Anterior Tooth Size Research Articles

Comparison of anterior and posterior teeth dimensions between artificial teeth and natural dentition - An in vivo study

Background: The aesthetic and functional aspects of artificial tooth selection are pivotal for an individual's quality of life, a skill paramount to every prosthodontist. It gives a pleasing, expressive and confident life to the patient. Aim: This study aimed to juxtapose the dimensions of natural maxillary and mandibular anterior and posterior teeth with those of three commercially available denture teeth brands: Acryrock, Biorock, and Ivoclar Vivadent, taking into account gender variations Materials and Methods: Dentate casts from 23 males and 77 females were scrutinized for length and width of the natural anterior and posterior teeth dimensions. These measurements, collected by a single examiner employing a digital vernier calliper and flexible ruler, were subsequently compared to the specifications provided in the respective denture teeth mold charts. like Acryrock, Biorock, Ivoclar vivadent. The dimensions thus obtained are compared between the three systems of artificial teeth and natural teeth for selecting the best system of artificial teeth for complete denture prosthesis. Results : The study revealed that all three artificial teeth systems matched the width of natural maxillary anterior teeth. However, only the Ivoclar Vivadent teeth set closely resembled the dimensions of mandibular anterior and posterior teeth, as well as maxillary posterior teeth, across both genders. Conclusion: The findings confirm the feasibility of employing natural teeth dimensions to determine the size of anterior and posterior artificial teeth for complete denture prosthesis fabrication, providing a statistically and mathematically supported approach. keywords: artificial teeth, aesthetics, complete denture, dentulous subjects, mesiodistal width, prosthesis.

Comparison of the width-to-height ratio in maxillary anterior teeth in different populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The width-to-height (W/H) ratio values of maxillary anterior teeth are parameters used in esthetic dentistry. However, a meta-analysis of studies evaluating these parameters in individuals from different countries, taking sex into account, is lacking. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine and compare the W/H ratio values seen in the maxillary anterior teeth of different populations. A systematic search was performed using the PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases to identify English and non-English language articles reporting the golden ratio, golden percentage, tooth ratio, tooth size, W/H ratio, maxillary tooth width, maxillary tooth height, maxillary anterior tooth size, and dental esthetics. The titles, full text, and abstracts were scanned by 2 investigators independently to identify articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Using a meta-analysis software program, data extracted from each selected study were statistically combined using the random-effects model, and the weighted mean differences were calculated. The search protocol resulted in a total of 987 articles, but only 15 articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. While the sample size varied between 50 and 412 in the 15 analyzed studies, a total of 2304 individuals from 12 countries were evaluated. As a result of the evaluation of the general W/H means of the maxillary anterior teeth, the largest teeth were seen in Korea and Pakistan, and the general mean W/H ratios of the central, lateral, and canine teeth showed no statistically significant difference between sexes (P>.05). As a result of the meta-analyses of the W/H ratios of the maxillary central, lateral, and canine teeth, the differences between populations were found not to be statistically significant.

Relationship between permanent upper anterior teeth and anthropometric facial measures in different populations

Aim: The main purpose of this study was to conduct a narrative review investigating the possible relationship between permanent maxillary anterior teeth and anthropometric facial parameters in different populations. Methods: Searches were performed in the PubMed, BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) and SciELO databases to identify relevant scientific articles using the following search terms: “maxillary anterior teeth”, “facial measurements” and “anthropometry”, in such a way that 218 publications were found. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 publications remained for full-text reading. Results: All studies involved male and female samples and it was notorious that male measurements were unanimously higher than those obtained in the opposite sex. The age of the analyzed participants ranged from 17 to 60 years; however, a mean age of 18 to 25 years was the most investigated in literature. In addition, facial measurements including the bizygomatic width, interpupillary distance, intercanthal distance, interalar width and intercommissural width have been proposed to help determine the correct size of anterior teeth. Conclusion: It was concluded that despite the limited number of studies, some factors that influence dental and facial dimensions, such as sex and age, can be identified. However, there is no standardization of the facial or dental parameters used in the studies, a fact that makes it difficult to establish a universal ratio for clinical dental practice.

