Anterior Uterine Sac Research Articles

New nematode Tahaminaindica gen. nov., sp. nov. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Tylencholaimoidea) from the tropical rainforest, Western Ghats.

During a nematological survey in the Western Ghats a new nematode belonging to the superfamily Tylencholaimoida (Dorylaimida) extracted from the rhizosphere of the soil of grasses, is described and illustrated. Tahaminaindicagen. nov., sp. nov. is characterized by females with a body length of 1.3-1.4 mm; lip region 8.0 μm wide, approximately one-fourth of the body diameter at the pharyngeal base; amphidial fovea cup-shaped, about one-half as wide as the lip region diameter. Odontostyle 8.0-9.0 μm long, 1.0-1.1 times lip region diameter; guiding ring simple; odontophore rod-like, 10.5-11.5 μm long with basal thickening or minute knobs-like structure; pharynx consisting of a weakly muscular anterior part, expanding abruptly into a cylindrical basal bulb, occupying about two-fifths to one-half of the total pharyngeal length; female genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic with anterior uterine sac; vulval opening pore-like, and tail elongated with a slight dorsally curved tip. Males not found.

Six new and four known species of the genus Axonchium Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Belondiroidea) from the Western Ghats of India

Six new and four known species of the genus Axonchium Cobb, 1920 are described and illustrated from the Western Ghats of India. Axonchium indicum sp. nov. has a 1.2–1.4 mm long body, offset lip region, 8–9 µm long odontostyle, expanded part of pharynx 39–49 % of total neck length, anterior uterine sac 0.9–1.6 times the mid-body diameter long, and a bluntly conoid tail. Axonchium microspiculum sp. nov. has a 1.1–1.22 mm long body, offset lip region, 7–8 µm long odontostyle, 20–23 µm long spicules, two weakly developed ventromedian supplements, and obtusely rounded tail. Axonchium nilgiriense sp. nov. has a 1.4–1.6 mm long body, offset lip region, 8–9 µm long odontostyle, vagina strongly bent posteriad, 37–41 µm long spicules, 3–4 ventromedian supplements, and bluntly conoid tail. Axonchium paracingulatum sp. nov. has a 2.5–2.8 mm long body, offset lip region, 10–11 µm long odontostyle, vaginal lumen highly expanded in the middle, 69 µm long spicules, and broadly conoid tail with rounded terminus. Axonchium tropicum sp. nov. has a 1.7–2.0 mm long body, offset lip region, 11–12 µm long odontostyle, anterior uterine sac 2.3–4.0 times the mid-body diameter long, 40 µm long spicules, 4 widely spaced ventromedian supplements, and broadly rounded tail. Axonchium uniqum sp. nov. has a 1.7–2.0 mm long body, offset lip region, 10–11 µm long odontostyle, anterior uterine sac 2.5–2.8 times mid-body diameter long, 68 µm long and slender spicules, and broadly conoid tail. Axonchium nitidum, A. saccatum, A. transkeiense and A. vallum are redescribed based on specimens collected from several localities. A diagnostic key to the identification of the valid species of this genus is provided.

Morphological and molecular characterization of Pungentus sufiyanensis n. sp. and additional data on P. engadinensis (Altherr, 1950) Altherr, 1952 (Dorylaimida: Nordiidae) from northwest of Iran.

Two species of the genus Pungentus, one new and one known, collected in natural vegetation and cultivated soils in northwest of Iran, are studied. Pungentus sufiyanensis n. sp. is characterized by its 1.22 to 1.57 mm long body, offset lip region by a constriction and 7 to 9 μm broad, 18 to 21 μm long odontostyle, 304 to 348 μm long neck, 133 to 161 μm long esophageal expansion, mono-opisthodelphic female genital system without anterior uterine sac, slightly backward directed vagina, absence of pars refringens vaginae, V = 47−54, rounded-conoid caudal region (17.5–23 μm, c = 65–84, c´ = 0.7–1) with saccate bodies, and the absence of male. Molecular analysis, based on D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rDNA (LSU), confirms the monophyly of the family Nordiidae and suggests the monophyly of the genus Pungentus, with the new species forming a clade with other Iranian species. New data are presented for six Iranian populations of P. engadinensis, and an updated key for the identification of Pungentus species is also provided.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Tylencholaimellus zeinabadensis sp. n. (Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimellidae) from Iran, with additional data on five known species of the genus

