Anteroposterior Relationship Research Articles

Anteroposterior relationship of the maxillary central incisors to the forehead in adult Chinese females

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the anteroposterior (AP) relationship of the maxillary central incisors to the forehead in adult Chinese females. Material and Methods: The study sample consisted of 100 lateral smiling photographic images of adult Chinese females who were seeking orthodontic treatment (mean age = 24.0 + 6.5 years old). The study sample was compared to a control sample consisting of 100 images of adult Chinese females with harmonious facial profiles downloaded from the internet. The images were resized and rotated to the upright head position in an image editing software. Reference lines were constructed to evaluate forehead inclinations and AP positions of the maxillary central incisors. Results: In the control sample, 80% of the maxillary central incisors were positioned between the facial axis point of the forehead (FFA) and the glabella. About 13% were positioned posterior to the FFA point and 7% anterior to the glabella. In the study sample, 31% of the maxillary central incisors were positioned between the FFA point and glabella, 52% posterior to the FFA point, and 18% anterior to the glabella. There was a strong correlation between the position of the maxillary central incisors and forehead inclination in the control sample (r2 = 0.827). The difference in AP maxillary central incisor position relative to the forehead between the two groups was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.000). Conclusion: The forehead may be an important landmark when evaluating the AP position of maxillary incisors in adult Chinese female patients.

Evaluation of maxillary sinus dimensions and volume using cone beam computed tomography in patients with unilaterally displaced palatal and buccal maxillary canines

ObjectivesTo evaluate and compare the maxillary sinus (MS) dimensions and volume in unilaterally displaced palatal and buccal maxillary canines.MethodsCBCT images for 133 patients were included in the study. Maxillary canines were unilaterally displaced palatally in 83 patients (PDCs) and buccally in 50 patients(BDCs). The following variables were measured: canine position in relation to MS walls, MS pneumatization and MS dimensions and volume.ResultsMS was extended to the incisor region in 10% and 13% and to the canine region in 48% and 23% in BDCs and PDCs subjects, respectively. In BDC subjects, maxillary canine crown tip was more laterally (24.23 mm compared to 22.93 mm (p < 0.05)) and closer vertically (5.82 mm compared to 9.58 mm (p < 0.001)) to the MS, maxillary canine root tip was closer to the MS anterior (0 mm compared to 1.64 mm (p < 0.05)) and lateral (19.70 mm compared to 22.02 mm (p < 0.001)) walls and the MS volume (11.57mm3 compared to 9.09 mm3 (p < 0.001)) was increased in the displaced side compared to the non-displaced side. In PDC subjects, a significant difference between the displaced and non-displaced sides was detected in the vertical (3.28 mm compared to 5.89 mm (p < 0.001)) and lateral (21.63 mm compared to 24.25 mm (p < 0.001)) position of maxillary canine to the MS wall, the anterior (− 0.84 mm compared to 1.13 mm (p < 0.05)) and lateral (20.48 mm compared to 22.44 mm (p < 0.001)) position of canine root tip to the MS and the MS volume (7.71mm3 compared to 9.14mm3 (p < 0.001)). PDC sides differed from BDC sides in the lateral and vertical position of canine crown tip to MS and in MS volume. PDC showed negative association with MS volume and anteroposterior skeletal relationship and a positive association with MS height.ConclusionsPDCs subjects have a reduced MS volume and BDCs subjects have an increased MS volume. PDCs are associated with reduced MS volume, increased MS height and Class III skeletal relationship.

Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of sphenoid sinus in different sagittal skeletal pattern.

