Inflammatory Reaction In Anterior Chamber Research Articles

Effects of a New Immunotherapeutic Agent (CG5601) on Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis

CG5601 is a novel immunomodulatory substance showing anti-inflammatory properties comparable to thalidomide. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of CG5601 in endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) and to evaluate its influence on leukocyte-endothelium interaction, the anterior chamber inflammatory reaction was assessed and intravital fluorescence microscopy was carried out at 2, 4, 8 and 24 h. Lewis rats received an intraperitoneal injection of CG5601 (200 mg/kg b.w.) at the time of lipopolysaccharide injection. At 8 and 24 h, CG5601 inhibited the cell migration and protein concentration in the aqueous humor compared to untreated EIU (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between nontreated animals and vehicle controls. The treatment of CG5601 reduced the number of rolling leukocytes. At early time points (2 and 4 h), inhibition of rolling leukocyte flux was significant (p < 0.005). The rise of serum TNF-α levels in EIU at 2 h was reduced. CG5601 exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects in EIU.

Inflammatory reaction via arachidonic acid cascade after intravitreal injection of endothelin-1

PURPOSE. To investigate the characteristics of anterior chamber inflammatory reaction induced by intravitreal injection of endothelin-1 (ET-1). METHODS. The time course of changes in aqueous protein concentration (APC) after intravitreal injection of 10 -4, 10 -5, 10 -6 and 10 -7 M ET-1 into rabbit eyes was measured with a laser flare-cell meter. The influence of a topical diclofenac sodium (DFNa) pre- and post-treatment was assessed. Aqueous prostaglandin E 2 and leukotriene B 4 concentration was quantified using a radioimmunoassay technique. RESULTS. Intravitreal injection of 10 -4 and 10 -5 M ET-1 significantly increased APC, while 10 -6 and 10 -7 M ET-1 did not induce anterior chamber inflammation. After 10 -5 M ET-1 injection, APC reached a maximum at 4 h post-treatment and returned to a normal level 48 h after injection. Eyes treated with 10 -4 M ET-1 displayed a bi-phasic time course, with peak values observed 4 to 8 h as well as 48 h after administration. Pre- and post-treatment with topical DFNa completely suppressed the APC increase in the 10 -5 M ET-1 preparation, and considerably inhibited it in the 10 -4 M ET-1 preparation. After ET-1 injection, aqueous prostaglandin E 2 concentration increased significantly, followed by an increase in APC. There were no changes in leukotriene B 4 concentration. CONCLUSIONS. ET-1 induces anterior chamber inflammation via the cyclooxygenase pathway of the arachidonic acid cascade. The lipoxygenase pathway is not involved in this reaction.

Role of anterior retinal cryoablation in the management of neovascular glaucoma

In a prospective study, the effect of anterior retinal cryoablation (ARC) in the management of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) was evaluated over two years, in 72 patients (74 eyes). The outcome of trabeculectomy/seton surgery preceded by 360 degrees ARC was also analysed in 12 eyes of 12 patients (6 eyes in each group). Following ARC, pain relief with dramatic regression of anterior chamber inflammatory reaction was observed in 95% of the patients (59 eyes). At the end of the follow up, as confirmed by iris fluorescein angiography, regression of neovascularization of the iris was documented in 93.5% (58 eyes) of the cases. Intraocular pressure control (< or = 22 mm Hg) was achieved in 82.3% (51 eyes) cases. IOP control of < or = 22 mm Hg was achieved in all the 6 eyes with the seton surgery following ARC. Similarly, control of IOP was successfully achieved in all the 6 eyes of patients with NVG with trabeculectomy with post operative course of 5-fluorouracil following ARC. ARC is strongly recommended in NVG, especially in eyes with media opacities and as a preliminary procedure for filtering surgery or drainage implant surgery.

A Prospective Evaluation of Anterior Retinal Cryoablation in Neovascular Glaucoma

We report a prospective evaluation of the effect of anterior retinal cryopexy on 62 eyes with neovascular glaucoma. Pain was relieved and anterior chamber inflammatory reaction regressed dramatically in 95%. Iris neovascularization was reduced or regressed in 93.5%. Control of intraocular pressure was clinically significant in 82.3% 1 year after the procedure, especially in patients with pretreatment pressures less than 40 mm Hg on maximal medical therapy. Anterior retinal cryopexy is recommended in eyes with media opacities and as a preliminary procedure for filtering surgery in eyes with neovascular glaucoma.