Summary Six species of the genus Tylencholaimellus, one new and five known, collected in virgin and cultivated soils of East Azarbaijan province, Iran, are studied. Tylencholaimellus zeinabadensis sp. n. is morphologically characterised by its 1.2-1.7 mm long body, lip region 10-13 μm wide and offset by deep and broad constriction, odontostyle 16-20 μm long, stylet 22-30 μm long, neck 186-234 μm long, pharyngeal bulb 30-43 μm long, anterior uterine sac 55-103 μm long or 0.9-1.7 corresponding body diam. long, V = 34-41, tail short and rounded to conoid (20-30 μm, c = 45-83, c′ = 0.5-1.0), spicules 39-50 μm long, and one or two ventromedian supplements with hiatus. Molecular analyses using the D2-D3 expansion regions of the 28S rRNA gene sequences of the new species confirmed the monophyly of this genus based upon currently available data. A population of T. affinis is described and illustrated, and new data (morphometrics, pictures and distribution) are provided for T. loofi, T. paracinctus, T. polonicus and T. striatus.

Taxonomy of the genus Doryllium Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with description of two new and a known species.

Two new and a known species of the genus Doryllium Cobb, 1920 are described and illustrated. Doryllium enigmatum n. sp. is characterized by a body length of 0.40-0.52 mm; continuous lip region; rounded lips; asymmetrical odontostyle, 5-6 µm long, and flanged odontophore 9-11 µm in length; pharynx with slender anterior part which expands into a slightly constricted pyriform basal bulb, occupying about 16-18% of total neck length; mono-opisthodelphic female genital system; 7-9 μm long anterior uterine sac; transverse vulva and rounded-hemispheroid tail. Doryllium asymmetricum n. sp. is characterized by its 0.52-0.63 mm long body; cap-like, slightly offset lip region; asymmetrical odontostyle, 6 µm in length and 9-11 µm long odontophore with weak flanges; pharynx with slender anterior part which expands gradually into pear-shaped basal bulb, occupying about 16.4-18.5% of total neck length; mono-opisthodelphic female genital system; anterior uterine sac 17-30 μm in length, filled with sperms; transverse vulva and rounded-hemispheroid tail. D. minor is redescribed based on specimens collected from several localities in India and Germany. The diagnosis of the genus Doryllium is emended and a valid list of species with their synonymies and a diagnostic compendium of all the known species is provided.

Morphological and molecular characterization of Tylencholaimellus persicus sp. n. (Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimellidae) from Iran.

Tylencholaimellus persicus sp. n. is described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular characters. The new species is characterized by its 613-885 μm long body, expanded lip region separated from body contour by a sharp constriction, forming a large disk-like structure, odontostyle and odontophore respectively 12-14 and 6.5-8.0 μm long, female genital system mono-opisthodelphic with relatively long anterior uterine sac (AUS; 50-80 μm in length), position of vulva relative to the body length (V = 36.5-41.5), broadly rounded tail, abundant males in population with 22-25 μm long spicules and one ventromedian copulatory supplement. The new species is compared with five known species of the genus that have a perioral disc, rounded tail and AUS: T. coronatus, T. incertus, T. montanus, T. ozarkensis and T. projectus. Compared to these five species, the new species has an expanded lip region separated from body contour by a sharp constriction, but can further be separated by a combination of morphological and morphometric characters such as odontostyle length, tail shape, differences in ratios c´ and V and male characters. Because of having similar general morphology, the new species was also compared with a species of genus Margollus, M. bokanicus, and the differences between the two species are discussed. In addition to morphological and morphometric data, molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed using partial sequences of the 18S SSU and 28S LSU D2/D3 rDNA segments, in which the new species forms a clade with four species/isolates of Tylencholaimellus in the SSU tree and one isolate of Tylencholaimus in the LSU tree using Bayesian inference (BI).

A new and three known species of the genus Tylencholaimellus Cobb in M.V. Cobb, 1915 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Changbai Mountain, China

A new and three known species of the genus Tylencholaimellus Cobb in M.V. Cobb, 1915 are described from ChangbaiMountain, Northeast China. Tylencholaimellus sinensis n. sp. species is characterized by having a medium sized body (L=1.1–1.3 mm); outer cuticle with fine transverse striations; inner layer distinctly striated; radial refractive elementsabundant; labial disc absent; lip region offset by constriction; lips rounded and amalgamated; odontostyle 18–19 µm,odontophore 7–8 µm, combined length 25–27μm; anterior uterine sac 0.8–1.6 mid body diameters long; mono-opisthodelphic female genital system with small anterior uterine sac; transverse vulva and short conoid tail.Tylencholaimellus striatus Thorne, 1939, T. montanus Thorne, 1939 and T. cinctus Orr & Dickerson, 1965 are described for the first time from this region of the world.

