteoporotic fractures (VOF) are among the most frequent fractures in the elderly, often leading to an impaired lifestyle and a high economic burden. Although a reduced bone mass density is considered one of the main risk factors for VOF, its role in determining the fracture type, using the AO spine-DGOU classification for osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures, as well as its progression, is unknown. The current study aimed to: (1) reveal whether the bone density of the vertebral bodies of fractured and non-fractured vertebrae predicts the type of fracture, (2) examine whether bone density is associated with the initial and progressive collapse of the vertebral body, and (3) provide predictive measures for fracture progression. The study sample included 124 patients (40 males and 84 females) with an acute osteoporotic vertebral fracture who underwent a computerized tomography scan at the time of diagnosis and an x-ray at least 3 months later. The bone density of the fractured and adjacent (non-fractured) vertebrae was measured at diagnosis. The magnitude of the collapse and the progression of the fracture over time were calculated from height measurements of the vertebral bodies at diagnosis and follow-up. Age was a significant factor in predicting the fracture type and magnitude of collapse, whereas sex and bone density were not. The severity of the fracture was involved in predicting its progression, demonstrating that severe-type fractures tended to continue to collapse after diagnosis. However, when each type was examined independently, the density of the fractured vertebra had a protective effect on fracture progression. To conclude, identifying the type of fracture is beneficial in determining patient prognosis. Furthermore, the density of the fractured vertebra, the magnitude of collapse, and patient age are valuable predictors of fracture progression.

Nutrition-Related Mobile Apps in the Spanish App Stores: Quality and Content Analysis.

Mobile apps represent accessible and cost-effective tools to improve nutrition and prevent chronic diseases. However, most of these apps have been characterized as having limited functionality, raising concerns about their effectiveness, acceptability, and efficacy. The aims of the study were to assess the quality of popular nutrition-related app platforms in Spain and to describe their characteristics and functionalities. We screened apps providing information on dietary advice, food advice, and nutritional content in the Apple App Store and Google Play Store in Spain from March 2 to March 16, 2024. Apps with a star rating of ≥4 (of 5 stars), those available in Spanish, those that were free of charge, those last updated after January 2022, those with >500 reviews, and those with >500,000 downloads were included. The quality of apps was assessed using the user version of the Mobile App Rating Scale (uMARS). General characteristics and nutritional, health, and market-related functionalities of the nutrition-related apps were described. Correlations among total and uMARS sections, star ratings, and number of reviews and downloads were evaluated. Among the 1460 apps identified in the search, 42 apps met the criteria. The majority of these (n=20, 48%) aimed at recording and analyzing food intake, followed by those providing nutritional plans or diets (n=9, 21%), advising on healthy habits (n=7, 17%), and offering recipes (n=6, 14%). The most prevalent nutritional functionalities offered were recording and monitoring body measurements (n=30, 71%), food tracking (n=26, 62%), and dietary analysis (n=25, 60%), whereas nutrition education was less common (n=16, 38%). Among market-related functionalities, advertisements were the most common among the study apps (n=30, 71%), followed by the option of sharing on social media (n=29, 69%) and customizable reminders (n=26, 62%). Sharing the recorded information in the app with health professionals was infrequent (n=1, 2%). The mean (SD) total uMARS score (maximum 5 points) was 3.78 (0.35), while the mean (SD) uMARS scores for functionality, aesthetics, engagement, and information were 4.21 (0.38), 3.94 (0.54), 3.51 (0.46), and 3.48 (0.44), respectively. Lower mean scores were observed for the subjective quality (mean 2.65, SD 0.56) and perceived impact (mean 3.06, SD 0.67). Moderate to strong positive significant correlations were mostly observed between total uMARS and section-specific uMARS scores, while the correlations between the uMARS section scores were mostly moderate positive. Total uMARS scores were very weakly correlated with user rating, number of reviews, and number of downloads. The quality of popular nutrition-related app platforms in Spain was acceptable, with observed remarkable differences between sections. The majority of the apps were appealing due to their user-friendly interfaces. Only a few apps, however, provided dietary structure analysis or nutritional education. Further research is needed to assess the long-term impact of these apps on users.

