Anthranilic Diamide Insecticide Research Articles

COMPARISON OF APPLICATION METHODS FOR TOBACCO BUDWORM CONTROL, 2010

Anthranilic diamide insecticides, two of which have recently been registered for use in tobacco, may be more persistent in plant tissue and move within leaf tissue to a great extent than other registered chemistries. These characteristics may allow anthranilic diamaide insecticides to be applied using different methods than standard materials used against TBW. Standard insecticide application methods for TBW control recommend a volume of 30 gpa water applied with 60 psi pressure using solid or hollow cone nozzles. Using one of the registered anthranilic diamaide insecticides registered in tobacco (Belt, Bayer CropScience) applied at a rate of 3.0 fl oz/acre, we compared 4 application volumes (5, 10, 20, and 50 gpa water) applied at 2 pressures (30 and 60 psi) to determine if applications at lower volumes and pressures were as effective as those at higher volumes with greater pressure. Greenhouse grown tobacco plants were transplanted on 4 May. Plants were treated with 0.8 fl oz/1000 plants Admire Pro 5 d prior to transplant to control early season tobacco flea beetle (Epitrix hirtipennis) and green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) populations. Four row plots, 50 ft in length, were established immediately after transplant. Plots were 0.018 acres each. Each treatment was replicated 4 times, and plots were arranged in an RCBD, blocked by replicate. Six wk after transplant, 10 plants each in rows 2 and 3 of each plot were infested with laboratory reared 2 instar TBW larvae, purchased as eggs from Chesapeake PERL (Savage, MD). Treatments were applied the d after larval infestation. Larval survival and leaf area consumed were rated 3, 7, and 14 d after foliar treatments were applied. Treatments were applied using a single nozzle boom fitted with a TG3 solid cone tip and powered by a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer. Data were analyzed via Proc Mixed (SAS v. 9.1.3; Cary, NC) with replicate as a random variable. Each date was analyzed separately, not as a repeated measure.

ANTHRANILIC DIAMIDE WORM CONTROL IN ROMAINE LETTUCE, 2010

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of new anthranilic diamide insecticides for worm pest control on romaine lettuce under desert growing conditions. Romaine lettuce (SUNBELT, MI) was direct seeded on 3 Sep 2010 at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center, El Centro, CA into double row beds on 40 inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were four beds wide by 50 ft long and bordered by one untreated bed. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. Formulations and rates for each compound are provided in the tables. Foliar sprays were applied on 21 Oct with a tractor mounted spray boom covering all four beds with three TJ-6

Selectivity of chlorantraniliprole to parasitoid wasps

Chlorantraniliprole is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide registered for use in vegetables, fruits, grains and turf against a variety of insect pests. The objective of this article is to summarize results of acute toxicity testing of chlorantraniliprole on seven species of parasitic wasps with wide geographic distribution and relevance to different crops and integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. Tier-1, worst-case laboratory studies evaluated wasp survival and reproduction following different exposure concentrations and scenarios to chlorantraniliprole (i.e. fresh-dried spray deposits on glass plates, direct contact, ingestion, egg card, dipped leaf residue bioassays, sprayed mummies). No statistically significant effects on adult survival, percentage parasitism or emergence were observed following exposures to chlorantraniliprole compared with controls. Chlorantraniliprole was harmless to the parasitoid wasp species tested according to IOBC classification criteria (<30% effects) and may be a useful tool in IPM programmes.

Acute toxicity of chlorantraniliprole to non-target crayfish (Procambarus clarkii ) associated with rice-crayfish cropping systems

Chlorantraniliprole, a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide, was recently introduced into the United States where rice-crayfish crop rotations are practiced to control rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel) infestations. Chlorantraniliprole has high margins of mammalian safety and excellent insecticidal efficacy, but its toxicity to non-target crayfish is uncertain. In this study, the acute toxicity of chlorantraniliprole to the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii Girard was determined using aquatic and feeding assays. The aquatic 96 h median lethal toxicity (LC(50)) data indicate that technical-grade chlorantraniliprole is highly toxic (US EPA category) to crayfish with an LC(50) of 951 microg L(-1) (95% CL = 741-1118 microg L(-1)). A no observed effect concentration (NOEC) of 480 microg L(-1) was recorded. Neither the 36 day chronic feeding study, where crayfish fed on chlorantraniliprole-treated rice seed in aquaria, nor the 144 h acute feeding test, where crayfish fed on rice seeds treated with chlorantraniliprole, produced mortality or abnormal behavior. Chlorantraniliprole is three orders of magnitude less acutely toxic to P. clarkii than lambda-cyhalothrin and etofenprox, two pyrethroid insecticides also used in rice, and is less likely to cause acute crayfish toxicity in rice pond ecosystems. Based on acute toxicity data, the use of chlorantraniliprole should be more compatible with rice-crayfish crop rotations than pyrethroids.