Description of Dorylaimoides alborzicus sp. n. (Dorylaimida: Nematoda) from Iran, with updated compendium and key to the species of Dorylaimoides

Dorylaimoides alborzicus sp. n. is described. Characteristics of the new species include a lip region separated from the rest of body by a sharp constriction, 1.1–1.3 mm long body, 10–11 µm long odontostyle dorsal line and 8–10 µm long odontostyle ventral line, 15–16 µm long arcuate odontophore, anterior uterine sac 37–61 µm long (1.1–1.7 times corresponding body width), female tail straight to ventrally bent, elongate conoid with rounded terminus and 46–62 µm long and males with 31–35 µm long spicules, 5–6 ventromedian supplements and ventrally bent tail, 39–60 µm long. An updated identification key to all the valid species of Dorylaimoides, as well as a table of data for the species not included in the study by Peña Santiago and Peralta (1997b) is given.

Two new and two known species of the family Belondiridae Thorne, 1939 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Singapore

Two new and two known species belonging to the dorylaim nematode family Belondiridae Thorne, 1939 are reported and described for the first time from Singapore. Axonchium singaporense sp. nov. is characterized by having body 1.1–1.3 mm long, continuous lip region, cephalic framework distinctly sclerotized, odontostyle 6 μm long, posteriorly directed vagina, anterior uterine sac 30–50 μm long and clavate tail. Dorylaimellus (D.) hulqus sp. nov. is characterized by having body 0.4–0.5 mm long; offset lip region; odontostyle 5 μm long; expanded part of pharynx about 59–73% of neck length; longitudinal vulva; amphidelphic gonad; prerectum about four to five times anal body width in length and hemispheroid tail. A redescription of Oxybelondira penangi Ahmad and Jairajpuri, 1979 is provided and Axonchium amplicolle Cobb, 1920 is recorded for the first time from Singapore.

Some new and known species of the subfamily Lordellonematinae Siddiqi, 1969 (Qudsianematidae: Dorylaimida)

AbstractFour new and four known species of the subfamily Lordellonematinae are described. Lordellonema paraporosum sp. n. has a 0.61-0.64 mm long body, cuticle distinctly striated, lateral body pores indistinct, 20-23 ventral body pores distributed throughout body length, 2-3 dorsal body pores located anterior to nerve ring, lip region distinctly offset, angular, odontostyle 14-15 μm long, cardia with three glands and short conoid tail. Lordellonema macrodorum sp. n. has a 1.1-1.2 mm long body, inner layer of cuticle with distinct striations and separated from outer layer, body pores indistinct, lip region broad, offset by deep constriction, odontostyle 22-23 μm long, short conoid cardia with a thin disc, transverse vulva, amphidelphic genital system and short conoid tail. Sicorinema bashirjanae sp. n. has a 1.21-1.38 mm long, slender, body, distinctly striated cuticle, 8-9 μm long odontostyle, pore-like vulva, mono-opisthodelphic female genital system with short anterior uterine sac, and short conoid, minutely rounded, tail. Moshajia ladakhiensis sp. n. has a 1.5-1.8 mm long body, lip region offset by depression, 12.5-13.5 μm long odontostyle, amphidelphic genital system and short, conoid, bluntly rounded, tail. Poronemella is considered a junior synonym of Lordellonema and P. porifer and P. amini are transferred as L. porifer comb. n. and L. amini comb. n. In the nature of its outer and inner layer of cuticle, odontostyle and pharynx, Latocephalus lunulatus fits better under the genus Sicorinema rather than Latocephalus and is transferred herein as S. lunulatum comb. n. Lordellonema amini comb. n., and M. cultristyla and M. idiophora are reported and redescribed for the first time since their original descriptions. Poronemella shamimi is transferred to Lordellonema as L. shamimi comb. n. and P. divulgata is transferred to Crassolabium as C. divulgata comb. n. Diagnoses of all three genera are given together with keys to species.

