Anthropogenic Load Research Articles

Перспективні напрямки розробки засобів, що здатні підвищувати адаптаційні можливості організму людини в умовах негативного впливу середовища життєдіяльності

Abstract. The ever-increasing anthropogenic chemical load throughout the world prompts the search for sources of biologically active substances (BAS) capable of increasing the adaptive capabilities of a person exposed to the harmful effects of the environment. Aim. Scientific substantiation of the optimal composition of recipes and features of the production technology of products with immunomodulating and adaptogenic effects (dietary supplements, detoxification products for external use, including cosmetic preventive products for hand skin disinfection), based on technologically processed vegetable waste used in the production of pharmaceutical products Proteflazidum®". Material and Methods. The chemical composition of the ethanol extract of the plant raw material "Proteflazidum®" and the waste of its production - meal was studied. The mass fraction of flavonoid compounds aglycones of tricin, apigenin, luteolin, amino acids, sugars, carboxylic acids, natural polymers (pectin substances, chlorophylls and hemicellulose), ethanol (%, vol) was determined. The methods of ultra-high-performance high-speed liquid chromatography with diode-matrix detection (UPLCPDA, Waters, USA) were used; method of ultra-high-performance mass spectrometric high-speed liquid chromatography with electron spray ionization (UPLC-MC/MC, Waters, USA). A study of the dietary supplements "Immunoflazid Light" (syrup) and "Immunoflazid Pro" (capsules), manufactured in accordance with TU U 10.8-25589583-001:2020, was conducted according to safety indicators: the content of heavy metals, pesticides and radionuclides for compliance with the requirements of GN 4.4.8.073 -2001 "Temporary hygienic standards for the content of chemical and biological contaminants in biologically active supplements", approved by the resolution of the chief state sanitary doctor of Ukraine dated 04.20.2001. No. 131 and GN 6.6.1.1-130-2006 "Permissible levels of the content of radionuclides 137Cs, 90Sr in food and drinking water", approved by the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine dated 05.03.2006 under No. 256. A spectrometer was used to determine the content of lead, cadmium, and mercury atomic emission "SHIMADSU ICPE - 9820"; for the determination of radionuclides, the spectrometer "SEG-001", "AKP-S" and the spectrometer "SEB-01-70" were used. Methods of measuring pesticides according to DSTU EN 12393-1:2003, DSTU EN 12393-2:2003, DSTU EN 12393-3:2003 and GOST 30349-96. Results. The waste of vegetable raw materials, which is formed as a result of the production of the "Proteflazidum®", is a valuable source of BAS, which allows you to consider them as raw materials for creating recipes of products with an adaptogenic effect - dietary supplements and raw materials for the production of products for external use, including cosmetic prophylactic and means for hand skin disinfection. According to safety indicators, the new products belong to low-hazard substances when applied to the skin (hazard class 4), do not show skin-irritating, skin-resorptive and sensitizing properties, alcohol-free products do not irritate the mucous membrane of the eyes. Conclusions. Proteflazidum® production waste is a valuable raw material for the creation of a wide range of products with an adaptogenic effect (dietary supplements, raw materials for the production of products for external use, including cosmetic prophylactics and products for hand skin disinfection). Key Words: Proteflazidum®, Herba Deschampsia Сaespitosa L., Herba Calamagrostis Epigeios L., bioflavonoids, pectin substances.