Comparison of Commercially available denture teeth with available natural teeth dimensions among genders

Background: Selecting the artificial teeth is an art, every prosthodontist should learn the art to fulfill the esthetic and functional requirement of the patient. It gives a pleasing, expressive and confident life to the patient. Aim: To compare the dimensions of natural maxillary and mandibular anterior and posterior teeth with the dimensions of three commercially available denture teeth such as Acryrock,Biorock and Ivoclar Vivadent along with gender consideration. Materials and Methods: The length and width of the natural anterior and posterior teeth from dentate casts of 23 males and 77 females were examined by a single examiner using a digital vernier caliper on a straight line and using a flexible ruler . These dimensions were also measured in three denture teeth mold charts: Acryrock, Biorock, Ivoclar vivadent. The dimensions thus obtained are compared between the three systems of artificial teeth and natural teeth for selecting the best system of artificial teeth for complete denture prosthesis. Results: This present study concludes that the width of available natural maxillary anterior teeth matches with the dimensions of all the three commercially available denture teeth such as Ivoclar Vivadent, Acryrock, Biorock. But the mandibular anterior and posterior teeth of maxillary and mandibular dentate cast dimensions were matching only with the Ivoclar vivadent teeth set irrespective of the genders. Conclusion: From this study, the determination of the size of anterior and posterior artificial teeth using the natural teeth dimensions for fabrication of complete denture prosthesis was proved statistically and mathematically.

Two-dimensional facial measurements for anterior tooth selection in complete denture treatment

PurposeAnterior tooth selection is one of the most challenging parts in determining tooth dimensions and critical to the aesthetic aspect of the complete denture treatment. However, the methods for anterior tooth size selection using facial measurements are still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dental measurements and facial measurements, and to establish the anterior tooth size prediction equation using facial dimensions in the Thai population for the complete denture treatment. Materials & methodsOne hundred and twenty-five Thai participants (53 men and 72 women) aged 18–35 years old with Angle class I occlusion, did not currently undergo orthodontic treatment, had normal alignment on the maxillary anterior teeth, no attrition, abrasion, proximal restoration or prosthesis were investigated. One frontal facial photograph and one dental photograph of each participant were made using an image analyzing program (ImageJ version 1.53b) to measure the six horizontal facial distances, five vertical facial distances and three dental distances as 2D facial and dental measurements. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. ResultsThe difference of facial and dental measurements between men and women were statistically significant (P < .001). Interpupillary width, interlateral canthal width, intercommissural width and bizygomatic width were correlated to dental measurements in both sexes. Intermedial canthal width and lip thickness were correlated to dental measurements in women. Face length and lateral canthus to lower border of face were correlated to dental measurements in men. Prediction equations of each dental measurement were established using only horizontal facial dimension and using both horizontal and vertical facial dimensions. ConclusionsFacial and dental dimensions are sex-dependent. Facial measurements can be applied in a regression equation to predict dental measurements. Adding vertical dimensions of facial measurements to the prediction equations of anterior tooth size selection results in a higher R squared to 0.444. This finding can be used as a tool for anterior tooth size selection in the complete denture treatment.

Tooth size discrepancies in Kosovar adolescents with different malocclusion classes

The goal of this study was to evaluate tooth size discrepancies in Kosovar adolescents according to the Bolton’s analysis, and to determine the differences between gender and malocclusion classes. A sample of 400 Kosovar adolescents, aged 13–19 years with various malocclusion categories (class I, II, III) according to the Angle’s classification, was randomly selected. The anterior tooth size ratio, overall tooth size ratio, posterior tooth size ratio, as well as distribution of tooth size discrepancies were assessed. The normality of distribution was assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the differences between genders by the Independent Sample T-test, the Mann-Whitney U-test, and differences among malocclusion groups by ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis, and the Dunn’s post-hoc tests. The tooth size ratios of men and women did not differ significantly. The results also demonstrated significant differences among the malocclusion classes only for the anterior tooth size ratio (p&lt;0.05). The overall and posterior ratios did not differ significantly within malocclusion classes. The percentages of Kosovar subjects with a deviation of more than 2SD from the Bolton average for the anterior and overall ratios were 41.37 and 23.79, respectively. The genders did not differ significantly regarding tooth size ratios. Among the malocclusion classes, the anterior ratio differed significantly. In Kosovar subjects, tooth size discrepancies tend to be higher compared to Bolton’s averages.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BOLTON'S RATIO AND OVER JET DEVIATION IN CLASS II MALOCCLUSION AMONG SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION- A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Introduction: The aim of this study is to analyze the difference in the incidence of tooth size discrepancies using boltons ratio in class II malocclusion with varying overjet. The study groups consists of Group I: normal occlus Materials And Methods: ion with ideal overjet and overbite (control), Group II: Class II div.1 with less than 5mm overjet Group III: Class II div.1 with more than 5mm overjet. The anterior and overall tooth size ratio was calculated for each sample as described by Bolton and included in statistical analysis. The mean anterior and Results: overall Bolton ratio of the normal occlusion group (78.8 and 91.88) is slightly greater than the original value. Class II malocclusion with overjet greater than 5mm showing a lowest anterior ratio, the overall ratio for the class II malocclusion group is almost same. Inter proximal Conclusion: slicing may be recommended in the anterior segment to eliminate the interarch discrepancy especially in increased overjet

