Anthropological Component Research Articles

SPACES OF ART CULTURE ORGANIZATION CREATED BY WOMEN INTELLECTUALS OF THE 17TH CENTURY

Background. The concepts of cultural space and cultural space were analyzed by A.Ya. Flier, L.P. Repina and others. In Western European culture of the 17th century, the problem of the place and role of a woman creator became more acute. The beginning of the present of women’s creativity originates in those times. Women's intellectual culture is a mental and verbal foundation created by creative women of a specific historical era and a specific country. The relevance of the study of women's intellectual culture of the 17th century is associated with the revival of the awareness of women creators of the past and the destruction of stereotypes in relation to women's creativity. The article analyzes the aspect of the organization of women's intellectual culture of the 17th century in order to identify the spaces in which women creators created works of art. Methods. While analyzing cultural institutions, an axiological approach is used with the inclusion of an anthropological component. While analyzing the space of art culture organization, methods such as analysis of the physical characteristics of the space, its internal structure, functions, values, place and role of creators in it and the results of their creative activity are used. Results. Creative women in the 17th century create their own spaces for the production of artistic cultural objects. Such spaces are monastery, female academy, salon, and Women’s Republic of Letters. Conclusion. The closed spaces for the organization of women's intellectual culture were monastery and female academy, where works of art were created within the framework of tradition. The open space was the salon, which created favorable conditions for creative innovation. In the space of Women’s Republic of Letters the new principles of upbringing and education were worked out.

Knowledge without Epistemology

The universality of scientific principles, theories, laws is never purely “objective”, it has a strong anthropological component. A theory of knowledge invoking transhistorical agencies is therefore not only dead — it was never alive; its so-called successes are nothing but an immense chimera. Scientific research knows no universal boundary conditions or standards whether of a conventional, aprioristic, or empirical kind but uses and invents rules according to circumstance without regarding the selection as a separate “epistemic” act and often without realising that an important choice is being made.

Understanding Childhood: A literature Review

A child’s identity can be explained by certain characteristics such as age, size, and physical developments and so on. Childrenare critical for the continuance of the human society. The journey through childhood determines individual personalities and the ability to handle the demands and responsibilities of adulthood. Every society is and should be interested in the well-being of the child. The concept of childhood consists of all the experiences happening within this period of life. The vulnerability of the child has not only prompted interest in the person of the child, but also makes it necessary to legalize laws and rights, enforce rules to protect and ensure its well-being by governing bodies, parents, cultural practices and so on. Different approaches and schools of thoughts have debated the main determinants and components of childhood, and the resulting behaviors in later life. This paper is based on the need to understand the background of human behavior which is ultimately traced to childhood components and experiences. This paper is theoretical in nature and has reviewed scholarly articles on the genetics, cultural, and anthropological components of childhood, carefully selected from credible and accredited databases. This paper also discusses, objectively, the criticisms facing these approaches to childhood, such as the child’s personality trait, people’s perception of who a child is, and the use of media to facilitate those perceptions. Lastly, the paper establishes the individualism of a child regardless of external factors, as a main contributor to the personality and behavior of the child, and later as an adult member of the society, making a huge impact on the success of that society.

The Perspective of Martyr Motahhari and John Rawls on Gender Justice in Education

The aim of the present study is to conduct a comparative analysis of gender justice in education from the perspectives of Martyr Motahhari and John Rawls in order to propose a model. This research is applied in terms of its objectives and employs a comparative content analysis approach for data collection. Initially, data were gathered through note-taking and information recording, leading to the identification of comparative components in the thoughts of Martyr Motahhari and John Rawls, with the purpose of proposing a model. The research scope included books, articles, and studies that focused on the comparative education perspectives of Martyr Motahhari and John Rawls, with the aim of proposing a model. A total of 130 volumes were selected through purposive and criterion-based sampling, ensuring their relevance and currency with the subject matter. The study encompassed all books, articles, and published research, which were coded by various researchers using a coding method. The tools used for data collection were note-taking from credible sources, articles, and documents, conducted in a library or archival manner. The data analysis method involved coding techniques, including open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The findings indicated that the previous research conducted by other scholars somewhat aligns with the results obtained in this study, and some of the indicators and components identified in the present research are validated by previous findings. After reviewing and studying the theoretical foundations, research background, and documentation in articles and with researchers, 4 dimensions, 16 components, and 48 indicators were ultimately identified. These include value-oriented components comprising 4 components and 12 indicators, anthropological components comprising 4 components and 12 indicators, epistemological components comprising 4 components and 12 indicators, and psychological components comprising 4 components and 12 indicators.

