Anthropological Component Research Articles

The problem of the synthesis of pedagogical strategy and moral practice in modern medical education (aspects of integrating international experience)

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of "medical humanities" as an independent interdisciplinary area of research, formed on the basis of the international experience integration as a reality. Тhe phenomenon is comprehended simultaneously in the field of Russian patristic tradition and medicine, since it focuses pedagogical strategy and moral practice. In the Russian spiritual tradition, it fits into the processes of educating humanity, which receives a modern consideration both in moral and religious categories, and in the categories of natural science, which are significant for medicine. Spirituality is the category of thinking that changes the idea of a person in the existing reductionist approach to his integrity in medicine. The action of the worldview of the individual is considered as a mandatory constant, which acts as a constructive mechanism for the transformation of the value foundations of thinking and ethical reflection. The fundamentals of spiritual and moral education and patristic experience make complex conditions for the restoration of humanitarian culture in medicine. The purpose of the process is to qualitatively change its anthropological, ethical and psychological components. Systemic humanitarian knowledge is main for medical education. The author reveals the significance of the positive convergence of the humanities for medicine.

ANTHROPOLOGICAL SPHERE OF HUMAN EXISTENCE: RESTRICTIONS ON HUMAN RIGHTS DURING PANDEMIC THREATS

Purpose. The article is aimed to study the anthropological, socio-philosophical and philosophical-legal dimensions of the ontological sphere of human life within the discourse of restricting human rights during pandemic threats. To do this, one should solve a number of tasks, among which are the following: 1) to explore the anthropological and praxeological understanding of fear as a primary component of human existence in a pandemic, which prevents people from changing their lives for the better and healthier, having fun and happiness; 2) to put a focus on the habituation of fear as a two-dimensional (short-term and long-term) adaptation to risks and threats from pandemics; 3) to reflect the anthropological features of changes in human life experience under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic in the discourse of human rights and public health measures. Theoretical basis. Today, international guiding principles on human rights response to global natural threats have been updated. However, there are still no specific legal recommendations (both at the international and national levels) concerning measures on human rights protection during outbreaks of various infectious diseases. However, the influence of unexpected global challenges (especially COVID-19 and not just that) causes a change in the anthropological component of society and the state, so it requires immediate comprehensive research. Originality. It was substantiated a systematic approach to the implementation of modern healthcare policy towards the recognition of human life as the highest value, increasing the level of psychological preparedness for pandemic challenges and approximation of statutory provisions of human rights protection to modern challenges and threats to the health of the individual, society and state. The study of anthropological, socio-philosophical and philosophical-legal dimensions of human existence in the discourse of pandemic threats made it possible to reveal the profound influence of fear on human life, social justice and, consequently, identify the moral and legal dependence of the development level of society and the state on the level of axiological and anthropological concept of human dignity. Conclusions. Based on the study of statistical reports, international analysis and the use of personal authorial methods, the following can be stated: the methods of combating the modern pandemic have directly affected everyone on national and international level. Their influence is significant because it changes the rules of coexistence and life of people in all spheres. However, the influence on the consciousness and other intentions of the individual has mostly temporally insignificant limits.

PRIVATIZED VIOLENCE: THE ESSENCE AND TYPES OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN MODERN WORLD

The social nature of violence and its forms, peculiarities of manifestation and realization are considered in the article. The concept of «privatized violence» was conceptualized in the context of theoretical and general cultural studies of violence, which made it possible to distinguish it from the general conceptual term «social violence» and to define it as an objective factor of social development, as well as to organize it on various grounds. The reasons for the occurrence of privatized violence and the factors that cause it to intensify in the current context. On the basis of the historical experience analysis and modern practice, the content and specifics of the privatized violence manifestation, mechanisms and factors of its implementation in the modern world are investigated. Particular attention is paid to the impact of globalization processes on violence, the establishment and strengthening of its indirect, privatized forms. The manifestations of violence and aggression state the importance of biological and psychological qualities, but the determining factor is the social factor. The peculiarity of different approaches to the problem of privatized violence is the search for tools, a certain theoretical model that will exclude or regulate the manifestations of this social phenomenon at all levels of human practices. Analysis of the anthropological determinants of human aggressiveness shows that centuries of socio-genesis, a person's internal ability to contain his tendency to violence and aggression, is easily overcome by the influence of external factors, such as ideology. In addition, the sphere of human corporeality is now increasingly regulated through medicine, psychology, genetics, educational and manipulative technologies. If political violence is institutionalized, incorporated into the mechanism of action of society's values, embedded in the social structure by various methods, and transformed into an instrument of social order organization, primarily through coercion, stimulation and persuasion, then hidden violence, on the contrary, stimulates the increase of uncertainty and chaotic life of everyday life. The anthropological component of privatized violence turns it into a phenomenon of social consciousness, which is an essential factor determining the process of cultural and historical society development. The function of punishment exercised by the subjects of privatized violence to establish «social justice» is the modern equivalent of the institute of vengeance, which is based on a specific irrational understanding of people's perceptions of damages through revenge. The peculiarities of the political culture of transformational Ukrainian society are revealed, which influence the intensification of socio-political tensions and motivation for privatized forms of violence. Social groups that resort to privatized violence and models of communicative behavior and management styles in conflict and post-conflict situations are considered. The conclusion is made about the social conditionality of privatized violence and the feasibility of forming a culture of nonviolence, tolerance and consent in the current context.