The purpose of this study is to explore sphenoid sinus variations in individuals with various sagittal skeletal anomalies using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). We retrospectively analyzed sphenoid sinus pneumatization on CBCT images of 126 patients aged 18-86 years. The anteroposterior skeletal relationships of the maxilla and mandible were classified as skeletal class I, II or III using the A point-nasion-B point (ANB) angle measured in the sagittal plane. The extensions of the sphenoid sinus were evaluated on three planes including axial, sagittal and coronal sections. The study population consisted of 84 females (66.7%) and 42 males (33.3%), including 52 (41.3%) class I, 38 (30.1%) class II, and 36 (28.6%) class III cases. The conchal type of sphenoid sinus was not encountered. Presellar sinuses were detected in only 3 (5.8%) class I cases. Incomplete sinuses were detected in 16 (30.8%) class I, 7 (18.4%) class II, and 15 (41.7%) class III cases. Complete sinuses were detected in 33 (63.4%) class I, 31 (81.6%) class II, and 21 (58.3%) class III cases. Lateral extensions were found in 103 (40.9%) of the 252 sinus walls: 33 (31.7%) in class I, 45 (59.2%) in class II, and 25 (34.7%) in class III sinuses. Regional sphenoid sinus anatomy can be carefully examined via CBCT. The sphenoid sinus pneumatization did not differ significantly in patients exhibiting different types of sagittal skeletal closure, with the exception of the lesser wing type.

Impact of Dental Aesthetic Index characteristics on the severity levels of malocclusion in a non-White population

This study evaluated the impact of the esthetic and occlusal characteristics of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) on the need for orthodontic treatment in a non-White population. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1296 non-White adolescents aged 12 years. DAI was the outcome variable (DAI 1 and 2 and DAI 3 and 4). The independent variables were categorized on the basis of the occlusal esthetic characteristics evaluated by DAI (tooth absence, crowding, spacing, midline diastema, maxillary misalignment, mandibular misalignment, maxillary anterior overjet, mandibular overjet, anterior open bite, and anteroposterior molar relationship). Simple logistic regression models were adjusted for the outcome, and the raw odds ratios were estimated. Variables with a P value of<0.20 for individual analyses were tested in a multiple logistic regression model, with P≤0.05 remaining. A total of 1296 adolescents (764 girls and 532 boys) were evaluated; 1067 (82.3%) had DAI 1 or 2 (minor to a moderate need for orthodontic treatment), and 229 (17.7%) had DAI 3 or 4 (defined need for orthodontic treatment). The results showed that adolescents with diastema, maxillary irregularity, mandibular irregularity, mandibular overjet, anterior open bite, and the altered molar relationship had 5.34, 2.36, 2.63, 3.56, 8.73, and 5.16 times more likelihood to have DAI 3 or 4 (P≤0.05), respectively. Diastema, maxillary and mandibular misalignment, mandibular overjet, anterior open bite, and anteroposterior molar relationship were the characteristics that influenced the determination of the need for orthodontic treatment in a non-White population using the DAI index.

Tissue Expander Followed by Autogenous Bone Graft Versus Autogenous Bone Graft Alone for Mandibular Reconstruction: Quantitative Assessment.

The use of a tissue expander in maxillofacial intraoral tissue reconstruction is a developing approach, which provide adequate tissue coverage and aesthetics. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare the use of a soft tissue expander in conjunction with autogenous bone graft with bone graft alone for the repair of the mandible's anterior region. The study comprised 24 patients with bone defects in the anterior mandibular region. Patients were divided into 2 groups at random. In group I, expander with bone graft was used, whereas in group II, bone graft was used alone. Volumetric measures of the grafted area was performed using CBCT, and cephalometric evaluations of the anteroposterior and vertical skeletal relationship, as well as the soft tissue profile were recoded. A comparison was made between the 2 groups 6 and 24 months after surgery with P ≤ 0.05 considered significant. The mean difference in grafted bone volume between the 2 groups was 1.95cm 3 , indicating a significant difference between the 2 groups ( P = 0.05) with superior group I results. The soft tissue profile of group I demonstrated a considerable improvement and stability of the lower lip, the labiomental sulcus, and the thickness of the soft tissue Pogonion compared with group II. The use of a tissue expander in conjunction with a bone graft resulted in a better soft tissue profile, making it a favored approach in maxillofacial reconstruction.

