Anterior Width Research Articles

Notes On Caridea From Lake Rudolf, East Africa (Decapoda, Natantia)

The following measurements of our specimen are provided for purposes of comparison by future workers. Carapace width, 129.5 mm; carapace length, 65.3 mm; carapace width to anterior base of lateral spine, 107.7 mm; intra medial region anterior width, 24.6 mm; posterior width of same, 12.2 mm; length of same, 13.0 mm; frontal orbital width, 52.1 mm; frontal width, 16.6 mm. The specimen has been deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, USNM 149178.

Recent Advances in Pediatric Radiology

The trapezium shape of the talar dome limits the use of 2-dimensional plain radiography for morphometric assessment because only 2 of the 4 required parameters can be measured. We used computed tomography data to measure the 4 morphologic parameters of the trochlea tali: anterior width, posterior width, trochlea tali length, and angle of trapezium shape. A total of 99 subjects underwent computed tomography scanning, and the left and right talus bones were both virtually modeled in 3 dimensions. The 4 morphologic parameters were measured 3 times each to obtain the intraclass correlation, and analysis of variance was used to check for any significant differences between the repeated measurements. The average intraclass correlation coefficient for the measurements for 2 to 3 trials was 0.94 ± 0.04. Statistical analyses were performed on the data from all 198 talus bones using SAS software, comparing male and female and left and right bones. All 4 morphometric values were greater in the male group. No significant differences were found between the left and right talus bones. A strong positive correlation was observed between the trochlea tali length and the anterior width. The angle of trapezium shape showed no correlation with the other 3 parameters. The measurements were compared with the dimensions of the current talar components of 4 total ankle arthroplasty implants. However, most of them did not perfectly match the trapezium shape of the talus from our population. We successfully analyzed the trapezium shape of the trochlea tali using reliable virtual 3-dimensional measurements. Compared with other published reports, our study showed a relatively smaller dimension of the trochlea tali than the European counterparts.

Relationship of maxillary and mandibular gum pads in the newborn infant

A careful study of a group of 709 infants ranging in age from 1 to 11 days, leads to the following: 1. 1. In order to determine accurately the relationship of the gum pads, casts must be made and articulated by means of a bite. 2. 2. The gum pad of the mandible is distal to the maxilla in all cases on an average of 2.7 mm. in the male and 2.5 mm. in the female. 3. 3. The range of variation of this distal relationship is from 0 to 7 mm. 4. 4. There is a limited anteroposterior movement of the mandible but no lateral movement. 5. 5. When the jaws are at rest, the gum pads do not meet. 6. 6. The space between the anterior segments of the gum pads varies in form. 7. 7. With an increased distal relationship of the jaws the dimensions of the mandibular gum pads seem to be affected. The length and anterior width show an increase, while the posterior width shows a decrease. 8. 8. Comparison between spontaneously delivered babies and those delivered instrumentally shows little difference in the dimensions of the gum pads. Babies delivered by elective cesarean section compared with those with face presentation do, however, show appreciable dimensional differences.