Clinical Crown Length, Width and the Width/Length Ratio of the Maxillary Central Incisor Among Patients Reporting to a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal

Introduction: The most important aspect of dental and facial esthetics is the display of anterior teeth. It becomes a primary consideration to restore the correct size and proportion of anterior teeth for patients seeking prosthodontic treatment. There is tremendous influence of geographic location, race, ethnic background, gender in determining the size and proportion of anterior teeth. There is paucity of data regarding the width, length and width/length ration of central incisors in Nepalese population. Methods: An Observational, descriptive study was conducted in patients visiting T.U. Dental Teaching Hospital. Maxillary impression was made in alginate impression material and poured in dental stone. A digital caliper was used for the measurements, with a precision of 0.01 mm. The maximum mesiodistal width and the maximum crown length of the maxillary central incisors was recorded for each tooth. These data was tabulated and the width/length ratio was calculated. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science Version 17 (SPSS Ver. 17) and descriptive statistics was calculated. Results: A total of 127 participants were included in the study of which 64 (50.39%) were males and 63 (49.61%) were females. The mean width/length ratio for right and left central incisors are 0.89 and 0.86 respectively for males and 0.89 on both the sides for females. In case of right central incisors, males had higher mean crown width and length than female and these differences were found to be statistically significant. In case of left central incisor, there was a statistically significant difference in mean crown length between male and female, males having higher length score than female. Conclusion: Males had higher mean crown width and length than female and these differences were found to be statistically significant. The width/length ration for central incisor ranged from 0.86 to 0.89. Knowledge about the size and proportion of upper anterior teeth allows dental rehabilitation taking into consideration the local parameters of a population.

Justification of use of fixed retainers based on the analysis of size of the incisor and canine crowns

Anatomical features of the teeth should be accounted for dental treatment plans. The need for constant monitoring of changes in the dentition system determines the relevance of this research. The study aimed to establish the size of anterior teeth with the help of odontometry. We made bi-layer single stage impressions and cast diagnostic models of the anterior teeth of 50 male and 50 female participants aged 18–24 years. The absolute sizes of crowns of incisors and canines were established. To assess the reduction of lateral incisors, we calculated the interincisor index (Ii) of teeth 22 and 21; sexual dimorphism was determined using the Garn–Lewis formula. It was discovered that there are no differences in the mesiodistal widths of crowns of contralateral teeth on the right and left sides (p &gt; 0.05). The mesiodistal width of crowns of anterior teeth decreases (significant changes) in the following order: maxillary central incisors → maxillary canines → mandibular canines and maxillary lateral incisors → mandibular lateral incisors → mandibular central incisors. The degree of reduction of lateral incisors is low (Ii = 74.9) and more prominent in males than in females. In the examined patients, the greatest mean length of crowns of anterior teeth is that of upper central incisors and lower canines, while upper canines are shorter in length and upper lateral incisors, lower central and lateral incisors have the shortest mean crown length. Males have longer (mean length) crowns of lower canines, upper incisors and canines than females, the difference being significant (p &lt; 0.001). The parameters of the crowns determined in this study showed that they have sufficient height and mesiodistal width, which, together with the low degree of reduction of the lateral incisors, justifies the possibility of direct fabrication of orthodontic fixed retainers. The data can also be used at the stage of dental treatment planning.

