Anthropological Aspects Research Articles

Прагматика смеха в эллинистической философии

The article deals with the philosophical possibilities of laughter in the Hellenistic age. At first, we specify the role of laughter in various genres of philosophical speech, and then we divide different types of laughter. Further, we analyze the use of laughter for liberation, however, we notice not the general anthropological aspect of “Culture of popular laughter”, but the specific philosophical possibilities of this liberation. If the whole world is a comedy, then philosophical laughter overcomes the private perspective — not to the “Collective body”, but to the perspective of the divine view. Finally, we explore the relation between laughter and the concept of godlikeness (ὁμοίωσις θεῷ).

In Search of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem: an Anthropology of Archaeological Research in the Holy Land

The article analyzes the cultural context of the emergence and development of biblical archeology and modern Palestinian studies. It is concluded that the history of scientific research in the Holy Land must take into account the anthropological aspect, the mentality and dependence of the scientist on the general cultural context and environment during his work. The second part of the article examines the result of interfaith interaction between researchers using the example of Russian excavations at the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in the 1880s.

Anthropological aspects of the philosophy of tourism

Anthropological aspects of the philosophy of tourism

Anthropology of the Thaw. Friendship Stories of the Ural And Moscow Artists

The article represents the anthropological aspect of friendship between the famous Ural and Moscow artists of the sixties. The study is focused on the personality of the sculptor Ernst Neizvestny, who was born in Sverdlovsk, studied and worked in Moscow (and later in Europe and the USA). Ernst Neizvestny was the link between the artistic realities of the Urals and the capital city. When visiting his parents in his hometown, he met with the Ural artists, who in turn often visited the Neizvestny’s Moscow studios, and after the collapse of the USSR, they were keeping in touch while being abroad. In the study, based on a range of personal sources, for example interviews and publications, the theme of the Thaw Generation, friendship between artists is considered not only in the social context of mutual support, but also as a special phenomenon that brings together the characters, styles and symbols of creativity. The study proves that through the exchange of ideas and subjective perceptions the artistic culture of that time, deviating from the socialist realistic canons, but forced to be in the ideological field of Soviet culture, developed.

Social Mobility: Concepts, Policies and Human Rights

Although the migration phenomenon is extremely mediated and has been analyzed in countless studies, there are still many ambiguities with regard to conceptualization, the integration of the term in the related field(s) and the development of public policies that would respond to the actual needs triggered by the phenomenon. This study aims at providing conceptual disambiguation, at establishing a historical and epistemic framework and, last but not least, at pointing to a series of anthropological aspects that have been correlated with the evolution of public policies and the respect for individual rights for the past six decades. As a starting point for our study, migration is regarded as a natural historical phenomenon that needs to be accepted and integrated in our contemporary life, as an ingrate component of globalization. Any public policy must be based on the fundamental principle according to which human life stands above anything. Moreover, we have emphasized the need to overcome two profoundly preconceived images of the immigrant that have dominated the collective imaginary for a long time: the intruder/invader and the slave.

Digital Culture in Information Society: Anthropological Aspect

The purpose of the article is to investigate the anthropological aspect of digital culture in the context of the information society. The methodology of the study is based on the fundamental principles of historical and cultural analysis. Within the framework of such areas of cultural science as phenomenology, hermeneutics, dialogistic, semiotics, the methodological basis for the analysis of the consequences of the anthropological revolution in the information society from the perspective of modern scientific concepts has been formed. Scientific novelty of the research consists in the comprehension of the anthropological essence of digital culture as a moderator of the formation of a new social type of man – a «digital culture man», as well as a determinant of structural changes in the institutional system of society. Conclusions. The thesis of the active role of a human in the process of digital technology creation is the basis of the study. It has been established that the change of socio-cultural paradigm and the formation of digital culture have led to radical structural changes in the modern institutional system of society and has determined the emergence of a «digital culture man». A «digital cultural man»thinks creatively, focuses on the digital format of information perception and is capable of adapting to the dynamic transformation of the information field. It is shown that the transition to digital format has not only provided a significant increase in the volume of information, expanded the range of users, but has also become a factor in blurring the boundary between the real and virtual worlds of a man, has created a «digital divide» and has created a platform for hybrid wars. Key words: information society, information culture, digital culture, digital technology, information security, hybrid warfare.

