Anthropometric Determinations Research Articles

Correlations between amplitude rheovasographic indicators of the crus and anthropometric dimensions in volleyball players women of different somatotypes

Somatotypological features of the body can be considered as a lever of sports achievements, because they have an effect on the efficiency of the energy supply system, physical capacity, ability to adapt, and the state of the cardiovascular system. The purpose of our work is to reveal the correlations between the amplitude parameters of the crus rheovasogram and anthropometric indices in young volleyball players women of different somatotypes. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory study of the state of health and physical development of 108 volleyball players women aged 16-20 years (youth period of ontogenesis) of high sports ranks (from II adult to masters of sports) was conducted. Rheovasographic parameters of the crus in volleyball players women were determined by the method of tetrapolar rheocardiography on a certified computer diagnostic multifunctional complex. Anthropometric determination of the total dimensions of the body and chest, pelvis, limbs, and head was performed according to the recommendations of Shaparenko P. P. (2000), somatotypological – according to the Heath-Carter calculation method (1990). After somatotyping, it was established that 28 women volleyball players belonged to the mesomorphic type of constitution, 27 women athletes were assigned to the ectomorphic and ecto-mesomorphic somatotypes each, and 26 women volleyball players belonged to the medium intermediate type. The analysis of the obtained results was carried out in the license program "Statistica 5.5" using correlation analysis according to Spearman. We found that highly professional women volleyball players, who have different body types, differ in the strength and number of significant correlations between the amplitude rheovasographic parameters of the crus and anthropometric dimensions. The most numerous (18.64 % of the possible correlations, of which 6.82 % are reliable) and the strongest (3 strong with a correlation coefficient from -0.64 to -0.73) correlations between the amplitude indicators of the crus rheovasogram and parameters of the external body structure were recorded in volleyball players women of the middle intermediate somatotype. Ectomorphs had the lowest number and strength of relationships (3.18 % of possible correlations, only 1 reliable). Individual longitudinal dimensions of the body, chest girths and its diameters, transverse dimensions of the pelvis, and skinfold thickness were most often correlated with the amplitude indicators of the crus rheovasogram in women volleyball players of various constitutional types. Determining the features of the correlations is the basis for assessing the harmony of the physical development of women volleyball players and conducting further statistical modeling to determine their appropriate crus rheovasographic indicators.

Estimation of Arm Fat Percentage: from Segmental Bioimpedance to Anthropometry

Introduction: Currently, there are no formulas to estimate the percentage of fat by segments of the body from anthropometric measurements. The objective of this work was to correlate the percentage of arm fat mass (obtained through segmental bioimpedance) with anthropometric measurements, to generate a prediction formula valid for both genders. Methods: A sample of 100 individuals (50 women and 50 men) from 18 to 70 years old was analyzed in this observational study. A bioimpedance analysis was performed along with anthropometric determinations according to ISAK standards. Results: The percentage of arm fat mass estimated by bioimpedance strongly and positively correlated with the triceps and biceps skin folds, the arm fat area, and its percentage of fat area, in both sexes. In women, the percentage of arm fat mass also correlated with body mass index, arm circumference, and arm muscle area. Conclusion: Through a linear regression formula applicable to both sexes, the percentage of arm fat can be estimated from three anthropometric measurements.

Anaesthesiologic and intensive care particularities in cervical surgery

Abstract BACKGROUND. Endotracheal intubation is frequently used to maintain airways proper functioning during elective surgical operations, in intensive care and in emergency rooms. The pathology of the oropharyngeal and laryngeal area or that of the cervical area induces, in most cases, changes in the airways, especially in the sense of their narrowing or deviation. The presence of tumors on the oro-pharyngo-laryngeal axis, some bleeding easily spontaneously or upon touch, can make the anaesthetic procedure difficult. MATERIAL AND METHODS. We conducted a prospective, observational study on 50 patients with cervical pathology who required general anaesthesia during 2019-2021. The criteria and parameters analysed for predicting difficult intubation were the duration of orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation, difficult face mask ventilation, Cormack-Lehane and Mallampati scores, anthropometric determinations of various cervical landmarks, including the thyromental distance, the distance between the arytenoid cartilages and the distance from the plane of the arytenoid cartilages to the skin, both of the latter determined ultrasonographically. RESULTS. The following statistically significant differences emerge from the study: the duration of orotracheal intubation (p<0.001), the difficulty of face mask ventilation (p<0.001), the intercondylar distance (p=0.042), the intermastoid distance (p=0.023), the Cormack-Lehane score (p=0.013), the Mallampati score (p=0.004), the distance between the arytenoid cartilages (p=0.007), the distance between the plane of the arytenoid cartilages and the skin (p<0.001). All were increased in patients with tumoral pathology. CONCLUSION. The study demonstrates the variation of new criteria and parameters that can be analysed for the prediction of a difficult airway, identifies the efficiency of using ultrasound whenever possible in the preanesthetic evaluation of the airway, and quantifies the risk of difficulty in airway management based on anthropometric data, particularly through the occurrence of asymmetry at the cervical or facial level.

