Anterior Dental Height Research Articles

Incisor and Soft Tissue Characteristics of Adult Bimaxillary Protrusion Patients among Different Skeletal Anteroposterior Classifications.

The objective of this study was to investigate the upper incisors (U1), lower incisors (L1), and soft tissue profiles of bimaxillary protrusion (BM) adult patients among skeletal Class I (BM1), II (BM2) and III (BM3). Understanding these characteristics would be useful for incisor and lip diagnostics in different skeletal classifications. Fourteen linear and twelve angular variables of the incisors and lips were evaluated in 214 lateral cephalograms (BM1 = 91, BM2 = 84, BM3 = 39). ANOVA and Bonferroni tests compared the measurements. BM1 and BM3 exhibited a greater U1 position and U1 inclination than the norms, while BM2 presented only a greater U1 position than the norms but normal U1 inclination. BM1 and BM3 had a significantly greater U1 position than BM2. BM1 and BM2 demonstrated a greater L1 position and L1 inclination than the norms, whereas BM3 displayed only a greater L1 position than the norms but normal L1 inclination. BM2 had the most anterior L1 position, whereas BM3 had the least anterior position. Only BM2 had a longer anterior dental height (ADH) than the norms, while BM1 and BM3 had a normal ADH and the significantly shortest ADH, respectively. Only BM1 had a normal upper incisor display at rest (U1R), while BM2 and BM3 displayed an increased and decreased U1R, respectively, with significant differences among the three groups. The most significantly protruded upper and lower lips were presented in BM2, but these were exhibited the least in BM3. The most significant acute nasolabial angle (NLA) was found in BM3, whereas BM2 presented the least acute NLA. A normal lip-chin-throat angle (LCTA) was observed in BM1 and BM3, while only BM2 had a greater LCTA than the norms. The most significant obtuse LCTA was found in BM2, while BM3 had the least obtuse LCTA. Therefore, both U1 and L1 in all groups presented protrusion and proclination, except for U1 in BM2, while L1 in BM3 exhibited normal inclination. The ADH and U1R were increased in BM2 but decreased in BM3. The most acute NLA was found in BM3, whereas the least acute was found in BM2. The most obtuse LCTA was in BM2, while the least was in BM3.

Digital evaluation and correlation of facial growth patterns assessed on lateral CEPH and orthopantomogram through ONECEPH mobile application

This study aimed to investigate the correlation of gonial angle and three linear measurements on OPG and lateral cephalograms and their effects on the different facial patterns using the OneCeph android app.About 90 pre-treatment digital lateral cephalograms and OPGs of 90 patients were selected and divided into 3 categories, based on their growth patterns. The OPGs and lateral cephalograms were uploaded on the OneCeph android app. After calibrating using One linear measurement i.e. length of extracted premolar for OPG and ruler in radiograph for lateral cephalogram, Gonial angle (Ar- Go-Me), ANS-Me (LAFH), U1-NF, L1-MP were measured. The data were collected, tabulated, and subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software (version 20.0). The level of significance was kept at 5%.Values for parameters were highest in the vertical growth pattern followed by average and horizontal in both cephalogram and OPG. Upon comparison of lateral cephalogram and OPG, no significant difference was observed in gonial angle and a significant difference in LAFH and L1-MP in all three growth patterns with OPG scores greater than cephalometric tracing. The interclass coefficient test indicated almost perfect agreement for the gonial angle between the two methods. A substantial agreement was seen for U1-NF on lateral cephalogram and OPG in the vertical group. Also, a fair agreement in the vertical and horizontal group was observed in Lower anterior mandibular height.Vertical parameters such as gonial angle and maxillary anterior dental height can be accurately determined on an OPG by the OneCeph application.

Correlation between Dentoalveolar Heights and Vertical Skeletal Patterns in Class I Malocclusion in Ethnic Javanese.