Analysis of Iranian Political and Cultural Civilization Based on the Book Siyast Name (Known as the Encyclopedia or Political Encyclopedia of Iran) Written by Khajeh Nazam-al-Molk Tusi

The valuable book of policy written by Nazam al-Mulk Tusi (author of the fifth century AH) is one of the most beautiful and valuable books of Iranian culture, which is a kind of indicator of the great civilization of the ancient Iranians. And it is necessary to introduce this civilization to the world. In every era of Persian literature, society is of utmost importance. In prose and poetic literature can be a source of social themes، customs and aspects of anthropology observed. One of the prose Policy Nazam al-Mulk Tusi's work at the fifty fifth century AD, including religious, political, cultural, social written. He is responsible for having sufficient knowledge of the Ministry for thirty years and deal with all classes in society, different issues, with an intellectual notion. He talks of rituals majority of tasks entrusted to him if the righteous jobs and everyone will have a job And justice occupations for their work and inspection and supervision and enforcement operatives are businesses; The result of the progress and prosperity of the society and people living comfort and use of public funds in place And the rights of a person by a crushing massive bribery of society.

"La parola “progresso”: c’è vita oltre la morte? C’è vita oltre la guerra? "

"The Word ""Progress"": Is There Life Beyond Death? Is There Life Beyond War? This article’s purpose is to analyze as thoroughly as possible one of the most interesting dramas of the well-known French-Romanian dramatist Matei Vişniec. This work is based on some of the most horrible events that happened during and after the Yugoslavian wars and it narrates a global experience – on many semantic levels and utilizing hermeneutical instruments – throughout the story of a single family, making, in the process, stand out in a clearer way the rich relations between the living and the phantasmatic category of the “living-dead” that continues to communicate with the former. I’ve operated, to shed a light on those phenomena, an analysis based on some anthropological studies that take in exam the violence’s dynamics, but also, of course, I’ve used many auxiliary studies published in Italy and France, that analyze more in detail the drama in question. But the peculiarity of my study is to apply some of the anthropological aspects of war and to collocate this work in the context in which it belongs, demonstrating also how the dramatist has done some thorough research before composing the drama. Keywords: drama, Yugoslavian wars, physical dispossession, “wild capitalism” "

The strategy of the historical policy of Ukraine in the context of the development of the Russian-Ukrainian war: an anthropological aspect

In a confrontation with an aggressor who uses various hybrid tools, the correct conduct of humanitarian policy is of great importance. Unfortunately, in the realities of the Russian-Ukrainian war, there is no special strategy of historical policy. Therefore, development and its further improvement is an important topic of both theoretical and practical research. The purpose of the article is to investigate the Strategy of the Historical Policy of Ukraine in the context of the development of the Russian-Ukrainian confrontation. The research is based on the use of general scientific and special historical research methods. In the results, the phenomenon of historical policy is defined, a model of the Strategy of Historical Policy of Ukraine is developed, and possible challenges to its implementation are outlined. The following directions are outlined in the Strategy model: reorganization of the National Unity Council, de-communization, reforms in the field of education and science, organization of educational work among the population, and commemoration of Ukrainian historical and modern heroes. Therefore, the model was developed taking into account anthropological principles: the emphasis is on the transformation of society and its mental components. The conclusions summarize that the schematic model of the Historical Policy Strategy will require further scientific discussion.

Machine learning and discriminant function analysis in the formulation of generic models for sex prediction using patella measurements

Sex prediction from bone measurements that display sexual dimorphism is one of the most important aspects of forensic anthropology. Some bones like the skull and pelvis display distinct morphological traits that are based on shape. These morphological traits which are sexually dimorphic across different population groups have been shown to provide an acceptably high degree of accuracy in the prediction of sex. A sample of 100 patella of Mixed Ancestry South Africans (MASA) was collected from the Dart collection. Six parameters: maximum height (maxh), maximum breadth (maxw), maximum thickness (maxt), the height of articular facet (haf), lateral articular facet breadth (lafb), and medial articular facet breath (mafb) were used in this study. Stepwise and direct discriminant function analyses were performed for measurements that exhibited significant differences between male and female mean measurements, and the “leave-one-out” approach was used for validation. Moreover, we have used eight classical machine learning techniques along with feature ranking techniques to identify the best feature combinations for sex prediction. A stacking machine learning technique was trained and validated to classify the sex of the subject. Here, we have used the top performing three ML classifiers as base learners and the predictions of these models were used as inputs to different machine learning classifiers as meta learners to make the final decision. The measurements of the patella of South Africans are sexually dimorphic and this observation is consistent with previous studies on the patella of different countries. The range of average accuracies obtained for pooled multivariate discriminant function equations is 81.9–84.2%, while the stacking ML technique provides 90.8% accuracy which compares well with those presented for previous studies in other parts of the world. In conclusion, the models proposed in this study from measurements of the patella of different population groups in South Africa are useful resent with reasonably high average accuracies.