STUDYING THE FEATURES OF ACCUMULATION OF FLAVONOIDS IN WORMWOOD HERB OF BITTER SYNANTROPIC FLORA OF THE ROSTOV REGION

Anthropogenic impact on medicinal plants is an important factor that affects the synthesis of secondary metabolites. With an increase in anthropogen-ic load, additional synthesis of secondary metabolites increases, primarily flavonoids, which play an important and obvious role in protecting plants from stress. The aim of the study was to study the features of the accumulation of flavonoids in the herb wormwood synanthropic flora of the Rostov region. Material and methods. Samples of medicinal plant material of wormwood herb collected in Morozovsky district of Rostov region were studied. Wormwood herb was collected and dried during the beginning of flowering (end of June - beginning of July 2021). The content of the sum of flavonoids in terms of rutin in selected samples of wormwood herb was determined three times by the standard pharmacopoeial method on a spectrophotometer SF-2000. Results. The study of vegetable raw materials harvested in the roadside zone of a slow road (IV category) with slow traffic and a railway showed a di-rect dependence on a decrease in the content of flavonoids with an increase in the distance from highways. Conclusion. According to the studies, it can be concluded that moderate anthropogenic impact, which is characterized by the release of various eco-toxicants into the environment, can induce the biosynthesis of flavonol compounds. However, under conditions of complex toxic stress (near the cate-gory IA highway with high transport traffic), the plant antioxidant system may be inhibited, which is expressed by the suppression of the production of polyphenols.

Remote monitoring of factors determining the environmental safety of urban areas

On the example of the cities of Central Russia, a spatial assessment of the environmental safety factors of the urban environment based on the materials of remote sensing of the Earth was carried out. The data source was multichannel satellite images taken from the Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 satellites for the period from 2015 to 2022. To assess the dynamic characteristics over a twenty-year period, satellite images of the studied territories from the Landsat-7 satellite for the period from 1999 to 2001 were used. To assess the level of anthropogenic load exerted on the studied territories, 4 zones were identified – with a strong anthropogenic load; with an average anthropogenic load; natural framework; hydrological objects. The largest territory is occupied by areas with an average anthropogenic load, which includes low-rise buildings, agricultural landscapes. Most of this area falls on agricultural fields located near the city. The specific weight of the natural framework is from 8 to 12% of the study area, which is not sufficient to ensure environmental safety. The assessment of the dynamic characteristics of anthropogenic load in all the studied territories shows an increase in zones with a strong anthropogenic load due to the reduction of territories with an average anthropogenic load, which is explained by socioeconomic reasons for the development of these territories. As a positive aspect, it is necessary to highlight the increase in the natural framework zone on the territory of the Voronezh city district over a twenty-year period.

ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON THE STATE OF PHYTOCENOSES OF HOLOSIIV PARK NAMED AFTER MAKSYM RYLSKYI OF THE CITY OF KYIV

Anthropogenic load on natural phytocenoses is manifested by disturbance of plant cover, synanthropization of the floristic composition of groups, destruction of plant distribution areas, reduction of biodiversity, and changes in plant growth and development conditions. The degree of anthropogenic load on natural phytocenoses is a global problem that requires detailed study and monitoring studies, especially in the conditions of urban ecosystems. The natural conditions affecting the state of the phytocenoses of Holosiiv Park named after Maxim Rylskyi city of Kyiv according to physical and geographical, climatic, edaphic, and orographic features. The influence of anthropogenic activity in the experimental plots was determined and the level of anthropogenic pressure on the state of the phytocenoses of Holosiiv Park named after Maxim Rylskyi city of Kyiv was carried out by analyzing available sources of industrial production, transport, etc. It has been established that Holosiiv Park named after Maksym Rylskyi is subjected to constant anthropogenic load, in particular, intensive recreational use, atmospheric air pollution has been established, which leads to the impoverishment of biodiversity in certain areas of the park. The level of atmospheric air pollution in the territory adjacent to the experimental sites was assessed using computational and instrumental methods. It was established that the estimated CO level exceeds the standards by 8 times on Holosiivskyi Avenue and by more than 30 times at the intersection of Maksym Rylskyi Street and Holosiivskyi Avenue. The analysis of the state of the atmospheric air using instrumental research methods did not show an excess of the content of the main pollutants, however, according to the Air Quality Index, it is moderately polluted by the content of dust with a diameter of 2.5 microns. The study of the state of the phytocenoses of Holosiiv Park named after Maksym Rylsky of the city of Kyiv within the experimental plots was carried out by studying their floristic composition and evaluating the ecological groups of plants. Because it is the analysis of ecological groups of plants that makes it possible to assess the ecological conditions of plant groups, the place of growth, and phytocenotypes of plant species that are part of the phytocenosis, that is their role in the formation of the phytocenosis. The ecological assessment of the state of phytocenoses of Holosiiv Park named after Maksym Rylskyi of the city of Kyiv was carried out using the method of bioindication and lichen indication (lichen research). These methods make it possible to determine the level of anthropogenic load acting quickly and relatively easily on phytocenoses within the experimental plots. To determine the state of the trees in the experimental plots, the method of assessing the asymmetry of morphological structures was used (using the example of the hanging hornbeam Carpinus betulus L.). A comparison of the floristic composition and the state of the phytocenoses showed that plot No. 1 has a depressed state, plants do not grow evenly, and drying of trees was observed. Plot No. 2 has the best condition, the plants of the plot are characterized by the best indicators of growth and development, the largest number of species, and the frequency of occurrence of species. Site No. 3 did not record significant degradation of the phytocenosis, but there is a certain mosaic of the phytocenosis, which may be due to atmospheric air pollution and significant recreational pressure, in particular, trampling. Plot No. 2 and Plot No. 3 have the highest coefficient of species composition commonality. Common plant species in the respective areas are: Carpinus betulus L., Anemonoides ranunculoides L., Ficaria verna, Trifolium repens and Corydalis solida.