Social impact assessment process for industry 4.0 to achieve sustainable artificial intelligence systems

The strategic environmental assessment (SEA) process can be broadly defined as a study of the social impacts of a proposed project, plan, policy or legislative action of intelligence systems on the society, environment and sustainability. The SEA process for sustainable intelligent systems has been aimed to incorporate society, environment and sustainability factors into the project planning and decision-making process for sustainable intelligent systems. Artificial intelligence systems (AIS) should consider the titled ‘environmental impact assessment (EIA)’ process that can be defined as the systematic identification and evaluation of the potential impacts (effects) of proposed projects, plans, programmes, policies or legislative actions relative to the biological physical, physico-chemical, biological, cultural, socio-economic and anthropological components of the total environment. The SEA process protocol is important as it has been proposed for studying and checking the productivity and quality of AIS. This treaty and official government procedures of SEA were helpful in the decision-making process much earlier than the EIA process. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, business, economics, environment, industry.

CARTESIAN PERSONAL METAPHYSICS

Purpose. To consider the personal nature of Cartesian metaphysics. Its implementation involves: a) outlining methodological changes in the philosophy of the twentieth century; b) analysis of ways to interpret anthropological component of philosophizing in Descartes studies; c) appeal to Descartes’ texts to clarify the authentic form of his interpretation of metaphysics. Theoretical basis. I base my view of Descartes’ legacy on the conceptual positions of phenomenology, existentialism and hermeneutics. Originality. Based on Descartes’ own concept of teaching, the author substantiates the personal nature of Cartesian metaphysics. Important prerequisites for its comprehension are attention to the ethical motive as the driving force of philosophizing and recognition of the importance of the poetic worldview. The idea of the basic role of poetics finds its meaningful confirmation in the texts of the philosopher, who interprets the main areas of philosophy (science, morality and medicine) as the forms of art. Conclusions. Based on his own vision of anthropology and metaphysics as the forms of completion of the revolution initiated by Copernicus, the author defends the idea of the constitutive presence of personality in Descartes’ metaphysics. In the process of studying the research literature, methodological guidelines are outlined in the form of the importance of personal determination of the search for truth, the key role of ethical motive and art as components of philosophizing. The thesis about the poetic form of presentation of metaphysics by Descartes as a form of fixation of its personal dimension is substantiated.

TO THE BASICS OF MODERN POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGY: FREEDOM AND JUSTICE IN THE SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY OF T. HOBBES