Supplementation with 25-hydroxicolecalciferol increases the nutritional efficiency and carcass growth of grazing Nellore young bulls

We aimed to evaluate the effect of 25-OH Vit D3 (Hy-D, DSM, Brazil) supplementation on the performance, body measures, and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing grazing Nellore young bulls. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, 150 animals (body weight (BW) of 350 ± 23kg) were separated into 6 treatment groups: protein supplement (PS); protein supplement with monensin (PS+Mon); protein supplement with 25-OH Vit D3 (PS+Vit D3); protein supplement with monensin and 25-OH Vit D3 (PS+Mon+Vit D3); protein-energetic supplement (PE); protein-energetic supplement with 25-OH Vit D3 (PE+Vit D3). In Experiment 2, 240 animals with an initial BW of 390 ± 16kg were separated into the same protein-energetic supplement treatment groups used in Experiment 1 with or without 25-OH Vit D3 (two treatments). Animals in the different treatments of Experiment 1 had similar ADG and final BW values (P > 0.05), except for those that received monensin in PS, which showed lower ADG (P < 0.05). The addition of monensin to the PS inhibited increases in the body measures (P < 0.05) except for the height at withers (P > 0.05). Animals that received PE+Vit D3 showed greater increases in rib width (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, animals that received 25-OH Vit D3 were 8.0kg heavier than the animals that did not receive this supplement (P < 0.05). The results show that supplementation with 25-OH Vit D3 is a promising and effective method of improving carcass weight and yield in finishing beef cattle during grazing.

Application of menthol anesthetics for body size measurements of the sea angel Clione elegantissima (Mollusca: Gymnosomata)

Understanding body size variation has been a central goal in ecology for almost half a century. However, it is difficult to measure the size of soft-bodied invertebrates accurately, such as members of the genus Clione, which expand and contract their bodies. To allow for accurate body length measurements, anesthetic menthol was used to temporarily relax the bodies of Clione elegantissima collected from the southern Okhotsk Sea. A standard solution was prepared using 1.4 g l-menthol dissolved in 250 mL ethanol. Three test solutions were then prepared using 0.1, 0.25, or 0.5 mL of the standard solution and dissolved in 20 mL of filtered seawater. Using a menthol-based anesthetic, the animals extended their body parts (including foot lobes, wings, and head tentacles), remained motionless, and showed no reaction to pricking with forceps. All tested animals returned to their actual sizes within 1–15 min after placing them back in filtered seawater, indicating that the menthol-based solutions were effective and harmless. The best concentration for measuring the body size C. elegantissima was 0.1 mL of the standard solution. It allowed not only bodies but head tentacles to stretch, providing to the full-length of Clione samples for body size measurements. We suggest that this anesthetic can be used as a new standard for body measurements and morphological observations in Clione species.

Ultrasound-guided Deep Waist Fat Liposuction: Complement to a Narrow Waist.

For body contouring, the waist plays an important role in both male and female body structure. Currently, there are procedures that aim to achieve a narrow waist as a result, to achieve an adequate waist-to-hip ratio. This study proposes a technique of ultrasound-guided deep liposuction of the lumbar triangle to achieve favorable and safe aesthetic results. The technique was applied in 142 patients who provided informed consent. During liposuction, ultrasound was used as a guide to avoid contact with vital organs, and in the postoperative stage, a satisfaction survey was administered on the aesthetic results obtained. In addition, patients had a preoperative waist measurement and a postoperative waist measurement at 3 months. The deep liposuction technique in the lumbar triangle is safe, no serious complications were observed, and the results of the satisfaction survey regarding the aesthetic result after the third postoperative month showed 100% satisfaction. In addition, it was found that the body measurements of the waist before the operation and 3 months later showed a difference between 8 and 15 cm less in the diameter of the waist after the technique was applied. Deep liposuction of the lumbar region is a safe technique, due to the use of ultrasound for patient care, and enhances patient satisfaction with the aesthetic results.