Kelta temetkezések embertani vizsgálata Vác-Kavicsbánya lelőhelyről

In this paper the results of the physical anthropological analysis of 18 (12 inhumated, 6 cremated) Celtic graves – excavated from the site of Vác-Kavicsbánya – are presented. Among them 8 males, 7 females and 4 individuals of indeterminable sex (one of them is a child) could be distinguished. Due to the low number of the examinable graves the detailed paleodemographic analysis couldn’t be compiled. The morphometric analysis could be performed only in the case of 2 females, who showed the presence of the brachycranic individuals in the series. This anthropological component can be linked to the immigrant Celts. The pathological investigation based on macromorphological investigation, showed the occurrence of common diseases, which were characteristic in the prehistoric times (like poroticus hyperostosis or fracture). The examination of cremated graves showed that the amount/weight of the ashes was low, which could be caused by several factors (for example by selective collection of ashes from the pyre). Beside it, the colour of the ashes was mainly yellowish white, which suggests that the cremation proses were at a low temperature.

Interpretation of «Khutir’s philosophy» in the novel Liuko Dashvar «RAI. center»

At the beginning of the 21st century, a specific category of the artistic model of «peasantry», which is rooted in a peculiarly Ukrainian «philosophy of the heart» (cordocentrism), gets a new life and moves away from religious interpretation, turning towards national, spiritual, anthropological components. In the metaphilosophical sense and interpretation, Ukrainian cordocentrism is a national philosophy, which in artistic images and theoretical concepts expresses the awareness of human integrity and the understanding of the inseparable unity of man with God, spiritual reality, the transcendent. The study of changes and features of the transformation of this worldview in the work of domestic writers, in particular, Liuko Dashvar, would contribute to the continuity of artistic models traditional for Ukrainian literature. Therefore, there is a need for a thorough study of the features of the artistic interpretation of «khutir’s philosophy» as a specific worldview system in modern Ukrainian literature with taking into account its genre and style trends. Thus, in our study, through the prism of «khutir’s philosophy», an analysis of modern youth and the urban rich was carried out with emphasis on two spaces — the city and the small town. The system of characters is built according to two lines: images from the first,«people from the people» (carriers of true spiritual values), opposed to the immoral world of the city, in particular, those in power (the embodiment of social vices). Accordingly, the space of a district center, a town, a village is opposed to a metropolis as a center of decency and humanity to a space of greed and moral degradation. In the novel, the main worldview modes of the «khutir’s philosophy» are correlated with the system of character images and the organization of the artistic space. It was concluded that in Ukrainian literature, the «khutir’s philosophy» retains its significance as a holistic worldview which is manifested in the problematic of the works, the author’s principles of organization of the characters’ system and the chronotope.

THE HISTORICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL AND THEOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF ORTHODOXY IN THE CREATIVE HERITAGE OF P. YEVDOKIMOV