Purpose. The purpose of the study lies in critical reconstruction of Thomas Hobbes’s social contract theory as an important principle not only of modern political anthropology, but also of modern and postmodern social projects. As well as, in the unfolding of the fundamentally important both for the newest social-philosophical and philosophical-anthropological discourses of the thesis that each individual is the origin of both personal and institutional freedom and justice, making the contract first of all with himself, with his desires and sorrows and then with other people and the state. Theoretical basis. The principle of social contract offered by Hobbes became a new social, methodologically significant and relevant principle of regulation of activity, which indicates essential for the modern political philosophy and the philosophy of law transition from teleological (ancient and medieval) to legal (modern) ideas of justice. For an in-depth study of the philosophical and anthropological aspects of Hobbes’s contractualism, we used the historical-comparative and contextualization method, as well as the works of leading native and foreign researchers of Hobbes, who uphold the provisions on the organic affiliation of fundamental socio-philosophical and philosophical-anthropological questions about the nature of man, the relation of coercion, freedom and justice with the discourse of social contract. Originality. On the basis of a consistent analysis of the anthropological component of Hobbes’s theory of social contract, an in-depth understanding of modern contractualism and contemporary discussions in the field of its existential and anthropological component is offered, as well as the thesis that political anthropology is the core of the philosophical anthropology because it makes possible the methodologically important understanding of the basic problems of human existence – the interaction of justice and freedom, self-interest and public good, as well as it quite clearly outlines the ways to overcome the dilemmas of liberalism and communitarianism, individualism and holism. Conclusions. Political anthropology of T. Hobbes constructed in the context of a modern social project, justified the issue of interaction between freedom and justice, which is fundamentally important to nowadays, through the search for such a way of social relations, in which an individual, being in the realm of social existence, would seek to limit his own selfishness and freedom for the sake of the common will of the majority. Thanks to Hobbes, the idea of external humility in disobedience to the inner, of freedom of conscience as a "human and citizen", of an understanding of individual independence, which is not just a permissible but accepted by state power, has been acquired with exceptional theoretical and practical meaning. Thanks to Hobbes’s works, the essence (and the falsity of simplified interpretations of the latter’s heritage) was revealed by the relationship between the cooperative and the conflicted vision of man.

Essence and Freedom: Andrei Platonov’s Anthropological Intuitions

ABSTRACT Contemporary philosophical anthropology fluctuates between, on the one hand, the positivist rejection of the metaphysically loaded concepts of “essence” and “existence” in their theoretical constructions and, on the other, the essentialist traditions in which these concepts have played and continue to play a decisive role. Positivism rejects the ethical component of philosophical anthropology, reducing it to relativism. Essentialism nourishes the metaphysical overtones of ethics but cannot withstand comparison to real-life history, which provides examples of an anti-human (“hellish”) actuality in which there is seemingly no place for humanity. This article examines the anthropological intuitions of Andrei Platonov as the key to a new philosophical understanding of this issue. Platonov problematizes the concepts of “essence” and “existence,” placing them in the context of a “hellish reality” and tracing how this context “reworks” their meanings. Suffering and longing repeatedly take the place of “essence,” while “existence” ceases to be only a series of phenomena but becomes a foundation for meanings of essence.

Paleoanthropological study of a skull from a burial at the Chemurchek sanctuary Hulagash (Bayan-Ulgii aimag, Mongolia)

Recent studies show that, in the 3rd millennium BC, the highlands in the basin of the upper reaches of the Khovd (Kobdo) River constituted a ritual zone, which was of particular importance for the population inhabiting the western foothills of the Mongolian Altai Mountains. Its cultural singularity was due to the so-called Chemurchek cultural phenomenon — a set of characteristics of West European origin, which appeared there no later than 2700–2600 BC. Three large-scale ritual complexes-‘shrines’ attributed to this period were discovered in the area of Lake Dayan Nuur. Excavations conducted by the expedition of A.A. Kovalev and Ch. Munkhbayar revealed that these structures constituted fences consisting of vertical stone slabs, decorated all-over on the outside with the images of fantastic anthropomorphic creatures and animals. The excavation of Hulagash 1 (one of these sanctu-aries), radiocarbon dated to the middle of the 3rd millennium BC, revealed a single grave in the centre of the structure, synchronous with the time when the complex was used. The grave belonged to a man of advanced age, whose body was wrapped in a wide piece of cloth. The significance of this man being buried in the centre of the ritual site remains unclear. This person could have been sacrificed during construction or, conversely, he could have had a special status. Craniometrical measurement and dentological investigation of the scull from the Chemurchek sanctuary Hulagash were conducted; its graphic reconstruction was performed. Its anthropological type shows a significant Mongoloid component. Intergroup comparison revealed its significant morphological dif-ferences from markedly Caucasoid groups, including the Afanasievo culture of South Siberia and Central Asia. This excludes the morphogenetic continuity of the Chemurchek phenomenon from the antecedent Afanasievo popula-tion. The individual from Hulagash bears the greatest anthropological similarity to the Neolithic-Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age populations of the Circumbaikal region (Serovo and Glazkovo cultures) and the Barnaul-Biysk Ob area (Itkul and Firsovo XI burial grounds dating back to the pre-Bronze Age; Early Bronze Age burial grounds of the Elunino culture). This is obviously a manifestation of a shared anthropological substrate, since the anthropological component of the Baikal type (which the population of the Elunino culture included) was recorded in the Neolithic-Eneolithic materials from the northern foothills of the Altai Mountains. Remarkable morphological similarities between the individual from Hulagash and the bearers of the Elunino archaeological culture reinforce the assumption that there is a cultural affinity between the Chemurchek and Elunino populations of the Early Bronze Age.