A new instrument to clinically evaluate the anteroposterior relationship of the maxillary central incisors to the forehead

To evaluate the reliability of a new instrument to clinically measure the anteroposterior relationship of the maxillary central incisors to the forehead. An analytical cross-sectional study using a sample of 84 (67% female and 33% male) young adult participants was conducted. Measurements were performed according to Element II of the Andrews' Six Elements of Orofacial Harmony by assessing the horizontal distance between the facial axis point of the maxillary central incisor and the forehead's anterior limit line. The instrument tested was a transparent plastic template having a leveling meter, reference lines, and an embedded millimeter ruler. Two orthodontists evaluated the sample twice with a minimum of a two-week interval between evaluations. The reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Repeated-measures ANOVA was also performed. Good to excellent intra- and interexaminer agreement, with intraclass correlation coefficient values of 0.874 (95% confidence interval 0.800-0.921; P < 0.001) and 0.876 (95% confidence interval 0.739-0.948; P < 0.001), respectively, were calculated. There were no statistically significant differences between all the repeated measurements assessed (P=0.820). The instrument showed good to excellent reliability for determining the anteroposterior relationship of the maxillary central incisors to the forehead and could be used to help orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons indirectly evaluate the anteroposterior position of the maxilla.

Predicting the sagittal skeletal pattern using dental cast and facial profile photographs in children aged 9 to 14 years.

To quantify prediction of sagittal skeletal pattern using anteroposterior dental relationships on dental casts and facial profile photograph. The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from December 2016 to July 2017, and comprised orthodontic patients of either gender aged 9-14 years who attended the outpatient dental clinic. The sagittal skeletal relationship assessed on cephalometric radiographs was compared with anteroposterior dental and facial measurements on their dental cast and facial profile photographs. A prediction model was developed using multiple linear regression. The applicability of the prediction model was checked on an independent sample. Data was analysed using STATA 12. Of the 76 patients, about two-third (n=47) were females. The overall median age was 12.3 years (inter-quartile range: 1.8), with majority (60.5%) aged 12-14 years. The proportion of Class I, II and III malocclusion was 25 (32.9%), 50 (65.8%) and 1 (1.3%) respectively. Highest percentage of variability 47.4% in ANB angle was determined by the soft tissue ANB angle. 54.9% of the variability in the ANB angle could be explained by overjet, soft tissue ANB' angle, lower lip to E-line distance, Class II incisor relationship, history of malocclusion and thumb sucking, interaction terms between Class II incisor relationship and history of malocclusion, and history of thumb sucking and soft tissue ANB' angle. Sagittal skeletal relationship in an individual can be predicted with moderate accuracy using the prediction equation incorporating dental and facial variables along with history of malocclusion and thumb-sucking without potentially harmful exposure to cephalometric radiographs.

Cranial base measurements in different anteroposterior skeletal relationships using Bjork-Jarabak analysis.

To assess the linear and angular cranial base measurements (Bjork polygon) in different anteroposterior (AP) skeletal relationships using Bjork-Jarabak analysis. Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 288 (146 women, 142 men, mean ages 21.24 ± 2.72 years and 22.94 ± 3.28 years, respectively) adult patients were divided into Class I, II, and III skeletal relationships according to their ANB angle. Linear and angular measurements of Bjork polygon were measured and compared among different skeletal relationships. Analysis of variance was performed to detect the differences among groups. Independent-sample t-test was used to detect differences between men and women. The Class II skeletal relationship has a significantly larger saddle angle than Class III does (P < .05), whereas Class III has a significantly larger gonial angle than Class II does (P < .05). The articular angle and sum of Bjork polygon angles were not significantly different among groups (P > .05). Anterior (N-S) and posterior (S-Ar) cranial base lengths were similar in the different AP skeletal relationships (P > .05). The ramal height and body of the mandible length were significantly larger in Class III compared with Class I and II (P < .05). Women had a significantly larger articular angle than men did (P < .05), although men had significantly larger linear measurements of Bjork polygon than women did (P < .05). The Class III skeletal relationship has a smaller saddle angle and larger mandibular length and gonial angle. Men have a larger cranial base and mandibular linear measurements and a smaller articular angle compared with women.