Effects of Body Indices and Shoeing on Hoof Morphometry among Sudanese Country-Bred Polo Horses in Nigeria

Several factors influence hoof size which largely determine the normal function of the equine limbs. The effects of shoeing and body indices on hoof morphometry among Sudanese country-bred polo horses in Nigeria were evaluated in the present study. Apparently healthy, shod/barefooted Sudanese country-bred mares without hoof abnormalities were randomly selected and included in the present study. As body indices, we measured the height at withers, heart-girth, body length, and body weight; as hoof parameters, we measured the toe length, solar length, hoof width, and dorsal and ventral hoof wall width on all limbs. Pearson correlation analysis and the independent sample T test were applied for data analysis. The mean height, body weight, heart girth and body length of the Sudanese country-bred horses were 1589.5 ± 56.0 mm, 430.8 ± 42.9 kg, 1758.8±65.31mm and 1649.4±50.03mm respectively which were not significantly different between the shod and barefooted. The dorsal hoof wall width and the hoof solar length and width between the shod and barefooted groups differed statistically significantly (p&lt;0.05). In Sudanese country-bred mares, there was a strong positive correlation that was different significantly between the heart-girth, body length, and body weight. Hoof morphometry and body indices showed a strong positive correlation. The most important ratios relating to hoof size differences between horses with shoes and those without were the hoof index, length, and width to body measurement ratios. According to this study, Sudanese Country-bred horses' hoof morphometry is significantly impacted by shoeing and body indices.

Breeding work with kazakh horses Zhabe type

Background and Aim. Kazakh horses of Zhabе type differ from local horses in their higher live weight and larger body measurements. Breeding work with Kazakh horses of the Zhabе type is carried out at Tailak farm in Zharminsky district of East Kazakhstan through targeted reproduction, cultivation, and widespread use of the best individuals based on their origin, exterior, productivity, adaptation to year-round grazing, and quality of offspring from stallions and mares. Individuals that are not up to these standards are strictly culled. The aim of the research is to determine meat productivity and study genetic characteristics of a sample of modern population of Kazakh horses of Zhabe type using DNA markers.Materials and Methods. The material for the study was DNA genotyping data from 20 horses of the Kazakh breed type Zhabe. The horses were genotyped according to 17 STR lоci rеcommended by the Internаtional Sоciety for Animаl Gеnetics (ISАG). The international alphabetical code was used to identify alleles. Genetic and population analyses were performed using the GenAIEx software 6.5. The follоwing indicаtors wеre calculаted: the averаge numbеr of allеles per lоcus (Na), the effеctive numbеr of allеles (Ne), levеls of expеcted (He) and obsеrved heterozygоsity (Ho), and inbreеding cоefficient (FIS) .Results. A study on 17 STR loci of DNA in Kazakh horses Zhabе type has shown that they have a unique allele pool with a significant number of identified alleles and high genetic variability. The average inbreeding coefficient (FIS) is negative (-0.059), indicating that the genetic diversity of this breed is preserved within this group.Conclusion. The improvement of these horses is achieved through breeding and cultivation of animals with high genetic potential for productivity, which is passed down through generations of descendants. This is done by carefully selecting horses with desirable traits for breeding.

Predicting the level and digital achievement in terms of some body measurements of 2000-meter rowing players in qualifying for the 2023 Asian Cup Championship

The study aimed to identify the relationship of body measurements to the level and digital achievement of 2000-meter rowing players in the 2023 Asian Cup Championship, and to identify the contribution of body measurements to the digital level of 2000-meter rowing players, and to identify the extent of the efficiency of body measurement variables in predicting the level and digital achievement of rowing players, while the research sample was represented by the players of the national rowing team participating in the Asian Cup Championship held in Iran 2023, numbering (15) players who were selected intentionally, as well as the arithmetic mean and deviation Standard, simple correlation coefficient, multiple regression coefficient by regression method, and regression coefficient by stepwise regression method, by using the statistical bag spss to reach the results, and the most important conclusions that appeared were that the body measurements have a high significant correlation with the level and digital achievement of rowers, while it appeared that the body measurements also have high contribution rates to the level and digital achievement of rowers