The article provides a general overview of the philosophical and epistemological vision of P. Yefremov’s views on the Orthodox worldview. The subject field of onto­gnoseological, methodological and anthropological components of P. Yevdokimov’s worldview position is outlined. The position of the thinker regarding the philosophical and theological components of the genesis of Orthodox doctrine is determined. P. Yevdokimov’s attempts to define the peculiarities of epistemological traditions of human cognition of the animal world and non­commodity God in the Eastern branch of Christianity are emphasized. The author analyzes the thinker’s reflections on the relationship between denominations in Christianity on the basis of ancient Greek philosophy and the theological tradition of the first five centuries. The author emphasizes the special role of Jewish and Byzantine cultures, as well as the teachings of Plato and Aristotle in this process. The eschatological characterization of Christianity in the views of P. Yevdokimov as a basis for understanding the mystical and sacred nature of the Creator’s dialogue with man and the world was considered. The issues of the methodological dimension of human cognitive capabilities are highlighted on the example of apophatic and cataphatic ways of comprehending the image of God. A descriptive and comparative analysis of these methods is carried out, their weaknesses and strengths are highlighted, as well as the impact of these methods on the Orthodox culture of thinking in general. P. Yvdokimov’s desire to point out the mystical and sacred nature of the dialogue between man and the Creator in the Christian worldview is emphasized. The author traces the creative attempts of the French thinker to include in his analysis a number of new concepts and their author’s content, which form our understanding of the semantic image of his philosophy. The author emphasizes the special philosophical status of man (as a subject of cognition) in the cognitive element of the human spirit, as a witness, commentator, participant and interpreter. The problem of love is revealed through an epistemological component, the important elements of which are the concepts of «heart» and «asceticism». This emphasizes the role of the monastic experience of Christianity in the formation of the Orthodox tradition of thinking. P. Yevdokimov’s view on a special way of interpreting the Holy Scriptures and the patristic heritage – through feelings, as a form of exegesis, which the thinker calls «the instincts of Eastern Orthodoxy» is studied.

Development of Entrepreneurial Skills on the Basis of Innovative Technologies

The article notes that the quality of education in developed countries is determined by the level of initiative of the staff, the level of development of its innovative and creative activity, the practice of developing entrepreneurial abilities of students based on socio-psychological trainings, business games, television shows, debates in South Korea, China is also widespread. Russia, Germany and France, including reforms in the education system, are focused on issues of developing entrepreneurship in the future, improving mechanisms for their development creativity.Along with the foregoing, the article focuses on the sociological and anthropological components and ethno-regional factors of entrepreneurship development, the national mentality and principles of social partnership as a result of global research on entrepreneurship development.

Information Model «Ukrainian Bibliography in Persons» as Determinant of Modern Information Society

The purpose of the article. The study of the peculiarities of the representation and existence of bibliographic and biobibliographic data on the background of the information society. The latter corresponds to the specific functioning of the electronic library, the structural part of the information model “Ukrainian Bibliography in Persons”. The research methodology consists in using of comparative and historical-logical methods. This methodological approach allows us to disclose and analyse certain models of information about the anthropological component in the social relations provided by libraries. Scientific novelty of the work consists in the special construction of the information model “UBP”, which emphasises biographical data, consistently associated with other sources of information, in particular with biobibliographic, biographical, and thesaurus as well. Conclusions. The development of the general concept of building an open, integrated electronic bibliographic resource “UBP” provides that it is appropriate to develop on a corporate basis a series of leading libraries that need to ensure a permanent match of software and hardware with modern standards, a unified and simple user interface and remote access support. It also helps develop criteria for the selection of documents, unified description, and the cataloging of electronic documents, correlation of the description with the original; information integrity and guaranties of its permanent and continuous delivery to consumers, constant content analysis of the online reference sources, scientific libraries of Ukraine and the Ukrainian diaspora websites as well, identify and digitise retrospective sources of Ukrainian bibliography. Keywords: information models, information society, bibliography, biobibliography, Ukrainian bibliography in persons.

Is a Dialogue between Philosophy and the Educational Technologies Possible? (Based on the Results of Webinars by Experts of the “SoftServe” Company, 2022).

Based on analysis of the Tech Summer for Teachers Bootcamp webinars for the educational community organized by the IT Company SoftServe, attention is focused on their interdisciplinary approach, in particular in the teaching of philosophical disciplines. Special attention was paid to the anthropological component in the field of information technologies, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity and virtual communication. The author argues that online learning technologies (accessibility and inclusion), teaching methods (nonviolent communication, coaching) contribute to the quality of the educational process in the conditions of contemporary civilization.