Unofficial toponyms in the linguistic consciousness of Yaroslavl residents: estimated component

The experiment is one of the effective ways to study the semantics of unofficial toponyms in the linguistic consciousness. The article presents a psycholinguistic description of unofficial toponyms of Yaroslavl. The toponyms is based on associative fields. We mean that unofficial toponyms are lexemes which are not fixed in dictionaries. In urban speech these toponyms have unofficial names of geographical objects. For the study, we chose two unofficial toponyms: Pyaterka and Bragino. Based on the results of free and directed associative experiments, we have formed associative fields of the corresponding toponyms. All the reactions received were divided into semantic groups. We compared semantic zones and evaluative reactions. This allowed us to identify the degree of mastery and peculiarities of the perception of unofficial toponyms by the linguistic consciousness of Yaroslavl residents. The following semantic zones were identified in the associative field obtained as a result of a directed associative experiment. These zones complement the zones of free associative experiment: "Spatial aspect", "Anthropological aspect", "Urban aspect", "Subjective-emotional aspect", "Visual aspect". On the one hand, the use of various experiments makes it possible to verify the data obtained, and on the other hand, it helps to significantly expand the semantics of the associative field, including identifying the evaluative component.

SPIRITUALITY AND TECHNOLOGY: A THREEFOLD PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION

AbstractDespite the prominent role that technology plays in twenty‐first‐century societies, the intersections between spirituality and technology have been poorly analyzed. This article develops a cross‐reflection between these two key anthropological aspects, using a philosophical approach that structures the analysis along three classical categories: transcendence, immanence, and relationality. Drawing from ideas of philosophers, such as Heidegger and Merleau‐Ponty, the article sheds light on problematic aspects of technology that spirituality helps identify and for which it suggests solutions. Symmetrically, the analysis shows commonly inadvertent aspects of spirituality that technology brings to the fore. All in all, spirituality appears as an essential dimension to cultivate in technological societies, while technology might reveal spirituality as richer and deeper than has been apparent in traditional settings.

On how people deal with industrialized and non-industrialized food: A theoretical analysis.

“Canned, frozen, processed, ultra-processed, functional” etc. Two hundred years after the beginning of the food industry, industrialized food has evolved with many labels. Every person in the world eats and has different experiences with food that are connected to culture and social relationships which permeate our daily lives in many kinds of situations. Food evokes feelings, beliefs, desires, and moral values. For many people, food not only satisfies hunger and sustains life, but it also brings a delicious pleasure that is with their history, culture, and ancestry. Today's food industry pushes products through its marketing, which promotes a plethora of claims that have now trended proportionally with neophobic dimensions. In reality, the general public lacks objective knowledge about the complex science of modern food technology because of its low transparency, and this has resulted in the appearance of misleading ideas that can prejudice the correct analysis of food values. Given this, education about food is an urgent need. Notably, food scientists, technologists, and engineers must look at eaters through the prism of consumers who are human beings in all their rich social/anthropological diversity. The objective of this article is to explore the elemental anthropologic aspects of foods and how they can affect consumer's trust in the food industry's role.

Liturgika Josefa Smolíka: Kapitola z dějin české evangelické liturgiky

The Czech protestant practical theologian Josef Smolík (1922–2009) taught liturgics at the Comenius Theological Faculty in Prague for many decades and contributed significantly to the Agenda of the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren (1983, 1988). This article presents Smolík’s contribution to the development of protestant liturgy in the Czech Republic and also indicates in what areas contemporary liturgics has advanced. Smolík was initially strongly influenced by the theology of the Word, but at the same time absorbed the inspiration from the liturgical movement of the first half of the 20th century. After the Second Vatican Council, he further reconsidered some of his liturgical positions under the influence of the ecumenical movement. His work in the field of liturgics is still valued in academic circles at the Protestant Theological Faculty in Prague and in the church. However, it also has its sharp critics. His reform proposals have not been fully implemented in the worship of the church. From the point of view of contemporary liturgy, his theological reflection on worship, the relationship between Word and liturgical form, and the relationship between Word and sacraments should be appreciated. However, his attitude to the anthropological aspects of worship, from which he maintained a constant distance, should be critically evaluated.

Life Histories of Theban Tombs: Transdisciplinary Investigations of a Cluster of Rock-Cut Tombs at Sheikh ‘Abd al-Qurna Edited by Andrea Loprieno-Gnirs (AUC Press Archaeological Reports). Cairo: American University in Cairo Press 2021. Pp. 200. $79.95. ISBN 9781617979910 (paper).

<i>Life Histories of Theban Tombs: Transdisciplinary Investigations of a Cluster of Rock-Cut Tombs at Sheikh ‘Abd al-Qurna</i> Edited by Andrea Loprieno-Gnirs (AUC Press Archaeological Reports). Cairo: American University in Cairo Press 2021. Pp. 200. $79.95. ISBN 9781617979910 (paper).