Music as Synergy and Non-Classical Model of Man

The article explores the phenomenon of music from the viewpoint of Man. In the philosophy of music, the connection with man is getting relevant, replacing the positivism, as well as the speculatism, common to music theories in the past, when formal logical methods were used.The article focuses on the connection between man’s personal experience, his or her anthropological energy, that is the one that comes from the innermost foundations and utmost underlying feelings of the person (horror, pain, happiness, delight, and self-transcendence), and specific musical energy. In this rendering, we rest on the philosophical concept of the outstanding modern Russian thinker Sergey Khoruzhy. He describes man as an energetic entity formed by a limit-experience, which is the experience of reaching the limits of existence and consciousness. The synergistic approach to man continues the non-classical philosophical tradition of building the model of man using the categories like “energy”, “self-practice”, “limit-experience”, “constitution of man” and excluding the categories like “entity”, “substance”, “subject” present in the classical vision of man in European philosophy of the 17th—19th centuries.The anthropological component of the non-classical synergistic concept of music includes the comprehension of man through a certain typification of man’s striving to reach the limits. This philosophical anthropology depicts man opening up to the ontological, ontical and virtual limits.Music, as such synergy, stands for a projection of man, thus becoming the music of ontological, ontical and virtual striving. From this point of view, not only a specific concept of music is formed, different from other concepts, such as the concepts of music as a number and as an expression, but also an approach to the entire historical musical legacy and to musical practice, including composer’s, performer’s and listener’s activities.

Педагогические условия реализации ценностно-смысловой направленности обучения математике в высшей школе

The article actualizes the issue of updating the content, methods and means of teaching mathematics at the university within the sociocultural paradigm. A significant contradiction characterizing the crisis situation in the field of higher mathematical education is the mismatch between the traditional organization of the educational process and the powerful developing potential of mathematical disciplines. Being overloaded with a lot of information, altogether with its insufficiently developed anthropological, cultural-like and communicative components, mathematical education hinders the mental development of the learner’s personality in relation to such important qualities as search activity, creativity, and creative thinking. The solution to this problem can be the transformation of the cognitive-information model of learning, the introduction of pedagogical technologies that actualize the sociocultural aspect of mathematical education. The aim of the study is to develop methodological foundations for the implementation of the value-semantic orientation of teaching mathematics at the university, expressed in providing a set of pedagogical conditions related to the selection of content, determination of teaching aids and methods, ways of organizing the interaction of students and a teacher, in which students intelligently master mathematical concepts, and freely operate with them. The didactic conditions for the implementation of the value-semantic orientation of teaching mathematics at the university are: the transformation of mathematical content, expressed in learning from sociocultural experience; the psychodidactic approach, focused on building the students’ self-motivation; the use of teaching methods that provide cognitive and emotional empathy (educational mathematical discourse), the activization of productive mental activity (technology of problematic dialogue); inclusion of non-standard, creative tasks, training cases. Providing these conditions will allow to realize the humanitarian potential of mathematics, to reveal the social, practical and personal significance of the subject matter.

An Anthropological Component of Cultural Transfers

An Anthropological Component of Cultural Transfers

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CURRICULA OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR LOWER GRADES OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND GERMANY

This paper is intended to confirm the theoretical viewpoints, but also open new chapters in the field of advances in theory and practice of planning and designing physical education classes. The physical education curriculum ought to encapsulate the fundamental postulates of this field which comprises the educational and anthropological components. It is founded on practical application. The educational content is focused on developing functional knowledge, which together with the abilities and achievements attained should nurture a well-rounded personality in a child in terms of physical and mental health and interpersonal skills. The steps in designing a physical education curriculum are specific and consist of a number of stages which are dependent on a multitude of internal and external factors. One of the key prerequisites of a successful design is abiding by certain principles. It is worth mentioning that several approaches are common in tackling the issues and questions encountered while designing the physical education curriculum. This is the reason why the core premise in defining the issues in this paper is the difference or similarity of curriculum design in the two countries. I have therefore analyzed and compared the content of the global, operative and executive curricula in a number of schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Germany. Whether these curricula accomplish the objectives set, which curriculum is more acceptable, whether they are aligned with the real needs of today's children and whether they can be adapted are just some of the questions to which I endeavour to provide answers in this paper. It is especially important to mention the function of upbringing in a curriculum. The planned content should be such that it contributes to forming and strenghtening the moral characteristics and traits in students. To achieve this it is necessary to accomplish several tasks with the function of upbringing in addition to those which target the physical and intellectual development. This includes affecting the willpower and in practical terms substituting "I will, I can, I dare" for "I will not, I cannot, I don't dare", molding the character and conscious discipline, imparting a positive attitude towards work, teammates and material resources. To ensure the best possible class quality and that the aims and objectives have been met, the currently used curriculum should be analyzed and compared to determine whether: 1. It meets the aims and objectives of physical education 2. It takes the current constitution and abilities of students into consideration, but also the level of their motor skills and achievements and all other pertinent factors which affect or may affect the success of physical exercise 3. It is aligned with the individual needs of students and the existing working conditions which enable us to envisage which approaches, methods, tools and equipment would be most suitable.