Studies on nematodes of the family Aulolaimoididae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with descriptions of five new species

Abstract Five new and two known species belonging to the family Aulolaimoididae are described and illustrated from India and Costa Rica. Adenolaimus minor sp. n. is characterised by the short body (L = 0.38-0.46 mm), stoma supported by minute ribs, monoopisthodelphic female genital system with a small pre-uterine sac, obtusely rounded tail and male with slender spicules. Adenolaimus loofi sp. n. is characterised by the 0.66-0.72 mm long body; stoma and pharyngeal walls supported by minute rib-like structures; truncate lip region; 4.0 μ m long odontostyle; odontophore with basal flanges; mono-opisthodelphic female genital system with anterior uterine sac 0.7-1.0 times corresponding body diam. long; short hemispheroid tail and males with two, spaced, ventromedian supplements. Adenolaimus clavatus sp. n. is characterised by the 0.90-1.01 mm long body; stoma and pharyngeal walls supported by minute rib-like structures; continuous, rounded, lip region; 5.5-6.0 μm long odontostyle; odontophore with basal flanges; mono-opisthodelphic female genital system with a small anterior uterine sac and short clavate tail. Adenolaimus tropicus sp. n. is characterised by the 0.75-0.80 mm long body; lip region rounded and offset by depression; 5 μm long odontostyle; pharyngeal bulb not constricted; anterior genital branch reduced to an uterine sac and short hemispherical tail. Oostenbrinkia parva sp. n. is characterised by the small body (L = 0.440.49 mm); 4.0 μm long odontostyle with forked base, flanged odontophore; post-median vulva; vagina with two slender sclerotised pieces; amphidelphic genital system and short, hemispheroid, tail. Two known species, Aulolaimoides elegans and Adenolaimus orthus are redescribed and the generic diagnosis of Oostenbrinkia is emended. A species compendium and key to the genera and species of Aulolaimoididae are provided.

Taxonomy of Some New and Known Species of the Genus Tylencholaimellus With a Proposal for Margollus Gen. N. (Nematoda: Dorylaimida)

In this paper two new species of the genus Tylencholaimellus (T. loofi and T. cylindricus) are described and new information is provided on T. projectus Siddiqi, 1964 from Malawi and T. hispanicus Pena Santiago & Coomans, 1990 which is transferred to a new genus, Margollus, with M. bellus as type species. Tylencholaimellus loofi sp. n. is characterized by body length 0.6-0.9 mm, lip region offset by a less marked constriction, stylet 19-20.5 μm, pharyngeal bulb 22-30 μm, V = 26.6-33.5, prevulval sac 14-30 μm (0.5-1.0 times the corresponding body width), tail convex conoid to hemispherical (14-30 μm long, c = 37-55 and c' = 0.65-1.1), and males absent. T. cylindricus sp. n. can be distinguished by body 0.7-1.0 mm long, lip region continuous, stylet 25-28 μm, pharyngeal bulb 26-36 μm long, V = 28.7-36, anterior uterine sac 40-90 μm long (0.7-2.2 times body diameter), female tail hemispherical (16-20 μm long, c = 41.8-68.7, c' = 0.5-0.6) and characteristically slender spicules 44-50 μm long. Margollus gen. n. is very close to Tylencholaimellus but differs from it in having a very well developed cephalic framework with labial and postlabial sclerotization. M. bellus sp. n. is recognized by the medium sized body (0.84-0.96 mm long), lip region attenuated with its most anterior part set off by a constriction and the posterior part continuous with the body, labial sclerotization with a hook-like anterior part, stylet 30-22 μm long, pharyngeal bulb length 27-31 μm, female tail convex conoid (its length 21 μm, c = 41.3, c' =1.0), spicules 33-36 μm long and only one ventromedian supplement present.

Observations On Opisthodor Ylaimus, With Descriptions of Three New Species (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea)

The genus Opisthodorylaimus Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1982 is emended on the basis of five additional species. Two of these are species formerly included in the genus Thornenema Andrassy, 1959, but here transferred to Opisthodorylaimus as O. cavalcantii (Lordello, 1955) n. comb. and O. sylphoides (Williams, 1959) n. comb. The three other species are new ones: O. paracavalcantii n. sp. characterized by a didelphic reproductive system and presence of males; O. baqrii n. sp. characterized by a large anterior uterine sac; O. filicaudatus n. sp. characterized by its short body, head and amphid shape and long tail.