Traditional weight loss and dukan diets as to nutritional and laboratory results

Traditional weight loss and dukan diets as to nutritional and laboratory results

Association of Smoking with Indicators of the Structure and Function of Blood Vessels in Middle-aged Men

Aim. To study the association of smoking with indicators of the structure and function of blood vessels in a sample of middle-aged men.Material and methods. This study is part of a 32-year prospective cohort observation of males starting in childhood (11-12 years). The study included 301 (30.0%) representatives of the original population sample aged 41-44 years. The examination included a survey on a standard questionnaire with an assessment of the status and intensity of smoking, of anthropometric indicators, blood pressure (BP), and determination of the blood lipid spectrum. The stiffness of the arterial wall and central pressure were measured by the method of applanation tonometry. The carotid intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (C-IMT) was estimated by the method of ultrasonic duplex scanning of the main vessels of the neck.Results. Of the 301 men examined, aged 41-44 years, 92 (30.6%) people never smoked, 73 (24.3%) smoked in the past and 136 (45.2%) people currently smoke. Former smokers were divided by the intensity of smoking in the past as follows: less than 20 cigarettes/day were smoked by 41 (56.0%) people, and ≥20 cigarettes/day - 32 (44.0%) people. Among current smokers, less than 20 cigarettes/day were smoked by 63 (46.0%) people, and ≥20 cigarettes - 73 (54.0%) people. Current smokers have a statistically significantly higher level of triglycerides and lower cholesterol of high density lipoproteins in the blood, augmentation index (AIx), augmentation blood pressure and C-IMT thicker than non-smokers. The thickness of the C-IMT and AIx was statistically significantly greater among current smokers who smoked 20 or more cigarettes daily. Men who smoked in the past had significantly greater body weight, waist circumference and pulse wave velocity. 12.4% of AIx variability was attributable to current smoking combined with variability in alcohol consumption, blood glucose, and heart rate. The body mass index (BMI) and ethanol consumption are independent determinants of peripheral and central systolic pressure, and account for 17.8% and 18.6% of their variance, respectively. The combined contribution of current smoking, age, BMI, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma glucose to the thickness variability of C-IMT was 13.7%. Among men with a smoking duration in the past >10 years, the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and arterial stiffness indicators - AIx, pulse pressure amplification were higher compared to peers with a shorter smoking duration.Conclusion. Current smoking is associated with atherogenic changes in the blood lipid spectrum, impaired structure and function of the main arteries. Moreover, the severity of structural and functional disorders of the arteries is associated with the intensity of current smoking. If you give up smoking, there is a potential possibility of reversibility of these vascular disorders.

Стан ферментативної ланки антиоксидантного захисту у юнаків з гіпоандрогенією

Recently, interest in the problem of free radical oxidation in biological membranes, which is directly related to both the normal functioning of cells and the occurrence, course and outcome of many pathological conditions, has increased again in clinical medicine. The aim was to determine the role and impact of antioxidant defense in boys with hypoandrogenism. The study involved 75 adolescents with hypoandrogenism aged 13–18 years, who underwent a complex of clinical and laboratory examinations. All patients were conducted complex of anthropometric research and determination of the degree of delayed puberty, laboratory and instrumental examination. Free radical oxidation was determined by the levels of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, carbonated proteins, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the serum, and restored glutathione and glutathione peroxidase in whole blood. Based on their determination, the coefficient of oxidative stress was calculated. Statistical processing of results was performed using parametric and nonparametric methods. The study of indicators of the free radical oxidation process found that adolescents with hypoandrogenism have multidirectional changes in the oxidation of proteins and lipids, namely: the level of conjugated dienes increases, the concentration of malondialdehyde remains at the level of the control group, and the level of carbonated proteins tends to decrease. As for the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes, a significant decrease in the level of glutathione peroxidase was detected, while the level of superoxide dismutase and catalase remained at the level of normative indicators. Oxidative stress accompanies and is one of the pathogenetic links in the formation or maintenance of the state of hypoandrogenism in boys. This requires the use of antioxidants, the complex of which must be selected individually.