Objectives Vertical proportions of the face are important determining factors for diagnosis and planning appropriate orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic patients have different vertical and sagittal skeletal discrepancies, as well as associated varying degrees of dentoalveolar compensations. Dentoalveolar is a functional component of the jaw; it plays a role in occlusal dynamics and forms sagittal and vertical maxilla–mandibula relationships. This study aims to analyze the relationship between dentoalveolar heights and several vertical skeletal patterns in patients with Class I malocclusion in ethnic Javanese. Materials and Methods The sample consisted of lateral cephalograms of 75 patients (18 samples were male, and 57 were female). Determined by inclusion and exclusion criteria, the participants were selected from an initial sample of 196 patients with skeletal Class I malocclusion (sella–nasion–A and B [ANB] = 1–4 degrees). Cephalometric analysis was performed using OrthoVision2017 digital software. This analysis measured upper anterior dental height (UADH), upper posterior dental height (UPDH), lower anterior dental height (LADH), lower posterior dental height (LPDH), ANB angle, sella–nasion and mandibular plane (SN-MP), sella–nasion and palatal plane (SN-PP), palatal plane and mandibular plane (PP-MP), Frankfort horizontal plane and mandibular plane (FH-MP), sella to gonion (S-Go), articulare to gonion (Ar-Go), nasion to menton (N-Me), nasion to anterior nasal spine (N-ANS), and anterior nasal spine to menton (ANS-Me). Pearson correlation test was used to assess correlations among all variables ( p < 0.05). Results Significant correlations were observed between dentoalveolar heights and SN-MP, S-Go, Ar-Go, N-Me, and ANS-Me ( p < 0.05). Conclusions Patients with Class I malocclusion in ethnic Javanese exhibit a significant correlation between dentoalveolar and vertical skeletal patterns. UPDH and/or LPDH have a significantly positive correlation with SN-MP, S-Go, Ar-Go, N-Me, and ANS-Me. The orthodontic correction of the decreased or increased facial height included either the extrusion or intrusion of the anterior or posterior teeth in different ways.

Evaluation of Lower Anterior Facial Height and Incisors Vertical Dimension after Class II Division 1 Treatment

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment of class II division 1 malocclusion by extracting the maxillary first premolar causes vertical dimensional change is still a matter of debate. The purpose of this research was to determine the vertical changes of the lower anterior facial height and maxillary incisor vertical dimensions in class II division 1 malocclusion after orthodontic treatment with Edgewise technique. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on the cephalometry of 24 patients before and after orthodontic treatment with inclusion criteria as follows: Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion, aged 18-30 years old. Measurements were taken for the lower anterior facial height (ANS - Me) and maxillary incisor vertical dimensions by performing an Upper Anterior Dental Height (UADH). Data analysis used was the Wilcoxon test for unpaired data. Results: The result of p-value = 0.195 &gt; 0.05 for lower anterior face height showed no significant difference; and p-value = 0.878 &gt; 0.05 for UADH also showed no significant difference. Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment for class II division 1 malocclusion with the removal of two premolars does not change the lower anterior facial height and maxillary incisor vertical dimensions.

Mathematical modeling for explanation and prediction of treatment outcome in growing patients with anterior open bite malocclusion treated with rapid molar intruder and posterior bite blocks

PurposeRapid molar intruder (RMI) is a non-compliant treatment modality for correction of anterior open bite (AOB) in growing patients. The aim of this study is to explain the main treatment outcome (increase in overbite) by the other morphological changes after treatment with RMI and posterior bite blocks (PBBs). We also investigated the baseline characteristics that may help predict the treatment outcome. Subjects and methodsFourteen patients (mean age±SD=10.7±1.7year) with AOB malocclusion were treated with RMI springs and PBBs fixed on posterior teeth for 4 months. Patients were assessed before and after treatment using cephalometric radiographs. Multivariable regression model was developed to explain overbite change by the other morphological components. Single regressions of overbite change on baseline variables were conducted to determine best predictor of treatment outcome. ResultsTreatment produced significant increase in overbite. The change in overbite was best explained by the changes in facial axis angle, upper anterior dental heights and upper posterior dental heights. The best predictor for treatment outcome was the facial axis angle before treatment. ConclusionThe correction of AOB by the RMI may be explained by orthopedic and dental changes resulting from growth and treatment. The orthopedic changes consisting of counterclockwise mandibular true rotation is the strongest contributor to overbite increase. Patients with severe vertical growth pattern tend to have greater closure rate of open bite.