Anthropological Component of the Competence Oriented Professional Education

Anthropological Component of the Competence Oriented Professional Education

Застосування інституційного підходу у проблемному полі філософії освіти

Purpose. The study is purposed to determine the civilization-significant trends in the development of educational institutions and the cultural forms of their organization in modern sociocultural contexts.
 Research methods. The research was carried out within the framework of the neoinstitutional approach to the analysis of the structures of modern education using the system-theoretical method introduced by N. Luhmann and developed by his followers, and the methodological foundations of synergetics. In analyzing the organizational and cultural forms of educational institutions, a phenomenological method is preferred, complemented by methods of historical genetic and structural-functional analysis. The cultural and anthropological component of the study, especially the task of justifying the conditions of the universality of educational institutions, required the involvement of hermeneutic and dialectical methods in its methodological program, as well as methods of anthropological interpretation and anthropological reduction.
 Theoretical basis. The author proceeds from the unsatisfactory vision of the transformations of educational institutions in Ukraine that occurred during the years of independence and focused primarily on the search for alternative forms of education, rather than on strengthening the competitiveness of the national education system, which sprays its resources and promotes social stratification of society. The destruction of the image of Ukrainian education acquires a systemic character, weakens educational institutions, destructively affects the world of life of institutions and deforms pedagogical relations.
 Scientific novelty. The author proves the need to develop, on the basis of an integrated methodology, the procedural concept of educational institutions, the transformation of which takes place not only outside, but also according to the internal logic of their organizational and cultural forms, and provides educational contingent reforms.
 Conclusions. The theory of modern educational institutions should explore not only their functional potential, but also predict the moments of their dysfunctionality, the dialectic of stabilization and destabilization of the education system as a result of its institutional changes. In contrast to the study of the self-organization of educational institutions in modern cultural and social anthropology of the biologically compensatory direction, the transition from statics to the procedural understanding of educational institutions makes it possible to consider them as conditions, resources and practices of self-transcendence of man, society and culture, and pathology, if institutionalized traditionalism emerges beyond the self-sufficiency of tradition and instead of creative self-realization of personality suggests using mechanisms of social and cultural cloning.

ФЕНОМЕН ЗЕМЛІ В УМОВАХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОЇ РЕАЛЬНОСТІ

ФЕНОМЕН ЗЕМЛІ В УМОВАХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОЇ РЕАЛЬНОСТІ