Games and genes: human diversity meets cytogenetics-Mexico 1968.

The 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico included innovative practices and technological knowledge of human biology. The first time that cytogenetic techniques had been applied to athletes was in the 1966 European Athletics Championship in Budapest and used on Olympic athletes for the first time in Mexico in 1968. The Genetics and Human Biology Program (Programa de Genética y Biología Humanas, PGBH) was created for this purpose in 1966 in close collaboration with the Local Organizing Committee (Comité Organizador, CO), by Mexican geneticists Alfonso León de Garay and Rodolfo Félix Estrada who led the project. The main objective was to study the genetic and anthropological components which determine an Olympic athlete's abilities. This investigation studied 1,265 game participants and included family studies, cytological analyses, research on single genes, and the study of sex determination. In terms of influence beyond Mexico, this Program was significant as a site of transnational collaboration. It mobilized cognitive and financial resources, scientific practices, and material culture to set up a clinical laboratory in the Olympic Village. The Program also hosted three international seminars in Mexico City, two before the games, to calibrate clinical trials and anthropological tests. One in 1969 to analyze the results and proceed to their publication in 1974. This manuscript will focus on the PGBH to show how its work fits in the larger tapestry of post-1945 human biological studies. Also, to explore how the Olympic athlete populations studied can be considered laboratories of knowledge production or sites of cognition conceived as specific entities for scientific inquiry, standardization of medical practices, and the production or application of medicines. Finally, through the narrative of the different trajectories and collaborations of the leaders of the PGBH, this manuscript will show how contact between their scientific practices brought cytogenetics and sports together.

LOUIS ALTHUSSER’S CRITIQUE OF THE POLITICAL THEORY

The article analyzes various projects of hybridization of materialism and political theory in one conceptual system. Special attention is paid to the critical analysis of the phenomenon of economic materialism of the nineteenth century, which for a long time remained the only example of a materialistic analysis of politics. The subsequent development of materialism that became a new limit of economic determinism, put new problems in the context of the capabilities of materialistic policy. The author proposes to follow the argument of the French philosopher Louis Althusser as a philosophy of aleatory materialism created by the thinker himself, including to substantiate the variations of materialistic understanding of the political. The article consistently disassembled the prerequisites for the crisis of the Marxist economic interpretation of history, which, at the original stage of its own formation, had extremely few common with philosophical materialism. The further struggle of new materialists with the idea of a universal explanatory principle ultimately allowed them to create a new type of philosophical knowledge that is not related to the idea of universal history. The focus in this case is chained to the political aspect of Althusser's Materialism regarding the theory of conjuncture as a genuine object of any materialistic politics. Finally, the author compares aleatory materialism with a number of other directions of post-modern materialistic ontology, whose representatives direct their own criticism towards the anthropological component of the political theory, which, however, leads to the denial of this discipline in principle. Thus, it is Althuserianism that in couple with Schmitterism, are the only examples of a successful project to create a materialistic theory of politics.

ONTOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF TECHNOLOGY: CATEGORIAL ANALYSIS

The article reveals the ontological essence of technology on the basis of identifying categories that reflect the meaning of technology at various stages of the development of society. Categories: copying, serving, overcoming, production, progress, process, revolution, science, technogenic environment, technosphere, noosphere, alienation force, pollution factor, collective intelligence, technical reality, technotronic civilization, transformation - they consistently reveal the ontology of technology. The significance of the Kappa concept of technology, which defines technology as an extension of a human being, is shown. The influence of the historical context in the formation of categories describing the essence of technology is revealed. Much attention is paid to the inconsistency, multidimensionality of the phenomenon of technology. The article defines the specifics of using the categories of technogenic environment and technosphere. The significance of the natural scientific concept of the noosphere is shown. The analysis of the features of the fifth technological revolution is given, the prospects for the formation of a technotronic society are shown. It has been established that the most important ontological basis of the phenomenon of technology is the anthropological component, which does not remain constant. The question is raised about the possibility of self-sufficiency of technology in the ontological sense, the formation of its independence from a person and the likelihood of such a scenario. The technotronic civilization is just being formed and the prospects for its development are not unambiguous, technology can acquire new, completely unexpected qualities, which requires further research.