Comparison of superior airway dimensions and cephalometric anatomic landmarks between 8-12-year-old children with obstructive sleep apnea and healthy children using CBCT images.

Background. The etiology of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome in children significantly differs from adults. In previous studies, only some of the indices have been investigated using CBCT. This study compares all the measurable indices of airway dimensions and anatomical cephalometric landmarks between children with OSA and healthy ones using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods. Dimensions of the airway and cephalometric values were measured on CBCT scans of 50 children aged 8–12 (25 patients with OSA and 25 healthy subjects) and then compared between the two groups. The results of this study were analyzed with independent t test using SPSS 17 at a significance level of P<0.05.Results. Area, length, volume, anteroposterior length, and size of the upper airway in subjects with OSA were lower than those in healthy children, while the average values of SNA, SNB, and ANB in the OSA group were higher than those in the healthy group (P=0.366, P=0.012, and P=0.114, respectively). Also, BaSN, PNS/AD1, and PNS/AD2 measurements in subjects with OSA were lower than healthy subjects (P=0.041, P=0.913, and P=0.015, respectively). In addition, the width and anteroposterior length of the upper airway, SNB, BaSN, PNS/AD1, and PNS/AD2 indices were significantly different between the healthy group and those with OSA (P<0.05).Conclusion. Reduced upper airway dimensions, adenoid tissue enlargement, and cranial base flexion might play an important role in OSA development in children. However, most skeletal variables, such as the anteroposterior relationship of jaws and jaw rotation, were not significantly different between the two groups.

Three-dimensional craniofacial changes with maxillary expansion in young adult patients with different craniofacial morphology

Objectives: Skeletally mature patients with transverse deficiency are best treated with surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (RPE) procedure. Recent studies have shown that microimplant-assisted RPE (MARPE) appliances can be effective in achieving skeletal expansion in young adults. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the skeletal and dental alveolar changes in response to treatment with MARPE appliances in three types of anteroposterior skeletal malocclusions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Material and Methods: Seventy-eight subjects diagnosed with maxillary transverse deficiency and treated with the MARPE appliance (mean age of 22.9 ± 4.2 years) were divided into skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions with 26 subjects in each group. Pre- and post-treatment CBCT scans were used for superimposition to examine the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes following maxillary expansion treatment. Results: Significant lateral separation of the maxilla was found at the levels of the nasal floor, interzygomatic bones, and the inferior palatine margin of the alveolar process (P &lt; 0.05) in the whole sample. Most of the sagittal and vertical variables change significantly in the whole sample and each studied group separately. Intergroup comparisons revealed no significant differences among the three skeletal classes except for the left frontozygomatic angle, left maxillary inclination angle, and torque in the first and second premolars. In Class III patients, the maxilla moved forward significantly in most of the cases (eight of 26 cases) (0.88°, P &lt; 0.05) and the mandible moved downward and backward improving the anteroposterior skeletal relationship. Significant differences were also found in the vertical measurements (N-Me, MMP, and MP/SN, P &lt; 0.05) in all three types of anteroposterior malocclusions. Conclusion: Maxillary expansion with the MARPE appliance in young adult patients induced different skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in the anteroposterior and vertical dimensions in each skeletal malocclusion with no significant difference among the three skeletal classes.

Treating Gnathic form of Mesial Occlusion in Early Adolescence Patients: A Clinical Trial

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the early and late results of the non-surgical orthopedic treatment efficiency in 12–14 years old children with the gnathic forms of mesial occlusion by the dentoalveolar compensation utilizing a permanent device with a palatal expanding screw. METHODS: The study enrolled 26 patients aged 12–14 years who underwent orthopedic treatment by the dentoalveolar compensation using a permanent device with a palatal expanding screw. Late treatment results aged 4–6 years were analyzed for 21 patients by cephalometric indices, five patients were excluded from the study due to change of residence. The comparison group included 20 patients of the same age and diagnosis who received orthopedic treatment with a face mask. RESULTS: The method of treatment utilizing a permanent apparatus with a palatal expanding screw showed better results than the facemask therapy. More pronounced changes of the general growth vector of the facial skeleton toward the maxilla normalization were noted. The anteroposterior relations between the jaw bases were normalized, the normal position of the upper and lower incisors was achieved, a stable interincisal angle was formed, and the aesthetics of the facial profile significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS: Using a fixed apparatus with a palatal expanding screw has significantly improved patients’ morphological, physiological, and esthetic performance. The evaluation of late results (from 4 to 6 years) showed normal development of the dentistry system in 90.5% of cases that allowed avoiding surgical intervention in these patients after the end of skeletal growth.