Гнездовые группировки орлов на ключевой орнитологической территории «Чинк Донызтау» в 2022 году

Гнездовые группировки орлов на ключевой орнитологической территории «Чинк Донызтау» в 2022 году

Медицина студенттері арасындағы дене салмағының жеткіліксіздігінің таралуы және емдеу ерекшеліктері

In Kazakhstan, the health of students is deteriorating every year. So, over the past 20 years, the proportion of healthy students has decreased by 2.5 times at the time of admission to the university and by 4 times at the final year. The increase in the anthropogenic load, the deterioration of the environmental situation have a great impact on the body and health of young people studying. The purpose: to study the prevalence of body mass deficiency among students of Astana Medical University and indicators related to gender. Methods. A survey of students to identify body weight deficiency was conducted at the Department of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition from September 2022 to February 2023. The anthropometric examination was carried out in accordance with standard methods of calculating the body mass index. The study involved 1201 students aged 18 to 25 years during one time period. Results. Weight deficiency was found in 140 (12%) students who participated in the study. Depending on gender characteristics, 48 students (38%) among men and 92 students (66%) among women were observed. Conclusion. Taking into account the attitude of students to their health, constant stress due to increased mental workload, attempts to combine work with study, lack of sleep, malnutrition, we believe that the recommendations we have developed allow teachers to monitor the dynamics of treatment of body weight deficiency.