Long-term results of bilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis using an intraoral tooth-borne device in adult Class II patients

The aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the short-term and long-term skeletal and dental changes after mandibular osteodistraction with tooth-borne appliances in adult orthodontic patients. The sample consisted of 10 non-growing Caucasian patients with a Class II skeletal relationship due to mandibular deficiency, together with Class II dental malocclusion. All patients underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) using the ROD1 tooth-borne device. Lateral cephalograms were evaluated at four time intervals: pretreatment (T1), after mandibular distraction (T2), after orthodontic fixed appliance therapy (T3), and at long-term observation 8-year post-distraction (T4). Statistical analyses compared the skeletal and dental changes in intervals T1–T2, T2–T3, T3–T4, T1–T4, and T2–T4. MDO with the ROD1 tooth-borne device produced significant long-term (T1–T4) increases in the SNB angle (2.3°), total mandibular length (5.9mm), and corpus length (4.5mm). Potential adverse sequelae included significant increases in mandibular plane angle (4.3°), lower anterior dental height (2.8mm), and lower posterior dental height (2.5mm). Significant increases in lower incisor proclination occurred during distraction (7.5°). Distraction osteogenesis with tooth-borne appliances offers a minimally invasive surgical method with stable results for correcting mandibular deficiency in non-growing patients.

The differences of the skeletal and dental heights between the two age groups of cl-ass I deep bite. (Cephalometric Study)

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the age differences for deep bite malocclusion concerning facial skeletal and dentoalveolar height. Materials and Methods: It was carried out on a sample of (50) students (16 males and 34 females), aged (12–15) years with class I deep bite malocclusion present when the incisal edge of the lower central incisor is at least in contact with the gingival third of the upper central incisor in normal healthy individuals with full set of permanent teeth in both jaws. The sample were divided into two age groups (12–13) and (14–15) years old. Lateral cephalometric radiograph was taken for each subject. Twenty–one cephalometric measurements (nine angular and twelve linear) and five ratios had been determined. The data were statistically analysed using statistical package for social statistics. Results: The results revealed that upper anterior facial height, ramus height, total posterior facial height, lower posterior facial height, upper posterior dental height and lower anterior dental height were significantly increase with age in total sample. Males showed increase of total posterior facial height and lower posterior facial height with age while females showed increase of lower posterior facial height and upper posterior dental height with increasing age. Concerning ratios, total posterior facial height to total anterior facial height ratio was increased significantly with age in males opposite to the lower anterior facial height to total anterior facial height ratio which was decreased significantly with age in males. Upper posterior dental height to upper anterior dental height ratio showed significant increase with age in males, females and total sample. Angular measurements revealed that males, females and total sample showed significant decrease of the angle formed by the intersection between occlusal plane and palatal plane (Occ–pp) with increasing age. Conclusions: Deep bite was affected by age only for posterior skeletal facial dimensions and not for anterior skeletal facial measurements.

Age differences for Class I open bite malocclusion among adolescence (Lateral cephalometric study)

The purpose of this study is to determine the age differences for open bite malocclusion concerning facial skeletal and dentoalveolar height. The study was carried out on a sample of 50 students (24 males and 26 females) aged 12–15 years with Class I occlusion selected according to certain criteria among the students of secondary schools in the center of Mosul City. The sample was divided into two age groups: 12–13 years old, and 14–15 years old. Lateral cephalometric radiograph was taken for each subject. Twenty one cephalometric measurements (nine angular and twelve linear) and five ratios had been determined. The data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The results revealed that males showed significant increase in total posterior facial height, upper posterior facial height and ramus height with increasing age, while females showed increase of upper anterior dental height and decrease the ratio between upper posterior dental height and upper anterior dental height with increasing age. Concerning angles, females approved significant increase of the angle formed by the intersection between occlusal plane and palatal plane (OP–PP), while males showed a slight decrease of the angle of palatal plane inclination in relation to anterior cranial base (SN–PP angle) with increasing age.

PERUBAHAN PARAMETER DIMENSI VERTIKAL PADA PERAWATAN ORTHODONTI DENGAN PENCABUTAN EMPAT PREMOLAR UTAMA (Studi Sefalometrik)

The purpose of this study is to examine vertical dimensional changes after orthodontic treatment involving the extractions of maxillary and mandibular first premolar. Records of 33 patients consecutively selected consist of 30 females and 3 males, with class I malrelation of 14 subjects, class II malrelation of 19 subjects. 19 subjects were treated with Edgewise technique and 14 subjects were treated with Begg technique. Mean chronologic age was 20.33 years, with the range between 16 and 30 years old. The vertical dimensional changes were measured by three angular and eight linier parameters of pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs. The measurements were analyzed for statistical difference by paired t test. There was statistically significant difference in SNMP, FMPA, anterior face height, lower anterior face height, upper anterior dental height, lower anterior dental height, upper posterior dental height, lower posterior dental height. But there was no statistically difference in Y-axis, upper anterior face height and posterior face height.