Holidays and the Anticipation of Ritual

COVID‐19 disrupted so much. It also disrupted rituals, holidays and events on an incredible scale. Many of us lost track of time without these expected markers.But 2021 is all about a new perspective. I found myself anticipating and wanting to engage with rituals as never before. January 2021 was the beginning of a journey to reestablish ritual and patterns of time. I chose to note and celebrate and anticipate simple holidays. This is new territory for me as I did not celebrate holidays to any degree pre‐2021. They were noted but I did not really participate. That has changed. The curious researcher in me is on a journey to explore and embrace holidays and ritual. I now anticipate holidays instead of being a passive passenger in time. Calendars adorn my walls and I plan holidays like people plan vacations. And I'm shopping…I think this effort is underpinned by observation. I'm really taking a step back to see these rituals with new eyes. I'm even excited to buy holiday themed postage stamps! Who does that?! Well, me now. A big part of the enjoyment is deconstructing holidays into anthropological components – color, food, patterns, icons, context, clothing, decorations, symbols, etc. All researchers should embrace these rituals as a kind of cognitive and temporal exercise and use these experiences to connect with people, colleagues and participants. I've been able to use this holiday hobby to entertain and amuse, but more importantly, to connect with people. At first virtually, but now more and more in real life. It's whimsical, It's fun, it's silly, but it's a new story that my socially‐distanced friends and family can engage with.Anticipation is all about curiosity and the future. Holidays can help build muscle memory for experience, connection and empathy which are critical skills for researchers and the curious. Participating in rituals like holidays is a way to become a better observer. Think of it as temporal exercise.

How Bizarre, How Bizarre, How Bees Are: Domus and Umwelt in the Multispecies Entanglements of Humans and Honeybees

Relationships between humans and honeybees are complex because they are deeply entangled. These entanglements take on many forms, such as those present in the honeybees’ self-centered worlds—umwelt—as well as the intersections in their mutually constituted lived world, or their domus. As honeybees are involved in pollinating up to 85 percent of the world’s agricultural crops, understanding these entanglements is a vital component of environmental anthropology. To high­light these interconnected relationships as they apply to commercial beekeepers, this paper explores the case study of an Australian almond farmer named Mark deCaux who has incorporated beekeeping into his agricultural practices to ensure his crops are adequately pollinated. Since adopting beekeeping, his crops have grown his apiary to a commercial-sized practice. Through the lens of his experiences, the concepts of umwelt and domus emphasize the intricate negotiations between humans and honeybees that constitute their mutually entangled relationships.

Global Changes in Higher Education: Post-Covid Times

In this article we talk about education as a global phenomenon that includes many actors with their own political interests. In this regard, the question of the anthropological component of modern education, including in the international context, arises extremely sharply: what kind of person is formed by the new global education, to whom it applies, and what values it forms. Main trends in global education policy are defined. The formation of a global educational policy has not yet been completed, and the pandemic of coronavirus infection has brought both positive and negative aspects. We name both of them: the advantages and disadvantages of pandemic situation that shifted the global higher education into the different format. Also, we make the forecast on further higher education development.

Методологические особенности исследования интересов субъектов права собственности