Anthropometric Determinations of Umbilical Position in Iraqi Adults.

Introduction Umbilicus is an important surface landmark on the anterior abdominal wall in addition to its aesthetic and psychological effect. Objectives The objective of the study is to determine the position of umbilicus in Iraqi adults to provide a guide for the neoumbilicus in abdominoplasty. Subjects and Methods This is an observational study performed on 100 volunteers with no abdominal wall abnormality. Measurements included weight, height, body mass index (BMI), distance from xiphoid to umbilicus, distance from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis, distance from xiphoid process to both anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), distance from pubic symphysis to umbilicus and from pubic symphysis to xiphisternum, distance of umbilicus to both ASIS, and distance of umbilicus to interspinous line and to inter-anterior hypochondrium line. Results The study included 100 volunteers, with 50% male and 50% female whose age ranges between 18 to 60 years. The results were a follows: distance from xiphoid process to umbilicus and distance from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis were 18.03 ± 3.25 cm and 32.21 ± 4.64 cm, respectively; distances from xiphoid process to right ASIS and left ASIS were 25.95 ± 5.72 cm and 25.84 ± 6.02 cm, respectively; distance from pubic symphysis to umbilicus was 17.66 ± 3.12 cm; distance of umbilicus to interspinous line was 9.25 ± 1.84 cm. The distance from umbilicus to inter anterior hypochondrium line was 9.905 ± 2.19 cm. Conclusion These measurements can determine the neoumbilicus position, reduce practical mistakes, and improve postsurgical outcomes.

Circulating levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 are associated with metabolic syndrome rather than with menopause

The plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is the major determinant of fibrinolytic activity. PAI-1 concentrations are elevated in obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS). On the other hand, during menopause, fibrinolytic activity decreases and, consequently, PAI-1 concentration increases; however, it is debated whether menopause is an independent determinant factor of PAI-1 levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hormonal and metabolic status on the concentration of PAI-1 in pre-and post-menopausal women. A case-control study was conducted in ninety pre-and post-menopausal women aged 45 to 55 years, matched by body mass index (BMI). Anthropometric measurements and biochemical determinations were performed on all participants. The fibrinolytic activity was determined by measuring PAI-1 by ELISA. Of all the women, 30% presented MetS. Women with MetS had higher values of PAI-1 (36.0 ± 19.1 vs 19.3 ± 14.8 ng/mL, p < .001); in contrast, no differences were observed when compared by hormonal status (20.7 ± 18.10 vs 20.2 ± 17.0 ng/mL, NS). The results of this study suggest that in women, MetS plays a more important role in the deterioration of the fibrinolytic mechanisms rather than their hormonal status. Therefore, the identification of cardio-metabolic factors is relevant to reduce the presence of thrombosis in post-menopausal women.

Anthropometric Determination of Radio- Humeral Index in Jammu Region

Anthropometric Determination of Radio- Humeral Index in Jammu Region

Особенности композиции тела и уровня лептина крови у больных псориазом с метаболическим синдромом

432 patients (213 men (49.3%) and 219 women (50.7%)) with vulgar psoriasis were examined. Depending on the size of the PASI index, the patients were divided into two groups: with a limited form (PASI - 9.6±0.01, n = 60) and with a common form of the disease (PASI - 49.53±0.46, n = 372). 312 patients with a common form of psoriasis had signs of metabolic syndrome (MS) and made up the main group, another part of patients (n = 60) with a common form of the disease, without signs of MS -comparison group. Anthropometric examination and determination of leptin level in blood were carried out in the examined patients. A statistically significant relationship between the prevalence of the skin process, the level of blood leptin and the presence of MS is shown, which indicates the pathogenetic role of metabolic disturbances in psoriasis.