Histopathological evaluation of pulp response to portland cement compared to MTA after primary canines pulpotomy (in vivo study)

IntroductionECC (Early childhood caries) is very common in children. Because of the small size of primary anterior teeth, endodontic exposures occur early. Pulp tissue response after pulpotomy of primary anterior teeth by both MTA and Portland Cement is very important when pulp exposures occur in these teeth.AimThis study aimed to evaluate in vivo pulp tissue responses after the primary canines pulpotomy with either White Portland Cement (WPC) or White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (WMTA), by histopathological analysis.Materials and methodsThe study included 30 primary canines in 21 healthy children aged 6–9 years old and it was classified into 2 groups according to the material. Group 1: included 15 teeth capped by White Portland Cement, and Group 2: included 15 teeth capped by white MTA. The dentine bridge formation, soft Tissue Organization, tissue fibrosis, formed dentin bridge thickness, pulp calcifications, hemorrhage in the pulp tissue, and deposition of new dentin on the inner surface of the dentin at 3 months periods were recorded.ResultsData were analyzed statistically; the Mann–Whitney U test was performed for the assessment of histopathological criteria. Descriptive statistics were performed for the analysis of participant properties. Histopathological analysis showed complete dentin bridge formation and normal soft tissue organization for both materials. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in dentine bridge formation (P value = 0.213), soft Tissue Organization (P value = 0.339), tissue fibrosis (P value = 0.079), formed dentin bridge thickness (P value = 0.139), pulp calcifications (P value = 0.581), hemorrhage in the pulp tissue (P value = 0.117), and deposition of new dentin (P value = 0.097), during the observation period.ConclusionsWithin the limitation of the current study WPC was similar to WMTA in terms of histological criteria so PC may serve as a good alternative to MTA in primary teeth pulpotomy.

Anterior Tooth Size Discrepancy in Class III Surgical Patients.

The purpose of the present study was to specify whether there are mesiodistal tooth size discrepancies in the anterior region in patients with dentoskeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment and to assess the relationship between anterior Bolton ratio and dentoskeletal cephalometric measurements. The diagnostic dental casts and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 113 nongrowing patients (54 females and 59 males; mean age: 19.96 ± 4.42 years) with dentoskeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment were included in the study. The mesiodistal widths of the 6 anterior teeth were measured from dental casts using a digital caliper accurate to 0.01 mm and anterior Bolton ratios were calculated. Lateral cephalograms were digitalized and used to measure 4 skeletal and 4 dental parameters. The mean anterior ratio of Class III surgical patients was 80.1% with a standard deviation of 2.8%. Clinically significant anterior tooth size discrepancies (greater than ±2 standard deviation) were found in 40.7% of the sample, 97.8% of those patients having anterior mandibular tooth excess. No significant correlation was found between the anterior Bolton ratio and cephalometric measurements. Clinicians should consider the probability of tooth size discrepancy in the diagnosis and treatment planning of Class III surgical patients and should perform interventions to eliminate these discrepancies during presurgical orthodontic treatment.

CORRELATION OF THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PTERYGOMAXILLARY NOTCHES AND THE COMBINED WIDTH OF MAXILLARY ANTERIOR TEETH IN DENTATE SUBJECTS - AN OBSERVATIONAL ANALYTICAL STUDY

Purpose: The objective of this study was to find the correlation of the distance between pterygomaxillary notches and the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth.Material &amp;Methods:One hundred and twenty-six maxillary dentulous impressions were made (18-50 years old) using metallic stock tray and irreversible hydrocolloid impression material, then poured in dental stone. The distance between Pterygomaxillary notches and the mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth were measured by digital vernier calliper on a dental stone cast. The mean of the measurements was statistically analysed using Pearsons correlation co-efficient. Results: The mean distance between pterygomaxillary notches was 39.5 ± 3.7mm and the mean of combined width of six maxillary anterior teeth was 45.5 ± 2.A moderately significant correlation was found for the distance between pterygomaxillary notches and the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth (p&lt;0.01, r=0.335).Only 11.2 percent of the samples showed a correlation between the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth and the distance between the pterygomaxillary notches. Conclusions: The relation between the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth and distance between the pterygomaxillary notches was significant (p&lt;0.01). The distance between pterygomaxillary notches can influence the size of maxillary anterior teeth along with other factors.It was concluded that for every 1mm increase in the distance between the pterygomaxillary notches, there will be a 0.18mm increase in the dimension for the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth.Distance between pterygomaxillary notches is a reliable method for the selection of maxillary anterior teeth. Clinical Relevance To Interdisciplinary Dentistry: 1. This can be used for teeth selection in patients with nasal, eye defects where inter-alar/ inter-pupillary width is not reliable. 2. This correlation can be applied to any restorative procedures involving rehabilitation of maxillary anterior teeth.