Descriptions of Etamphidelus Manipuriensis N. Sp., Paramphidel Us Paramonovi and P. Candid Us (Nematoda: Alaimidae) From India

One new species of Etamphidelus Andrassy, 1977 and two known species of Paramphidelus Andrassy, 1977 are described from India. E. manipuriensis n. sp. is 0.9-1.2 mm long, has amphids at 11-12 μm from anterior extremity mono-prodelphic reproductive system, filiform tail, 11-12 μm long arcuate spicules, and three ventromedian supplements. P. paramonovi (Eliashvili, 1971) Andrassy, 1977 is 1.1-1.3 mm long, has amphids at 12-14 μm from anterior extremity, mono-opisthodelphic reproductive system, an anterior uterine sac and filiform tail. P. candidus (Siddiqi & Basir, 1965) Andrassy, 1977 is 0.8-1.0 mm long, has amphids at 8-10 μm from anterior extremity, mono-opisthodelphic reproductive system, an anterior uterine sac, a very long, filiform tail, 7-8 μm long, straight spicules and five ventromedian supplements.

A New Species of Phallaxonchium and Description of Male Axonchium (Axonchium) Nitidum (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) From Manipur, India

Phallaxonchium parvulum n. sp. which closely resembles the type species P. altenuatum Jairajpuri & Dhanachand, 1979 is described from Manipur, India. It has a smaller body, differently shaped lip region, smaller odontostyle and odontophore, longer oesophagus, smaller anterior uterine sac, prerectum and spicules, and smaller and slightly differently shaped tail of the first stage juveniles. The male of Axonchium (Axonchium) nitidum Jairajpuri, 1964 is reported for the first time.

Observations On the Genus Thornenema Andrassy, 1959, With Description of Two New Species From Ivory Coast*)

Thornenema loofi and T. wickeni have newly been recorded from Africa. Thornenema maraouense n. sp. and T. samsoeni n. sp. are described. Both have well developed anterior uterine sac. Some general morphological characters of lip region, cheilostome, odontostyle and pharynx are described. Some general comments are made on the family Thornenematidae.

Nematodes of High Altitudes in India Iv. Two New Species of Belondiridae Thorne, 1939 (Dorylaimida)

Two new species of Belondiridae, Dorylaimellus himalayensis and Axonchium manalicum from high altitudes in India are described. The former comes close to D. graminis Kruger, 1965, but differs in its longer body, attenuated spear and differently shaped tail. Axonchium manalicum n. sp. comes closest to A. metobtusicaudatum (S. Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938) Nair & Coomans, 1973, A. heynsi Nair, 1973 and A. transkeiense Nair, 1973; it differs from the first mainly in its longer body, longer prerectum, longer and stouter spicules; from A. heynsi and A. transkeiense the new species mainly differs in its longer anterior uterine sac, differently shaped spicules and in having the last ventromedian supplement within spicular range. A key to the species of Dorylaimellus Cobb, 1913 is provided.

Basirotylept Us Modestus N. Sp. and Two New Species of Dorylaimoides Thorne & Swanger, 1936 From India

Three new species of soil nematodes are described and figured. Basirotyleptus modestus n. sp. is characterized by the labial disc, basal bulb equal in length to body-width and long anterior uterine sac. Dorylaimoides leptus n. sp. is distinctive in possessing post-anal intestinal blind sac, smooth inner part of cuticle, asymmetrical gonads and elongate-conoid, dorsally bent tail and D. elongatus n. sp. is distinctive from its closest relative D. modestus by its offset lip region, its vulva position and basal bulb length.

Amphidelus Sylvaticus N. Sp. and a. Candidus N. Sp. (Nematoda: Alaimina) From India, With a Key To the Species of Amphidelus

Amphidelus sylvaticus n. sp. and A. candidus n. sp. are described from soil from Nainital District, U.P., and Vizagapatam (South India) respectively. The female in both the species has a long, drawn out tail, single posterior gonad and an anterior uterine sac. The male of A. sylvaticus is also described. A key to the species of the genus is provided.

Studies On Dorylaimellus Cobb, 1913 and Nygellus Thorne, 1939 (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea) With Descriptions of Three New Species

Three new species of Dorylaimoidea belonging to the genera Dorylaimellus and Nygellus are described. Dorylaimellus basiri n. sp., 1.2-1.5 mm long; spear less than head-width long; spear extension about four times as long as spear; only three cuticularized pieces situated around vestibule; reproductive organs amphidelphic and tail conoid, ventrally arcuate, about five anal-body-widths long. Dorylaimellus parvus n. sp., 0.6-0.7 mm long; cuticle coarsely striated; spear less than head-width long; spear extension more than twice spear length; four cuticularized pieces situated around vestibule; reproductive organs amphidelphic and tail about three anal-body-widths long. Nygellus mozammili n. sp., 1.2-1.4 mm long; reproductive organs opisthodelphic; anterior uterine sac about half body-width long and tail clavate, about one and a half anal-body-widths long. A key to the species of Nygellus is also provided.