Abstract P3-12-08: Association of serum prealbumin (transthyretin) with anthracycline chemotherapy toxicity in patients with invasive breast cancer

Abstract Background: In Mexico about 60% of invasive breast cancer (IBC) cases are diagnosed in advanced or locally-advanced stages that require systemic treatment. The chemotherapy toxicity (CTox) depends largely on the free fraction of the drug, i.e. the fraction unbound to plasmatic proteins. There is evidence that the Prealbumin (P-Alb) is a good marker of hepatic protein production. Some studies relate reduced serum proteins with CTox. The aim of the study was to correlate serum P-Alb with the degree of hematologic, gastrointestinal and skin toxicity. Patients and Methods: Prospective cohort from January 2010 to December 2011 which recruited 41 patients with newly diagnosed IBC who received chemotherapy FAC-50 (5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin and Cyclophosphamide). Anthropometric measurements and serum determination of blood count, total protein, albumin and prealbumin were performed at baseline. The presence and degree of toxicity was evaluated on day +12 and +21 of first cycle. Toxicity was evaluated by CTCAE (Common terminology criteria for adverse events) v.4.0 We used Mann-Whitney's U test and Spearman correlation. The cutoff points for P-Alb were calculated by ROC curves. Results: Median age was 50 years, 56% and 17% were diagnosed in cTNM stage II-III. Eighteen patients (43.9%) had grade (G) 3-4 neutropenia and 2 (4.9%) had febrile neutropenia. Nine patients (21.9%) had G. 3-4 vomiting and 3 (7.3%) patients had G. 3-4 diarrhea. We classified the patients according to neutropenia, group 1 (N= 23 patients) (56%) without or G. 1-2 toxicity; and group 2 (N=18 patients) (43.9%) with G. 3-4 toxicity. No significant differences in age, cTNM stage, performance status, total body surface area, and body mass index between the groups were identified. Lower basal P-Alb (23.1 mg/dl) was observed in group 2 compared to group 1 (28.3 mg/dl). (p = 0.001). We observed significant differences between the P-Alb medians and degree of neutropenia, vomiting and diarrhea (p = 0.003, p = 0.001 and p = 0.025). The G. of neutropenia, vomiting and diarrhea were negatively correlated with P-Alb seric concentration (r = -0594, p = &amp;lt;0.0001, r = -0418, p = 0.006 and r = -0642, p = &amp;lt;0.0001) respectively. A cutoff of P-Alb ≤ 25 mg/dl for G. 3-4 neutropenia had a sensitivity (S) of 77% and (E) specificity 87%. (AUC 0.84). For diarrhea of any G. a cutoff of P-Alb ≤ 26.8 mg / dl had a S 78% and E 88% (AUC 0.80). A cutoff P-Alb≤ 26 mg/dl for vomiting of any G. had a S 90% and E 76% (AUC 0.86). HR for grade 3-4 neutropenia was 23.3 (95% CI 18.8-144) (p = 0.011); diarrhea any G. HR 28.5 (95% CI 3.03-268) (p = 0.0001) and vomiting any G. HR 28.8 (95% CI 4.89-169) (p = 0.011). Conclusion: To our knowledge this is the first prospective study describing that P-Alb is negatively correlated with the presence and grade of hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity secondary to anthracycline breast cancer chemotherapy. A cutoff value of prealbumin &amp;lt;26 mg/dl has a good diagnostic accuracy for predicting CTox. (neutropenia, vomiting and diarrhea). The baseline P-Alb can identify patients at increased risk of severe CTox. Our results should be validated in other cohorts with a larger number of patients. Citation Format: A Armengol-Alonso, K Zamudio-Osuna, I Cortes-Franco, P Milke-García, E León-Rodríguez. Association of serum prealbumin (transthyretin) with anthracycline chemotherapy toxicity in patients with invasive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-12-08.

Volumetric analysis of central body fat accurately predicts incidence of diabetes and hypertension in adults.

BackgroundCentral adipose tissue is appreciated as a risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a volumetric 3D analysis of central adipose tissue in predicting disease.Full body computerized tomography (CT) scans were obtained from 1225 female (518) and male (707) subjects, aged 18–88. Percent central body fat (%cBF) was determined by quantifying the adipose tissue volume from the dome of the liver to the pubic symphysis. Calcium score was determined from the calcium content of coronary arteries. Relationships between %cBF, BMI, and several cardiometabolic disorders were assessed controlling for age, sex, and race.ResultsHigher %cBF was significantly greater for those with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, but not stroke or hypercholesterolemia. Simple anthropometric determination of BMI equally correlated with diabetes and hypertension as central body fat. Calcium scoring significantly correlated with all measurements of cardiovascular health, including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and heart disease.ConclusionsCentral body fat and BMI equally and highly predict incidence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes.