Introduction: the problem of identifying the features of studying the interests of the subjects of property rights is of great methodological importance. The question of what are the specifics of the study of a particular scientific problem is the key one that sets the beginning of the entire process of scientific knowledge. The purpose of the study: to identify the features of studying the legal institute of the interests of the subjects of property rights. Methods: the research involved both general methods of scientific knowledge and private law methods, namely, formal legal, the method of interpretation of legal norms, comparative legal analysis. Results: the problems of the interests of the subjects of property rights were studied from different conceptual and methodological positions. Along with the applied and theoretical level, a theoretical and cognitive approach to the study of the interests of property rights subjects is proposed. Special attention is focused on the development of linguistichermeneutical and anthropological components of the modern methodology of cognition. The opinion on the need to take into account these trends in the study of the problems of interests of subjects of various forms of ownership is justified. Conclusions: the features of studying the interests of the subjects of property rights are that highlighting the applied and theoretical levels, it is advisable to focus on the actual theoretical and cognitive core of the study of this legal institute, on the positioning of the content, features of the legal vision, understanding of the legal reality. The models and mechanisms for the realization of the interests of owners in modern Russian law should be studied from a philosophical and sociological perspective, as well as from the perspective of the development of modern theoretical jurisprudence. One of the current trends in the field under study is the strengthening of the role of linguistic and anthropological components in studying the interests of subjects of private, state, and other forms of property. These developing areas of the methodology of knowledge of law open up new opportunities for the interpretation and understanding of legal texts and legal vocabulary.

Онтология и практика преподавания математики в высшей и средней школе

Discussed are problems of modern mathematical education: the development of the conceptual apparatus of mathematics, as well as the development of thinking in modal categories when proving mathematical propositions and solving probabilistic problems. The work is based on the results of the explication of the ontological foundations of mathematics obtained earlier. It is shown that the basis of a holistic, deep perception of the mathematical laws of being is categorical intuition with subsequent rationalization of mathematical objects. It is emphasized that such objects are not always possible to describe by means of extensional logic: an important place in the categorical structuring of mathematical knowledge is occupied by ontic modalities of the necessary and possible. The author expresses concern about the tendency of algorithmization of mathematical thinking in the learning process as opposed to historically established methods of creative search for proofs, alternatives, and opportunities. Special attention is paid to the topic of the teacher’s implementation of the ideological and educational function of mathematical science. Taking into account the enormous development of computing and information technologies, it is necessary to remember about the anthropological and humanitarian components of modern science and education. In substantiation of the relevance and discussion of the raised issues, the points of view of specialists from various fields are given: mathematicians, historians, teachers. This article is addressed to a wide range of readers: scientists, teachers, graduate students, freelance researchers.

Предпосылка развития спасительно- исторической концепции происхождения народов на Земле после потопа

The purpose of the study is to analyze the socio-cultural specifics of the process of the emergence and development of races and their influence on a global scale. The article deals with the issues of the population of our planet within specific territories and their specific ancestors. The population originates from the family of Noah, from his three sons. Here comes a new period of the human race. The subsequent events associated with the family of Noah, the only survivor on Earth from the waters of the flood, had an important factor in the settlement of our planet. The scientific novelty consists in the following: the object of the study "population after the flood" is designated, which combines the anthropological, ontological and historical components of research in the field of religious philosophy; at the scientific level, a saving and historical program for all mankind is presented.

Language Use and Professional Discourse as an Important Component of Forensic Anthropology

Communication plays a vital role in the perception of forensic anthropology as a necessary and beneficial component ofsociety, and, as anthropologists, we are responsible for communicating in a way that is considered appropriate by the communities weserve. Consequently, understanding what constitutes “appropriate” and “inappropriate” language is an important component of forensicanthropology. Despite the importance of communication, classroom learning and professional training in forensic anthropology do notalways directly address language use. Using concepts from linguistic anthropology, the aim of this study is to determine what registersexist within forensic anthropology; how they are learned, understood, and communicated; the ways in which they compare to language usein other forensic disciplines; and why it is important to address professional language use in forensic anthropology. The term registerrefers to linguistic repertoire associated with particular persons and social settings, varying culturally with individuals and their socialpractices (Agha 1999). Data collected from an online questionnaire distributed to members of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences(AAFS) were used to analyze individual perceptions of language use in professional settings. Results show that register is affected bydemographic variation among professionals, audience, location, and professional experience. Registers that commonly appear includetechnical jargon, professional, respectful, and humorous language. This study concludes that language competency is vital in maintainingan ethical relationship with both public and professional communities, and that students and early professionals would benefit from a moredirect approach to learning the significance and use of language in forensic settings.