Comparison between Bolton analysis and Chu’s simplified method for calculating anterior tooth size discrepancy

Comparison between Bolton analysis and Chu’s simplified method for calculating anterior tooth size discrepancy

Analysis of Lower Facial Third and Dental Proportions to Predict Maxillary Anterior Teeth Width in the Pakistani Population

Obtaining the size of the maxillary anterior teeth when performing an esthetic smile rehabilitation can be a difficult task. Metrics based on dental proportions to assist in the process are required. This study aimed to evaluate the lower facial third proportions i.e., the interalar, interphiltral, and intercommisural distance with dental proportions in predicting maxillary anterior teeth width in Pakistani citizens. This analytical study was conducted on 230 participants. Front face and retracted smile photographs were captured for all the participants, followed by maxillary impression making. The cast was then converted to 3D models for analysis. The data were entered into SPSS-25. Descriptive statistics were carried out for frequency, mean, standard deviation, and percentage calculation of gender, teeth widths, horizontal mid facial proportions, and age of the participants. Independent t-test was applied for analysis of gender and arch side disparity. Regression analyses were performed to analyze the relationship between independent variables (gender, age, weight, and height) and dependent variables (horizontal facial proportion, dental proportion). A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. The interphiltral distance (IPLD) modified with Preston proportion (PRP) showed no significant difference with combined central incisor width, whereas a significant difference was found with golden proportion (GP), 70% recurrent esthetic dental (RED) proportion, and golden percentage (GM) modification. However, the interalar (IAD) and intercommisural distance (ICoD) modified with dental proportions showed a significant difference with maxillary anterior teeth width. The width of maxillary anterior teeth determined by plaster dental cast and 3D dental cast showed no significant difference. The ICoD, IAD, and IPLD could not be used to determine combined central incisor and intercanine width directly. The interphiltral distance modified with Preston proportion is a reliable method to predict combined central incisor width in the population studied. There was a significant difference in gender disparity when ICD, IAD, and IPLD were modified with dental proportions, except in the case of IPLD by the Preston proportion group. The golden proportion, 70% RED proportion, and golden percentage by lower facial third facial proportions are not reliable methods to predict maxillary anterior teeth width.

The Relationship of Facial Measurements with the Mesiodistal Width of the Maxillary Anterior TeethWidth of the Maxillary Anterior Teeth

The relationship between facial measurements and the size of the maxillary anterior teeth in the Malaysian population is still a point of contention. Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish a relationship between facial measurements and the mesiodistal width of the maxillary anterior teeth (MDW), which could be used to guide the selection of anterior teeth for complete denture construction. Methods: The facial and dental measurements were obtained directly from 170 Malay adults aged between 19 to 35 who had morphologically normal permanent maxillary anterior teeth from canine to canine. The facial dimensions measured were interpupillary distance (IPD), intercanthal distance (ICD) and interalar distance (IAD). The facial dimensions were measured using a digital vernier calliper while the mesiodistal width of the maxillary anterior teeth was measured with a flexible ruler. The three facial dimensions were correlated with MDW for both genders. Results: The IPD and IAD were significantly (p&gt;0.001) larger in males (IPD: 68.30±4.24mm; IAD: 39.60±2.54mm) than in females (IPD: 65.93±3.91mm; IAD: 36.96±2.29). There was no significant correlation between any of the facial dimensions and MDW in males or females. Conclusion: For the studied population, the interpupillary, intercanthal, and interalar distances may not be used as reliable guides when determining the size of maxillary anterior teeth in complete denture construction

Face Proportions, and Analysis of Maxillary Anterior Teeth and Facial Proportions in a Thai Population