Missionary. Existential. Spiritual. Perspectives for the work of the Church after the pandemic

This article explores opportunities for Church action after the pandemic, from three different perspectives: missionary, anthropological and spiritual. The missionary perspective; using an existential-analytical approach, should contribute to the Church becoming less focused on herself and more committed to in its mission for the good life. From an anthropological perspective, Church work is directed to the human being as the image of God and pleads for anthropological aspects to be taken into account in the shaping of Church practice. With the spiritual perspective, the plea is made for Church activity after the pandemic to open up spaces in which human beings, in the experience of their worthiness to love, understand and learn to love themselves without measure and without conditions.

To the question of formation of intercultural communicative competence in professional education

Formation of intercultural communicative competence in a future specialist is an urgent problem of modern professional education. Problems of training graduates of higher educational institutions who are able to solve communicative and professional tasks in an international context are considered in the article from the position of competence-based approach. It is shown that intercultural communicative competence has an integrative nature and it is a complex interdisciplinary problem. The structure and components of intercultural communicative competence, its cultural and anthropological aspect, which is no less important than the linguistic one, are analyzed. It is substantiated that competence-based approach sets the goal for teaching foreign languages to form a linguistic personality capable of going beyond their own culture, but saving own cultural identity. The European experience in the formation of competencies that an applicant for education must master in order to be able to communicate productively in a foreign language in a broad social and professional context is analyzed. It is concluded that in order to form intercultural communicative competence among students of non-linguistic specialties, it is necessary to improve methods of teaching foreign language, to acquaint students with history, modern reality, culture, way of life, and style of behavior of the country which language is being studied. It is also advisable to include elective disciplines in the curricula such as basics of theory of intercultural communication, theory of discourse, theory of argumentation, etc.

Implementation of Character Education Value in the Short Film "Adipati Blek"

Character education is one of the basic elements that can shape an individual's personality. Today, the value of character education is considered to be fading, especially for teenagers who have dropped out of school. This causes them to be entangled in social deviations such as joining the motorcycle gang community to the punk community. The short film Adipati Blek is one of the methods implemented by researchers in providing character education for out-of-school teenagers. This study uses a qualitative approach, with the method of cultural analysis in the aspect of cognitive anthropology. The data collection technique used is a documentation literature study. The results showed that, with the Adipati Blek film, it could implement the values of character education such as hard work, positive thinking, and motivation to have self-confidence. Films can be a creative medium for out-of-school teenagers to explore what potential they have, so that they can achieve success according to what they can.

Old Discipline, New Trajectories: Theories, Methods and Practices in Anthropology

Going under the title “Old Discipline, New Trajectories: Theories, Methods and Practices in Anthropology”, the conference seeks to provide a “home” for socio-cultural and linguistic anthropologists as well as archeologists and bio-evolutionary anthropologists who identify themselves and seek to connect with scientifically minded anthropologists. It does not neglect the humanistic aspect of anthropology and embraces it as part of the unity implicit in the study of human lifeways and the cultural stuff that gives meaning, direction and collective identities to us. The conference might be seen as an important foundational step to establishing closer collaboration and integration among different disciplinary and methodological strands within the discipline of anthropology. The conference will broadly focus on theory, methods and practices in anthropology and will address the following questions:&#x0D; - Can we still say that anthropology is the most scientific of humanities and most humanistic of social sciences?- What does a scientific approach to the study of culture imply theoretically and methodologically?- Should ethnography still hold a central place in anthropology?- How can the results of the study of human evolution, cultural evolution and language evolution contribute insights into the current human condition?- What are the consequences the current rapid technological change is having on culture?- What can anthropology contribute to the important questions of today’s world such as pandemics, growing economic inequality, fascism, second demographic transition, climate change, etc.?

The Value Paradigm of Philosophical Anthropology: Inclusion in a New Context

The article deals with some aspects of philosophical anthropology, which, as a doctrine, is built not only on axiological principles of identification but also is imbued with value construction. The problem of human nature, its existence in a spatial continuum determines the relevance of the study. The purpose of the work is to summarize the existing experience accumulated by prominent philosophers in the field of philosophical anthropology, to analyze the use of axiology as a theory of values, which is used in the philosophical doctrine of man. To arrange and systematize existing material in order to form a unified concept of philosophical anthropology, the comparative genetic method was used, and some general scientific methods were also used. And for the solution of precisely philosophical problems ‒ methods of dialectical, axiomatic, empirical knowledge, represented, in particular, by description. The author analyzes the features of the development of axiology, in particular aspects of its typological modeling. The result of the study led to the conclusion that the data in the field of philosophical anthropology, despite its considerable volume, is not systematized and not summarized in a common large-scale scientific structure, although it cannot be said that the knowledge of philosophical anthropology exists only as a prolegomena to the present one science. At the same time, in a rapidly changing reality, consideration of the problems of human existence is of particular importance.