Биология окуня бассейна верхнего течения реки Лены

Lena River is the largest watercourse in Eastern Siberia. The upper reaches of the river, 1600 km long, starts from the source to the mouth of the Vitim River. We collected data on perch biology in different seasons: in the Lena River in the section from the mouth of the Tutura River (right tributary 3,812 km from the mouth) to the mouth of the Ichora River (left tributary 2,973 km from the mouth) in different seasons from 2007 to 2022; in the Kuta 10-km section from 10 to 20 km from the river mouth in August 2011; Kirenga River from the mouth of the Marekta Brook (400 km from the mouth) to the mouth of the Garynya Brook (379 km) in April 2016, June 2013-2014, September 2014 and October 2015, at 217 km, the mouth of the Cherepanikha River (144 km) and Ichikta River (82 km), June 2022; the Piljuda (left tributary 3050 km from the mouth), April 2010, May 2017 and June 2019; Vitim River. In rhe Vitim river main channel (582 km from the river mouth) to a nameless creek (551 km from the river mouth), June, September 2010 and June, August 2012; in four lakes in Okunayka River – Kirenga River basin: Lake Blizhnee, July 2012; Lake Dal'nee, July-August 2012, July and September 2015; Lake Durgan, July and September 2012, August 2012, July, 2017 and September 2015; Lake Podkova, September 2015; Lake Golubtsovskoe (Vitim River along the right bank 5.5 km upstream Labazny Brook (561 km from the mouth)), June and September 2010, August 2012. The perch in the investigated sites is one of the most numerous in the composition of fish fauna, occupying from 8.29 % to 61.43 % in catches. In the sections of the Lena and Kirenga rivers where the least anthropogenic load is observed, in the Dalneye and Durgan lakes a complex age structure is characteristic, consisting of more than 10 age groups, with the predominance of fish of 4-5+ age in catches. The lowest age range is observed in the reservoirs where active fishing is observed; in the Kuta River and the Piljuda River the age range in catches is represented by 4 and 6 age groups, with predominance in catches of fish of 1+ age. The highest rates of linear weight growth among riverine populations are characteristic of fish from the main channel of the Lena River and the Kirenga River, slightly lower from the Vitim River. The lowest rates were recorded for perch from the Kuta and Peluda rivers. Among lacustrinal populations, the greatest growth is characteristic to perch from Dal’nee Lake and nearby Podkova Lake, the smallest being demonstrated by fish from the small floodplain lake Golubtsovskoye. Sex ratio of perch population in the main channel of Upper Lena is characterized by the change in the ratio of males and females with age from 1:0,69 in younger age groups to 1:1,9 in older age groups. In the Vitim River it is 1:1.55. In the Kirenga River it is 1:1.2 with an almost threefold superiority of females at age four. In the Dal’nee Lake, the proportion varies from 1:0.75 to 1:2.5 with age. In lakes Durgan, Blizhnee and Golubtsovskoe an essential prevalence of females over males in all age groups is observed; on the average it is 1:3.6, 1:1.4 and 1:1.7, respectively. Maturity in the Lena’s main channel occurs sporadically in males at the second year of life, in females one year later; in the Kirenga River at the age of three years; in the Vitim River, in males at the third year of life, in females at the fourth. Spawning takes place in the second half of May to early June. The absolute individual fecundity of perch from the Lena River averaged 27,200 eggs, 12,053 in the Peluda River, 32,400 in the Kirenga River, 30,780 eggs in Lake Dal’nee, 23,329 eggs in Lake Durgan, and 27,923 eggs in Lake Podkova. Perch is a predator by nature of feeding, the gudgeon and river minnow are the main food items in the Lena River, river minnow and Amur minnow in the Kirenga River, ruff, river minnow and young of their own species in the Vitim River, benthic organisms in the majority of lake reservoirs.

LIVER HISTOPATHOLOGY IN ROACH (RUTILUS RUTILUS) AND BLEAK (ALBURNUS ALBURNUS) FROM THE BOLSHOY CHEREMSHAN RIVER

The results of histopathological studies of the liver of two mass fi sh species of the Bolshoy Cheremshan River are presented: roach (Rutilus rutilus Linnaeus, 1758) and bleak (Alburnus alburnus Linnaeus, 1758). Using standard histological techniques, fi ve types of detected liver disorders and pathologies were studied. The excess of normal indicators of the occurrence of fi sh with detected liver histopathologies in populations exposed to the greatest adverse effects was recorded, which is one of the signs of their distress in the environmental conditions of some sections of the watercourse. The number of individuals with liver histopathologies at two research stations reached high values, and the occurrence of detected types of pathologies exceeded the value of their spontaneous formation (1%). The revealed pathologies had different degrees of severity for fi sh (2-5 points on a fi ve-point scale). On sections of the river with increased anthropogenic load, damage of an irreversible nature and life-threatening has been recorded. In areas of the river with increased anthropogenic load, damage of an irreversible nature and threatening the life of fi sh was recorded: dysplasia and lipoid degeneration of hepatocytes. Thus, the direct connection of the occurrence of the detected liver histopathologies with the level of anthropogenic load on the ecosystem of the studied reservoir has been confi rmed. The possibility of using histological parameters of fi sh to assess the infl uence of a complex of unfavorable environmental factors on individuals as an indicator of the ecological state of the reservoir is shown. The presented data are the fi rst data on the morphophysiological state of two fi sh species that form the basis of the ichthyofauna of the Bolshoy Cheremshan River.