На пути к возрождению метафизики: С.Л. Франк и Э. Корет

На пути к возрождению метафизики: С.Л. Франк и Э. Корет

HUMAN IMAGE IN CLASSICAL ISLAM AND SUFISM: PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS

Purpose. The study aims to obtaine data about the human image in Islam through thought of the respective visions of both the classical directions of the Muslim religion and the attitudes of Islamic mysticism (Sufism). Achievement of this goal involves the application of methods such as philosophical analysis, comparative method, phenomenology, as well as the consistent solution of the following tasks: a) to analyze the main manifestations of anthropological ideas in Islam; b) to comprehend the specificity of Muslim ideas about a human in comparison with the corresponding Christian teaching; c) to consider disagreements between the interpretation of the essence and tasks of a human in the classical Islam and Sufism. Theoretical basis. The author proceedes from the unsatisfactory nature of the superficial interpretation of the human image in Islam, according to which a human is often expounded as a «slave of Allah», neglecting the multidimensionality of the metaphysical status of a human in Islam, as well as the polyparadigmality of the human image in various Islam directons. Originality. The author refines the human image in Islam in two aspects: first – in the aspect of his conceptual content and secondly – in the aspect of his paradigmatic diversity. Conclusions. The widespread beliefs among the researchers concerning the anthropological component of Islam are not sufficiently substantiated, since they often do not take into account the ambiguity and multidimensionality of the ideas of the Muslim religion towards a human. As it has been shown, the general Muslim ideas about the metaphysical status of a human include two dimensions – a human is interpreted as «the slave of Allah», as well as "the vicegerent of Allah". Within this perception of the human nature there are two various paradigms for interpreting the sphere of preferential fulfillment of a human's duties as the slave and the vicegerent. The first one is used by the classical Islam, it was called the externalistic paradigm. The internalistic paradigm is used by Sufism. The author presents that the theme of the human image in Islam is still not sufficiently studied and it requires further research. The comprehension of the existing in Salafist and Shiite varieties of Islam concerning the human nature interpretation and their essence and tasks are the most productive areas of such further research.

Intercultural communicatiom as anthropological linguodidactics component

The issue of the research is related to the account of nationally determined personality traits of a foreign student in the model of intercultural educational communication on the principles of anthropological linguodidactics. The relevance of the work is in determining the criteria for modeling intercultural learning communication in relation to Turkish students of the initial stage of education (levels A0-A2). The result of this study is the creation of a personally oriented Russian language teaching model for Turkish students of the preparatory faculty. Unlike traditional models, the proposed model is built into the anthropological paradigm of constructing educational models, taking into account primarily the existential needs of the Turkish language personality, as well as the mechanisms of interaction of the individual in the process of educational intercultural communication. The purpose of the work is to use the possibilities of anthropological linguodidactics in relation to intercultural communication, to identify the center and the periphery in the communicative space of Turkish students studying Russian language in order to enter the philological faculties of Russian universities. As the main method of research, we distinguish the method of constructing a learning model based on the principles and provisions of anthropological linguodidactics; the latter also involves the extensive use of practical methods: observation of interpersonal communication in groups of Turkish students, interviewing, and generalization of communication experience in the classroom and beyond. The material of the study is a real ongoing in the classroom of Turkish students learning process on the Russian language, as well as video and audio recordings of the process. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that educational intercultural communication is considered from the perspective of modern methodological science - anthropological linguodidactics. The theoretical significance of the work consists in the construction of a model of educational intercultural communication with the definition of the center and the periphery in relation to the Turkish students of the preparatory faculty. The construction of this model can help methodologists, theorists and teachers, practitioners optimally organize the learning process for the language training of Turkish students who intend to enroll in Russian universities. The study revealed a certain minimum of personal properties of Turkish students, significantly affecting their educational intercultural communication in the early periods of their stay in the training of preparatory faculties of Russia. This work allows to draw a conclusion about the prospects of further study of educational intercultural communication from the perspective of anthropological linguodidactics.

Self in a Space of Liminality: Toward the Rationale for Transformative Strategies of Higher Education

Transformative strategies for the development of higher education, pointed out in the list of key educational competencies of the 21st century by international organizations of various levels, are associated with the processes of becoming and transformation of individuals as integral subjects of cognition and action within the framework of communicative strategies for the formation of a global civil society. The implementation of transformative educational strategies in a meaningful aspect requires inter- and transdisciplinary methodologies to research the process of transformative adult learning aimed at developing an “integral person”, and not just its rational-cognitive aspects.
 Within this holistic approach, questions arise about the nature of the transformative changes in the basic ontological and anthropological components of the educational process in the context of the transition epoch, namely, the becoming a global transcultural civil society. In order to clarify the features of such transformations, the dynamics of the phenomena and concepts of identity and self is examined in terms of a change in the conceptual landscape of culture. Various disciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches to their definition are analyzed. The relevance of the concepts of multiple identity (as an open permanent identification process) and the transversal self (as a process-dialogue unity of differences) in the liminal space at the global and individual levels are substantiated.

The Natural, the Pragmatic and the Moral in Kant’s Anthropology: The Case of Temperaments

This paper explores the interconnections between the normative and the descriptive dimensions of Kant’s anthropology. It suggests that, far from being independent of each other or even excluding each other, as is often presupposed, the normative standpoint necessitates the explanatory one. To support this claim, I discuss the case of human temperaments and show in what sense a necessary component of pragmatic anthropology consists in the naturalistic study of human nature – what Kant calls “what nature makes of the human being.”1