A Population-based survey on inter-arch malocclusion and background determinants

Genetics, environment, and ethnic factors are major contributors to the prevalence and variations of malocclusion.The aim of study was to determine the prevalence of interarch problems in school-aged children, 9 - 11 years, living in Tehran; and to describe the role of ethnicity, education, and economic status on them.The present data were part of the Comprehensive Evaluation of Skeleto-Dental Anomalies (CESDA) study conducted in 2015 among children living in Tehran, Iran. Cluster random sampling was applied among 19 districts of Tehran. A total of 38 schools were selected, and out of 1585 participants, the data of 1429 children were collected (response rate = 90%). The Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analyses.Of all participants, 758 were boys and 671 were girls. The mean age was 121 ± 8 months. The most significant background determinants associated with molar relationship were ethnicity and place of residence. Class I right molar relationship was seen in 57.9% of the children and was generally more frequent in boys. Normal overjet was observed in 47.1%; 41.5% had an increased overjet, 16.2% had an anteroposterior cross-bite, and 11.8% had a lateral cross-bite. Midline discrepancy was seen among 61.1% of the children. Ideal anteroposterior, vertical, and horizontal relationship were observed in 31%, 53%, and 34% of the children, respectively. Only 10% of the children aged 9 - 11 years old had an ideal interarch relationship. Gender and place of residence had persistently significant association with having an ideal anteroposterior, vertical, horizontal, and interarch relationships (P < 0.002) in all four binary logistic regression models.The majority of the children aged 9 - 11 years old have at least one interarch problem, although it is commonly preventable.Early detection of children's orthodontic problems may help with effective prevention of further advanced anomalies.

Evaluation of Reliability of Various Cephalometric Angles for Assessing Sagittal Jaw Dysplasia in Different Skeletal Pattern: A Cephalometric Study

Objective: The study aimed to compare the reliability of different cephalometric angles like the Beta, Yen, W and Pi angles to evaluate sagittal dysplasia in various skeletal patterns and assess the correlation between the variables.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: 135 pre-treatment lateral cephalograms were taken and further divided into Class I, Class II and Class III groups. Each group had equal samples of 45 (n=45), based on ANB angle using Nemoceph software. Cephalometric landmarks Pi, Yen, Beta and W angle were identified and measured. Statistical analysis was done using the ANOVA test followed by Correlation coefficient analysis.&#x0D; Results: Pi angle was highly predictable for differentiating class I cases, with 91.1% accuracy. Whereas in class II cases Pi and Beta angle were found to be most predictable with 73% and 66% accuracy respectively, while in class III cases Yen angle was found to be most predictable with 88% accuracy.&#x0D; Conclusion: Overall Pi angle is considered the most reliable for assessing anteroposterior jaw relationship, followed by Beta and Yen angle.

FSA Angle: A Soft Tissue Approach for Assessing Sagittal Skeletal Discrepancy.