Assessment of the risk to public health from anthropogenic load on the atmospheric air of Zaporizhzhia

Assessment of the risk to public health from anthropogenic load on the atmospheric air of Zaporizhzhia

Adaptive transformations of the organism of the Small Bat (Pipistrellus pygmaeus) under conditions of combined negative anthropogenic factors

Chiropteran mammals have unique body anatomy features that are adapta- tions for flight. However, the histophysiological, physiological, and biochemical parameters of bats have not been studied enough, including under the influence of anthropogenic fac- tors. The article presents the results of a morphological study of the internal organs and hematological and biochemical studies of the blood of bats (using the example of the small bat), living in the Bryansk region, under conditions of technogenic and anthropogenic load. During the work, somatometric measurements of the body and the measurement of the linear parameters of the internal organs were determined. Hematological and biochemical studies of the blood of the small bat were carried out on an automatic biochemical analyzer according to generally accepted methods. Morphological and anatomical adaptation of the small bat, which ensures compliance with the structure of the body and its mode of action, is manifested in the dynamics of somatometric indicators of the body, in the plasticity of macro- and micrometric indicators of the kidneys and liver. Physiological adaptation that maintains the functional state is manifested in quantitative and qualitative reactions from the cellular elements of the blood, demonstrating higher values. It has been established that the number of erythrocytes in the blood of male and female bats is directly dependent on sex, physiological state and age.

LONG-TERM TREND OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT IN 12 TROPICAL COASTAL WATERSHEDS IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL

Multiple environmental problems are caused by the accumulation of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in river water on its way to the ocean. The objective of this work was to determine the N and P loads in 12 hydrographic basins that flow into estuaries along the northeastern coast of Brazil using established methods. Additionally, natural and anthropogenic loads trends in the hydrographic basins of 12 tropical rivers in northeastern Brazil over 27 years (1990-2016) were evaluated. The results indicated an annual average increase of +1.1% in population density, while precipitation showed no significant trend. The anthropogenic loads were 21 and 112 times higher than natural inputs for N and P, respectively. Anthropogenic sources accounted for ~ 96% of all contributions. The positive trends of these loads (mainly wastewater) represented an annual average increase of 1.1% for N and 1.2% for P, for all river basins included in this study. These percentages represent average annual loads of 251 t N yr-1 and 54.8 t P yr-1. The time series of N and P in the study region showed trends that point to a constant increase, implying a greater contribution of these loads to the adjacent coastal region year after year.

A new algorithm for integral sedimentation zones identification on the example of the Ivankovo and Rybinsk reservoirs

The work is devoted to the new concept of integrated monitoring practical application and evaluation it’s results. The theoretical novelty of the concept consists in the joint analysis of diatom complexes from bottom sediments columns and modern phytoplankton complexes. The Ivankovo and Rybinsk reservoirs were chosen as the objects of research. This decision was made due to their advanced age, the power of accumulated deposits and the degree of study. The bottom sediment columns sampling points optimal locations in the Rybinsk and Ivankovo reservoirs was established as a result of the conducted research. During the creation of reservoirs, the lakes on their territory were flooded. The resulting morphometric bottom relief determined those relict lakes locations as zones of stable sedimentation. According to the comprehensive studies results, long-term negative processes caused by anthropogenic load have been confirmed in the investigated reservoirs.

ПРОГНОЗ ДИНАМИКИ ПЕРВИЧНОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ ОРГАНИЧЕСКОГО ВЕЩЕСТВА И ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ ПРИОРИТЕТНЫМИ ТОКСИКАНТАМИ АЗОВСКОГО МОРЯ НА КРАТКОСРОЧНУЮ ПЕРСПЕКТИВУ