Obesity and its cardio-metabolic co-morbidities among adult Nigerians in a primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria

Background:Obesity once thought the medical problem of affluent countries now exist in Nigeria and has been described as a time bomb for the future explosion in the frequency of cardio-metabolic diseases. The most deleterious health consequences of obesity are on the cardiovascular system and associated disorder of lipid and glucose homeostasis.Aim:This study was designed to determine the magnitude of obesity and its cardio-metabolic co-morbidities among adult Nigerians in a primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital South-Eastern, Nigeria.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study carried out on 2391 adult Nigerians who were assessed for obesity using body mass index (BMI) criterion. 206 patients who had BMI ≥30kg/m2 were screened for cardio-metabolic co-morbidities. The data collected included basic demographic variables, weight, height, blood pressure; fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile.Results:The prevalence of obesity was 8.6%. Grade I obesity (67.5%) was the most common pattern; others included grade II obesity (23.3%) and grade III obesity (9.2%). Hypertension (42.7%) was the most common cardio-metabolic morbidity. Others included low HDL-cholesterol (22.8%), diabetes mellitus (15.1%), high triglyceride (12.6%), high total cholesterol (9.2%), and high LDL-cholesterol (6.8%).Conclusion:Obesity and its cardio-metabolic morbidities exist among the study population. Anthropometric determination of obesity and screening for its associated cardio-metabolic co-morbidities should constitute clinical targets for intervention in primary care clinics.

Obesity in adult Nigerians: A study of its pattern and common primary co-morbidities in a rural Mission General Hospital in Imo state, south-eastern Nigeria

This study was generally aimed at determining the prevalence and pattern of obesity using body mass index (BMI) criterion and specifically screening for its common primary co-morbidities among adult Nigerians attending a rural Mission General Hospital in Imo state, South-Eastern Nigeria. A descriptive study was carried out from June 2008 to May 2009. A total of 2156 consecutive new adult patients aged 18-90 years were screened for obesity using the BMI criterion, and 129 patients had BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² and met the inclusion criteria. The data collected included age, sex, marital status, education, occupation, social class, weight, height and blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and lipid profile. The prevalence of obesity was 6.0%, with class I obesity (86.1%) being the most common pattern. Hypertension (16.3%) was the most common primary co-morbidity; others included low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (21.7%), high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (9.3%), high total cholesterol (7.8%), high triglyceridemia (4.7%) and diabetes mellitus (3.9%). This study has shown that obesity and its primary co-morbidities are emerging as a serious health problem among the study population, with class I obesity being the most common pattern and hypertension being the most common primary co-morbidity. Anthropometric determination of obesity and screening for its common primary co-morbidities should be integrated as part of the clinic baseline assessment of adult Nigerians attending rural hospitals to facilitate their early detection and institutionalization of appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures.

Obesity in adult Nigerians: a study of its prevalence and common primary co-morbidities in a semi-urban Mission General Hospital in South-Eastern Nigeria.

Obesity is socially and culturally acceptable in Nigeria and therefore not usually recognized as a medical problem. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of obesity using body mass index (BMI) criterion and its common primary comorbidities among adult Nigerians attending a semi-urban Mission General Hospital in Imo state, SouthEastern, Nigeria. A descriptive study using primary data collection technique was carried out from October 2007 to December 2008. A total of 9296 consecutive new adult patients aged 18-88 years were screened for obesity using BMI criterion and 684 patients who had BMI = 30 kg/m2 met the inclusion criteria. The data collected included age, sex, marital status, education, occupation, weight (kilogram), height (meters), and blood pressure; fasting blood sugar and fasting lipid profile. Obese patients' perception of their obese condition and knowledge of lifestyle modification were also assessed. Six hundred and eighty-four (7.4%) out of a total of 9296 patients screened for obesity were obese. Hypertension (18.4%) was the commonest primary comorbidity, others include high triglyceridaemia (9.2%), high total cholesterol (8.2%), high LDL-cholesterol (6.0%) and diabetes mellitus (3.4%). One hundred and one (14.8%) obese patients were aware of their obese condition and majority, 72 (71.3%) of them were informed of their obese condition by healthcare professionals. Forty seven (46.5%) of those who were aware of their obese condition had knowledge of lifestyle modification. However, majority (72.3%) of those who had knowledge of lifestyle modification demonstrated low knowledge level of lifestyle modification. This study has shown the existence of obesity and its common primary co-morbidities among the study population. Anthropometric determination of obesity and screening for its common primary comorbidities should be integrated as part of clinic baseline assessment of adult Nigerians attending semi-urban hospitals. Those who had obesity-related primary co morbidities should become secondary target for risk reduction therapy and appropriate management.