Cephalometric parameters affecting severity of anterior open bite

One hundred and four patients with anterior open bite (AOB) were subdivided by statistical means into three distinctly separate groups with AOB of different severity based on the extent of separation of the incisors in the vertical plane. Cephalometric evaluation of all subjects was completed using 24 skeletal and 12 dentoalveolar measurements, and the results were compared between the mild, moderate and severe groups of AOB. The findings suggest that the palatal plane, mandibular occlusal plane, upper anterior dental height and upper posterior dental height correlate significantly with the severity of AOB. In contrast, skeletal jaw relationship in the horizontal plane correlated only weakly with severity. This study further highlighted the steep mandibular occlusal plane as an important indicator of AOB severity in contrast to the maxillary occlusal plane.

A study of the growth changes in facial configuration

In order to explore the growth changes in facial configuration, 160 subjects (80 young adults and 80 children aged 11-12) with normal occlusion were selected for roentgenocephalometric analysis. The present study led to the following conclusions: (a) The ratios of anterior upper to anterior total facial heights, anterior lower to anterior total facial heights, and anterior upper to anterior lower facial heights in both sexes stayed constant around 45, 55, and 81 per cent, respectively. (b) The change in the ratio of the posterior total to anterior total facial heights was mainly due to the greater potentiality of the posterior part of the lower face. (c) The increases of the lower anterior and posterior dental heights were larger than that of the upper anterior and posterior dental heights, respectively. The increases of the upper and lower posterior dental heights were larger than that of the upper and lower anterior dental heights, respectively. (d) On average, the mandibular plane and the occlusal plane tended to rotate forwards with age while the cant of the sella-nasion plane, the Frankfort horizontal plane, and the palatal plane remained fairly unchanged. (e) The saddle angle, the articular angle, and the FNA angle remained relatively stable with age, while the gonial angle and the FNB angle seemed to be age-related. The decrease in the size of the gonial angle might contribute mainly to the flattening tendency of the mandibular growth coincident with general growth. (f) Both the inclination of upper incisor to palatal plane and lower incisor to mandibular plane remained reasonably constant throughout maturation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anterior open-bite malocclusion: A longitudinal 10-year postretention evaluation of orthodontically treated patients

Long-term response of the anterior open-bite malocclusion was evaluated in forty-one white subjects who had undergone orthodontic treatment and were out of retention a minimum of 9 years 6 months. The purpose of the study was threefold: (1) to make cephalometric comparisons between a sample of open-bite patients and a sample with normal cephalometric standards, (2) to evaluate treatment and posttreatment changes that occurred in treated open-bite patients, and (3) to search for predictors and associations of value. Changes occurring across time in the open-bite patients were analyzed by computer means using pretreatment, posttreatment, and long-term cephalometric radiographs and dental casts. An analysis of subgroups was reviewed to compare dentoalveolar and skeletal relationships of both stable and relapse groups. More than 35% of the treated open-bite patients demonstrated a postretention open bite of 3 mm or more, with the relapse subgroup demonstrating across-time, less mandibular anterior dental height, less upper anterior facial height, greater lower anterior facial height, and less posterior facial height. Neither the magnitude of pretreatment open bite, mandibular plane angle, nor any other single parameter of dentofacial form proved to be a reliable predictor of posttreatment stability.

Orthognathic surgery norms for American black patients

Upon analyzing the literature, it becomes apparent that the hard- and soft-tissue norms of blacks differ from those of whites. However, these established black norms are not complete when evaluating potential surgical cases. Therefore, the intent of this study was to establish black norms that will be valuable aids for diagnosis in such cases. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken of 50 white adults (25 male, 25 female) and 50 black North American adults (25 male, 25 female). All subjects met the following criteria: 18 to 50 years of age; a normal Class I skeletal and dental relatiorship without any severe anteroposterior, vertical, or transverse discrepancies; and a balanced profile. The tracings involved 24 measurements that were analyzed with a digitizer. Sexual differentiation was included within each measurement. Significant differences between white and black subjects were found in the following areas: hard tissue (SNA, ANB, mandibular length, and the Wits analysis); dental (anterior dental height [ADH], amount of tooth exposure at rest, upper incisor-palatal plane [UI-PP], and lower incisor-mandibular plane [LI-MP]); and soft tissue (nasolabial angle [NLA], upper lip length [ULL], lower lip length [LLL], throat length [TL], and the lip-chin-throat angle [LCTA]). From a practical point of view, this study can be used by orthodontists and oral surgeons to aid in the diagnosis of black patients contemplating orthognathic surgery.