Background. Modern climate changes and increasing anthropogenic water withdrawal in the Azov Sea river basins have led to a reduction in freshwater runoff and a record increase in the sea salinity. Relevance. Salinization of the Azov Sea leads to a transformation of the structure of biological communities and a decrease in primary productivity, which inevitably has a negative impact on fish productivity. Another important factor in the stock formation of aquatic biological resources is the quality of their habitat. Aim of this work is to make a short-term forecast of the hydrochemical foundation of biological productivity and toxicological status of the Azov Sea up to 2030. Methods. This study was based on the long-term data on the level of primary production, hydrochemical regime and accumulation of priority toxicants in the Azov Sea ecosystem. Results. In the present period, adaptation of the Azov Sea ecosystem to increasing water salinity is manifested in a decrease in the level of primary production. In recent years, during the summer season, an unfavorable physiological state of phytoplankton has been observed due to the high content of pheophytin in the cells. In the Azov Sea, from 1986 (the peak of industrial development and anthropogenic load) up to the present, in the water, bottom sediments and muscles of commercial fish species, has been observed a decrease in the average annual concentration of the majority of monitored toxicants. Conclusions. Under the most likely forecasted scenario for the river flow and water salinity (14.5–16.5 ‰), a further decrease in the level of primary production is expected. It is possible that the ecosystem will adapt to the increase in water salinity; phytoplankton will be characterized by a more favorable physiological state in the summer. No deficiency of biogenic elements is predicted. If the existing anthropogenic load remains unchanged (the most likely scenario), the level of sea pollution by anthropogenic toxicants is predicted to be low, and in certain areas—Taganrog Bay, the waters of the Yeysk and Temryuk Sea Ports—it is expected to be moderate. The quality and safety of aquatic biological resources as a food product will meet regulatory requirements.

Установление уровня деградации воды участков водных объектов, используемых для отведения дренажно-сбросных вод с орошаемых земель

Purpose: to determine the level of water degradation in the areas of water bodies used to divert drainage and waste water from irrigated lands of the Central irrigated district of Rostov region. Materials and methods. The object of study was the drainage and waste water inlets – sections of the Sal, the Salt, the Podpol’naya, the Western Manych rivers and the Beshenny yerik. The assessment of water quality in the background section line of the water body and in the section of drainage water inlet from irrigated lands was conducted according to the specific combinatorial water pollution index (SCWPI) and the complex indicator of anthropogenic load. Results. According to the SCWPI, water in the Salt river and the Besheny yerik is assessed as polluted, 3rd class, category “a”, in the background section line of the Sal river – as the 3rd class, category “b”, very polluted, in the outlet section line of drainage and waste water – as the 4th class, category “a”, dirty. The intraseasonal dynamics of the anthropogenic load index for the studied watercourses showed that in the Salt, the Podpol’naya, the Western Manych rivers throughout the entire irrigation period, the self-cleaning ability of water bodies is higher than the rate of degradation processes. The depletion processes prevail over the recovery process in the Sal river and the Besheny yerik in the study area. Conclusions. It has been determined that the complex indicator of anthropogenic load exceeds the conditionally normative indicator in the estimated section of the Sal river by more than 3 times, this indicates the damage to the aquatic environment from the drainage and waste water discharge. The rest of the studied river ecosystems are in their natural state, do not experience or experience weakly anthropogenic impact from water pollution. In certain periods of the irrigation season, the river ecosystem of the Besheny yerik experiences a short-term moderate anthropogenic load.

Preservation of soil resources which were destroyed as a result of military operations by means of land management

It is proved that soil protection has become a national environmental problem, so the contradictions between socio-economic needs of people and environmental safety requirements must be overcome. The existence of standards for the qualitative state of soils and their maximum permissible pollution in the legislative field indicates that they reflect only the chemical nature of anthropogenic loads, but there are no standards at all for such types of loads as physical, mechanical, reclamation and man-made, which is of particular importance in the context of military operations in Ukraine. It is substantiated that when assessing the level of damaged land and soil as a result of hostilities and determining the degree of suitability for their further use, it is necessary to take into account: the level of damage to the land plot as a percentage of its area; the degree of suitability; characteristics of contaminated land; proposals for further use of the land plot and measures to reduce the level of pollutants entering the soil. It is also proposed to implement measures to protect land and soil by means of land management through the development of appropriate land management documentation. Given the anthropogenic load on soils due to the impact of hostilities, the need to develop a working land management project for the reclamation of disturbed lands as a result of hostilities and a working land management project for the conservation of degraded, unproductive and technogenically polluted lands has been proved, which requires amendments to the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of February 2, 2022, No. 86 "On Approval of the Rules for Developing Working Land Management Projects".