Control of Helicoverpa zea in Tomatoes with Chlorantraniliprole Applied Through Drip Chemigation

Chlorantraniliprole (=Rynaxypyr) is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide that is of interest to vegetable growers because of its low mammalian toxicity and systemic properties. Field trials were conducted between 2006 and 2008 in North Carolina and Virginia to test the efficacy of chlorantraniliprole as a drip chemigation treatment on tomatoes. Drip chemigation of chlorantraniliprole at various rates and intervals significantly reduced the percentage of tomatoes damaged by tomato fruitworm (Helicoverpa zea) comparable to that typically achieved from multiple foliar applications of insecticides. The best control was achieved with two applications of chlorantraniliprole at 0.074 kg ai/ha, or a single application at 0.099 kg ai/ha. Residual ingestion bioassays showed that chlorantraniliprole was effectively taken up by the roots and was active in leaves up to 66 days after treatment (DAT), active in blossoms up to 22 DAT, but was not active in fruit. Drip chemigation of chlorantraniliprole may offer several advantages over foliar applications, including ease of application, reduced pesticide input into the environment, reduced worker exposure to pesticides, and reduced risk to beneficial arthropods. Accepted for publication 14 January 2010. Published 7 April 2010.

Feeding cessation effects of chlorantraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, in comparison with several insecticides in distinct chemical classes and mode‐of‐action groups

Chlorantraniliprole is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide, efficacious for control of lepidopteran insect pests, as well as some species in the orders Coleoptera, Diptera and Hemiptera. In this study, the speed of action of chlorantraniliprole was compared with that of seven commercial insecticides by means of ingestion bioassays against larvae of Plutella xylostella L., Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Based on feeding cessation and reduction in feeding damage, chlorantraniliprole is among the fastest-acting insecticides available for control of lepidopteran pests, comparable in speed of action with methomyl, lambda-cyhalothrin and esfenvalerate, and faster than emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, methoxyfenozide and metaflumizone. The speed of action of chlorantraniliprole against target pest species, based on time for feeding cessation and reduction in feeding damage, is significantly greater than that of most recently developed insecticides and comparable only with the speed of action of the fast-acting carbamates and pyrethroids. In addition, chlorantraniliprole has a favorable toxicological and ecotoxicological profile. It belongs to a new chemical class with a novel mode of action and is effective against insect populations that have developed resistance to other insecticide groups, thus representing an attractive new tool for integrated pest management programs.

Synthesis of insecticidal fluorinated anthranilic diamides

A series of highly active fluorinated anthranilic diamide insecticides have been prepared and their biological activity assessed on two aphid species in the search for systemically active compounds that control Hemiptera. In addition, we have demonstrated a new synthesis of N-aryl 3-fluoropyrazoles.

Disruption of mating in codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by chlorantranilipole, an anthranilic diamide insecticide

The influence of the anthranilic diamide insecticide chlorantranilipole (DPX-E2Y45; Rynaxypyr against the adult stage of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., was examined. Insecticide residues in plastic cups sprayed with 56 mg AI L(-1) (equivalent to the recommended field rate) had a minimal effect on adult survival or fecundity, but significantly fewer female moths were mated in treated than in untreated cups. Similar results were found in field studies with adults placed in screened cages on treated apple foliage for up to 3 weeks. Mating was disrupted when either sex was topically dosed with technical material (0.01-0.1 microg). Males were more sensitive to the disruptive effects of chlorantranilipole than females. A 2 h exposure significantly reduced male activity (walking and wing fanning), but not female calling. A 25 h exposure significantly reduced the activity of both sexes. The proportion of males landing near a sex pheromone source in a flight tunnel was significantly reduced following exposures of 2-4 h and completely eliminated following a 17 h exposure. Male moths partially recovered from either topical or residual exposure to chlorantranilipole, but the extent of their recovery was dose and time dependent. Male response to sex pheromone recovered within 2 h following a 4 h exposure, but following a 17 h exposure only a partial recovery occurred after 48 h. Mating by moth pairs exposed to chlorantranilipole residues for 24 h did not significantly increase during recovery periods of 24-96 h, except in cups treated with 10% of the standard concentration. The proportion of field-collected female codling moths caught in pear ester-baited traps that were mated was significantly lower in apple orchards treated season-long with chlorantranilipole compared with females caught in either untreated orchards or those treated with sex pheromones to cause mating disruption.