IntroductionLateral cephalograms are taken as a diagnostic aid for the evaluation of the anteroposterior relationships. The assessment of anteroposterior soft tissue relationships is by using skeletal points and cranial reference planes. The anteroposterior relationships are, however, clinically affected by soft tissue structures. In this pilot study, we aim to assess the anteroposterior relationships based on soft tissue landmarks.Materials and methodsLateral cephalograms were collected from 100 patients and evaluated on Facad software. The subject consisted of a mean age of 20 ± 7 years. Fifty-four cephalograms selected were used to perform the analysis. A new angle FSA was measured based on soft tissue landmarks. A new plane used for this analysis is the SA plane. Using this angle, we classified the cephalograms as class I, II, and III.ResultsThere is a statistically significant value to differentiate the profile of patients using the FSA angle. Thus, this new angle is created to determine the anteroposterior soft tissue relationship using soft tissue landmarks on a cephalometric analysis and from our data, the value was 81 ± 7.57° for class 1 patients that is consistent with the previous studies which evaluate sagittal skeletal relationships.ConclusionThere are various difficulties and errors in the previous analysis that is used to determine the anteroposterior jaw relations. Skeletal landmarks have been used previously and most of these points are not stable points. Thus, this new analysis that will be using soft tissue landmarks can be used to differentiate in the various profiles of patients with different malocclusions.How to cite this articleSreenivasagan S, Sivakumar A. FSA Angle: A Soft Tissue Approach for Assessing Sagittal Skeletal Discrepancy. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(S-1):S54–S56.

Mount Vernon Index vs Yen Angle for Assessment of Anteroposterior Apical Jaw Base Relationship.

Aims and objectivesThis research aimed to determine the predictability and variability of the Yen angle and Mount Vernon Index (MVI) in relation to the other four sagittal discrepancy parameters, as well as to evaluate and explain any correlations that exist. The Lateral Cephalograms of 100 Class I Indian participants aged 17–24 years were recorded. The lateral cephalograms were traced for six distinct AP characteristics, including ANB, Wits appraisal, facial convexity, and beta angle, Yen angle, and MVI. The gathered data were evaluated statistically using S.P.S.S. version 10. To determine the difference between males and females, an independent “t” test was used. The coefficient of variability and correlation methods were used to determine the correctness of the Yen angle and MVI, as well as the association between the variables.ResultsThe results of this study indicate that the most predictable and highly dependable parameter was the Yen angle (CV = 5.63), followed by the beta angle (5.63), the MVI (CV = 13.6), the ANB, Rickett's analysis, and Wit's analysis. Throughout all five analyses, the most statistically significant positive association between the MVI and the BETA angle was determined.ConclusionThe derived inferences from the study included the high reliability of the yen angle for assessing the AP skeletal patterns of a patient, followed by the beta angle and MVI.How to cite this articleDoshi JR, Jain P, Jain M, et al. Mount Vernon Index vs Yen Angle for Assessment of Anteroposterior Apical Jaw Base Relationship. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(S-1):S35–S38.

PCN Art Brut Series No. 23, Artwork Description.

The artist lost his father by suicide when he was five years old. He discovered his father's photograph at the age of fifteen, and since then he began to suffer from insomnia, gradually manifesting abnormal experiences, which eventually lead to the onset of schizophrenia. He has been hospitalized a number of times for referential ideation and delusions of grandeur that he was God. While he sometimes became unwell in reaction to trivial actions or changes in his environment, his condition has been generally stable and currently he visits a hospital in Oita Prefecture from a group home, where he continues his creative activities. Since his childhood, when his father committed suicide, he has been drawing as his life's work, and his style varies widely. When he creates, he tries to express his emotions at the given moment, says the artist. In this piece, there are two islands, each of which is made up of an accumulation of numerous figures. The figures include animals such as rabbits and cats, buildings such as houses and factories, what looks like human faces with various expressions, and geometric shapes. Take a close look and you can see the overlap between images. The overlap of the images brings the anteroposterior and horizontal relationships to the viewer's awareness, which naturally gives a touch of three-dimensionality to the islands. This three-dimensionality, combined with the sense of unreality brought about by the gold in the margins, makes these islands appear to be floating in some kind of space rather than in the sea. Or perhaps, given the similarity of the components of the two islands, one might represent a form of the other that has transformed over time, or that has even transcended the space as we know it.