Пространственное распределение экологических параметров человеческого капитала

The article examines the environmental parameters of human capital development by means of spatial statistical analysis. A number of indicators chosen by the authors reflect “resource availability” and “anthropogenic load” and is included in the set of parameters for the development of human capital. The UN member states world map was taken as the coordinate system for the analysis. In this system, the basic law of geography on the “neighborhood factor” was tested. At the same time, the “neighborhood factor” was tested in two kinds of spaces: physical (geometric neighborhood matrix) and geopolitical (geopolitical neighborhood matrix) ones. Both matrices were developed by the Center for Spatial Analysis of International Relations of the Institute for International Studies team, MGIMO University. The authors used multivariate analysis (in this paper, the analysis of the geographic average and multidimensional scaling) to test the hypothesis that in the modern world, physical space and, accordingly, physical neighborhood are not as important as geopolitical space based on ideological neighborhood. However, the study showed that despite the fact that the role of physical space is weakening, it still prevails over geopolitical, at least in such highly geographically determined indicators as the environmental components of human capital.

BIOTESTING OF THE ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON AREAS OF THE R. ROS AND R. PROTOKA ON THE VIABILITY OF CARP FISH EGGS AND LARVAE

BIOTESTING OF THE ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON AREAS OF THE R. ROS AND R. PROTOKA ON THE VIABILITY OF CARP FISH EGGS AND LARVAE

ЭНТРОПИЙНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ДИНАМИЧЕСКОГО ХАОСА ГЕОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

Dynamic chaos systems are commonly described by the nonlinear cyclic Verhulst relation. In this study, its use was extended to track the degradation of ecological systems at different stages of their development. A new concept was introduced: the geochemical entropy of abiotic ecological systems, which varies in the interval [0, 4] and determines the level of their stability in the interval [0, 1]. The model was verified by assessing soil pollution in Lipetsk (Russia). Despite the high level of soil pollution in certain areas of the city, the overall ecological situation turned out to be “normal” with a high level of stability (0.98). Forecasts were made of how the ecological situation in Lipetsk might develop with a change in the anthropogenic load. If it remains unchanged, the sustainability of the ecological system will be virtually the same. With heavier soil pollution, the stability may be lost at different rates, depending on the entropy of the system. The proposed model is helpful for assessing the current geo-ecological state of large territories with high anthropogenic load and pollution levels varying considerably between different areas of these territories, as well as for predicting the level of living comfort in urban agglomerations and managing ecological systems.

Features of the elemental composition of the hair of children living in areas with different anthropogenic load

Features of the elemental composition of the hair of children living in areas with different anthropogenic load

Analysis of change in toluene concentration during periods with different industrial load

A study of the peculiarities of the change in the concentration of toluene in the atmospheric air of the city, where the sources of the substance are both vehicles and an industrial enterprise for the production of synthetic rubber, has been carried out. The paper analyzes the behavior of methylbenzene in different periods: with small and large volumes of industrial emissions. The sources of the substance intake are described. A diagram of the change in the emission volumes of the toluene source enterprise has been built. The periods, characterized by different industrial load on the hygienic state of the air in the city, have been determined. Statistical characteristics of data arrays of methylbenzene concentration for the periods of 2010–2012 and 2015–2017 were calculated. Wind directions are obtained showing the priority influence of the pollution source. The nature of the influence of meteorological parameters on the toluene content in the air of the residential part of the city was revealed at various volumes of the petrochemical enterprise’s emission. The study revealed a change in the influence of temperature and wind speed on the toluene content in the atmospheric air of the city under various anthropogenic load.