Background: Esthetics is the primary consideration for patients looking for prosthetic treatment. Determining the facial types of Thai populations is important because most studies conducted in Caucasian populations mention their facial types, and describe the gender comparisons, and GP of the teeth. Objectives: This study compared facial proportions, analyzed the maxillary anterior teeth proportions and determined the relationships between teeth with facial measurements using the Golden Proportion (GP) and Golden Standard (GS) in a Thai population. Methods: A total of 200 students (18-35 years) with well-aligned maxillary anterior teeth participated in this study. Face heights and widths were measured from the face using digital calipers and faces were classified as narrow, average, and broad. Teeth and face proportions were compared with GP and GS. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare maxillary anterior teeth proportions and facial proportions with different face types (α= 0.05). Pearson’s correlation was used (α= 0.05) to determine the correlation between facial proportion and teeth dimension among different facial types. Results: The findings showed 82.50% narrow face, 13.50% average, and 4% broad face among Thai subjects. No GP or GS was found in the face and anterior teeth, but teeth and face proportions other than GP and GS were found. No significant correlation was found between the Width of the Central Incisor (WCI) with interpupillary distance and alar width. Conclusion: In this study, the GP was not found in the facial and teeth proportion. The data obtained from this study may help to provide guidelines for prosthetic and orthodontic management and help to select the proper size and form of the maxillary anterior teeth to achieve proper esthetic outcomes in the Thai population.

The applicability of Bolton’s tooth size ratios to Chhattisgarh population in India

Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess whether Boltons ratio can be applied to Chattisgarhi population and if values obtained are significantly different from that of Boltons established values, then to establish Boltons standards for the Chhattisgarhi population and also to determine if sexual dimorphism exists in overall and anterior ratios. Study Design: 120 subjects (60 male and 60 female) between 17-25 years of age having normal occlusion were selected. Boltons anterior and overall ratio was calculated on study models and values obtained were statistically analyzed for co-efficient of variation, standard deviation and mean values. This data was compared with standard Bolton’s values. Results: The combined anterior and overall ratios of Chhattisgarhi population did not differ significantly from that of Boltons sample, however significant sexual dimorphism was noted both in anterior and overall ratios among males and females. Conclusion: Boltons anterior and overall tooth size ratios can be applied to Chhattisgarhi population. Keywords: Bolton ratio, Chhattisgarhi population.

Prevalence of Congenital Missing, Supernumerary Teeth, and Size, Shape and Rotation of the Maxillary Anterior Teeth in Patients with Cleft Lip and Alveolus

Prevalence of Congenital Missing, Supernumerary Teeth, and Size, Shape and Rotation of the Maxillary Anterior Teeth in Patients with Cleft Lip and Alveolus

Porcelain veneer for a simple and esthetic treatment on anterior teeth with enamel hypoplasia: a case report

Introduction: the esthetic factor should be considered for every patient who seeks a comprehensive dental treatment, especially for women. The anterior teeth deformities will diminish the levels of confidence and decrease self-esteem of the patients. The tooth development disturbances, such as enamel hypoplasia, may present an esthetic problem. Enamel hypoplasia is an alteration of organic matrix formation which characterized by the defect or porosity on the enamel surface. It can be restored with a variety of restorative treatment options including indirect porcelain veneers. Case: a 30 years old female patient was referred with chief complaint of anterior teeth discoloration. Clinical examination on the maxillary left central and lateral incisors revealed the defects on nearly half of the labial surface. Case management: the incisal lapping technique were chosen to prepared teeth #21 and #22 for indirect porcelain veneer fabrications. Conclusion: indirect porcelain veneers established an excellent esthetic result and restored the size, shape and color of anterior teeth with long term stability.

GOLDEN PROPORTION GIGI INICISIVUS SENTRAL RAHANG ATAS SUKU BALI DI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN GIGI UNIVERSITAS MAHASARASWATI DENPASAR

Tooth size determines a person's aesthetics. Some guidelines that can help in determining the size of the maxillary anterior teeth are pre-extraction instructions such as facial photographs, diagnostic models, radiographic photographs, and extracted teeth. &nbsp;If the instructions before extraction are not obtained then an ideal proportionis needed. This study aims to determine whether or not thereis a relationship between the width and high of the face to the mesiodistal and cervico incisal of the maxillary central incisors and what is the proportion of these teeth. &nbsp;This research is a analytic observasional research with design of crosssectional, &nbsp;using samples of 47 subjects from Bali'sTrobe age 17_25 at Facultyof Dentistry in Unmas Denpasar. The resul to research show a significant correlation between face width and high to the size of mesiodistal and servico incisal of the maxillary centralincisorson Bali'sTrobe. The proportion of face and teeth of Balinese belonging to the Mongoloid race was obtain 1 :1,639 and mesiodistal and cervicoincisal of the maxillary central incisors where1 : 1,6409