Prevalence and characteristics of mandibular divergency in class III patients

Introduction: The classical skeletal divisions of orthodontic patients are the Angle's classification of Classes I, II, and III and of mandibular inclination into normo-, hypo-, or hyperdivergent. Of these classifications, Class III and hyperdivergent are the least studied. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and relationship between Class III and hyperdivergency. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of Class III patients were collected from Riyadh Elm University and were traced by WebCephTM software and measured for 16 linear and angular measurements to determine anteroposterior, vertical, and dental associations. To determine the anteroposterior relationships, Sella-Nasion to A point Angle, Sella-Nasion to B point Angle, A point to B point Angle, and Wits appraisal were used. Class III status was determined by utilizing (A point to B point Angle &lt;1) and (Wits appraisal &lt;−2.5). The vertical divergency pattern was considered according to normal Frankfort horizontal plane and mandibular plane (FMA) (22°–28°) and SN-GoMe: Sella-Nasion to Mandibular plane (27°–36°) measurements. The dental correlation was considered according to upper incisor to maxillary plane (U1-Mx) and lower incisor to mandibular plane angle. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (version 25) software. Results and Conclusions: One hundred and twenty-five Class III patients were included in the final analysis of this study. A significant correlation at 0.650 was discovered between ANB and Wits analyses (&lt;0.001). Subjects data was grouped, based on their mandibular divergency, into hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent. The distribution, regardless of measurement used, was significantly higher in the prevalence of hyperdivergents (FMA 46.4% and SNGoMe 56%) over hypo- and normodivergents. Although FMA and SNGoMe were positively correlated at 0.887, there were significant differences in their classification of divergency with higher levels of hyperdivergency with SNGoMe.

Evaluation of Beta, Yen, and W Angle in Assessment of Anteroposterior Jaw Relationship in North Indian Population: A Cephalometric Study

Evaluation of Beta, Yen, and W Angle in Assessment of Anteroposterior Jaw Relationship in North Indian Population: A Cephalometric Study

A combined Surgical-Orthodontic treatment in skeletal Class II malocclusion patients

Skeletal Class II malocclusion with mandibular deficiency is one of the most common problems that patients seek treatment. Adult patients with severe skeletal Class II malocclusion need orthognathic surgery for successful treatment. Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) is the most often preferred technique for these patients. This case report briefs about two male patient of age 24 years presented with Class II Skeletal relation, mesoprosopic facial form, horizontal growth pattern and Angle’s Class II div 1 malocclusion who were treated with Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) mandibular advancement. The ideal anteroposterior relation was established along with a Class I molar, incisor, canine relationship and ideal overjet, overbite and the overall facial esthetics were significantly improved. Combined surgical-orthodontic treatment aims to obtain a more harmonious facial, skeletal, dental and soft tissue relationship with an added patient self esteem.

Comparison of 2 Invisalign tray generations using the Peer Assessment Rating index

This study aimed to establish if there is a significant difference in effectiveness between 2 generations of Invisalign trays in terms of Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) score reduction for finished patients from a graduate orthodontic clinic. Forty-five pretreatment and posttreatment patients treated with the previous Invisalign material and 49 pretreatment and posttreatment patients treated with SmartTrack material were scored using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index. Both groups were controlled for initial weighted PAR score, age, gender, and treatment time. The 2 generations were compared in regard to absolute reduction, percent reduction, and great improvement in PAR score. The mean absolute reduction in weighted PAR score between the groups was not statistically significant (P=0.526). The mean percent reduction in weighted PAR score between the groups was not statistically significant (P=0.210). The proportion of great improvement between the groups was not significant (P=0.526). Only 6 of the 8 components of occlusion had enough variation to be modeled. An absolute reduction in unweighted PAR score was not significantly different between the groups for maxillary anterior alignment, overjet, or mandibular anterior alignment (P=0.996, 1.000, and 0.114, respectively). Percent reduction in unweighted PAR score was not significantly different between the 2 groups for an anteroposterior, overbite, or transverse (P=1.000, 1.000, and 1.000, respectively) relationships. Our study indicates that both generations of Invisalign aligners improved the malocclusion to a similar degree according to the PAR index. Patient-centric benefits of SmartTrack aligner should also be considered by the provider.