Treatment of Hypogonadism with Testosterone in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

To investigate the effect of testosterone treatment on insulin resistance, glycemic control, and dyslipidemia in Asian Indian men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypogonadism. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 22 men, 25 to 50 years old, with T2DM and hypogonadism. Patients were treated with intramuscularly administered testosterone (200 mg every 15 days) or placebo for 3 months in random order, followed by a washout period of 1 month before the alternative treatment phase. The primary outcomes were changes in fasting insulin sensitivity (as measured by homeostasis model assessment [HOMA] in those patients not receiving insulin), fasting blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1c. The secondary outcomes were changes in fasting lipids, blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and androgen deficiency symptoms. Statistical analysis was performed on the delta values, with the treatment effect of placebo compared with the effect of testosterone. Treatment with testosterone did not significantly influence insulin resistance measured by the HOMA index (mean treatment effect, 1.67 +/- 4.29; confidence interval, -6.91 to 10.25; P>.05). Mean change in hemoglobin A1c (%) (-1.75 +/- 5.35; -12.46 to 8.95) and fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) (20.20 +/- 67.87; -115.54 to 155.94) also did not reach statistical significance. Testosterone treatment did not affect fasting lipids, blood pressure, and anthropometric determinations significantly. In this study, testosterone treatment showed a neutral effect on insulin resistance and glycemic control and failed to improve dyslipidemia, control blood pressure, or reduce visceral fat significantly in Asian Indian men with T2DM and hypogonadism.

Anthropological Characteristics of Body Composition in Children and Adolescents from Plovdiv

ABSTRACTThis article studies the development of body weight components on the basis of anthropometric determination of the dynamics of the amount of fat, muscles and bones in 2094 children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years (1054 girls and 1040 boys). The data were transversely collected at some schools in Plovdiv. The results were obtained for the differentiation in the change of body building, both in individuals of the same age and in the process of growth and development. Our results indicate that namely in the puberty period there is a change in the developmental processes of fat and muscle mass, which determines the further architecture of the male or female body. In girls the development of skeletal muscles and bone tissue practically stops after the puberty period (14–15 years), while in boys these two components of body composition continue to increase after this age with relatively high intensity.

Ultrasonographic Measurement of Intra-Abdominal Fat Thickness in HIV-Infected Patients Treated or Not with Antiretroviral Drugs and Its Correlation to Lipid and Glycemic Profiles

Aims: To compare the intra-abdominal fat thickness measured by ultrasound between HIV-infected patients treated or not with antiretroviral drugs and to correlate these visceral adiposity measurements to other parameters of cardiovascular risks. Methods: In a transversal observational study, 160 HIV-infected patients were recruited and divided in two groups, i.e., 123 antiretroviral (ARV)-treated and 37 ARV-naïve patients. These patients were submitted to anthropometric determinations, laboratorial analysis, ultrasonographic measurements of subcutaneous and intra- abdominal fat thickness and to tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis in order to measure the body composition. Results: In the patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) the intra-abdominal fat pad was significantly thicker than that of the untreated group (69 ± 21 mm, n = 123 vs. 60 ± 18 mm, n = 37; p = 0.03 Student’s t test). The intra-abdominal fat thickness correlated significantly with plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, glucose measurements 2 h after dextrose load, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, weight, BMI, WHR and caliper-measured total fat percentage. Conclusion: The results showed that antiretroviral therapy is associated with increased ultrasonographic measurements of visceral adiposity. Our data demonstrated a strong correlation between intra-abdominal fat thickness and independent risk factors of cardiovascular disease: atherogenic lipid profile and insulin resistance.

A Comparison of Anthropometric and MRI Determinations of Subcutaneous Fat Alterations Resulting From Resistance Training

A Comparison of Anthropometric and MRI Determinations of Subcutaneous Fat Alterations Resulting From Resistance Training

A Comparison of Anthropometric and MRI Determinations of Subcutaneous Fat Alterations Resulting From Resistance Training

A Comparison of Anthropometric and MRI Determinations of Subcutaneous Fat Alterations Resulting From Resistance Training