Resonant Frequency Of Antenna Research Articles

Resonance-Amplified Terahertz Near-Field Spectroscopy of a Single Nanowire.

Nanoscale material systems are central to next-generation optoelectronic and quantum technologies, yet their development remains hindered by limited characterization tools, particularly at terahertz (THz) frequencies. Far-field THz spectroscopy techniques lack the sensitivity for investigating individual nanoscale systems, whereas in near-field THz nanoscopy, surface states, disorder, and sample-tip interactions often mask the response of the entire nanoscale system. Here, we present a THz resonance-amplified near-field spectroscopy technique that can detect subtle conductivity changes in isolated nanoscale systems─such as a single InAs nanowire─under ultrafast photoexcitation. By exploiting the spatial localization and resonant field enhancement in the gap of a bowtie antenna, our approach enables precise measurements of the nanostructures through shifts in the antenna resonant frequency, offering a direct means of extracting the system response, and unlocking investigations of ultrafast charge-carrier dynamics in isolated nanoscale and microscale systems.

Electrical properties of acetone imprinted hematite nanomaterials doped with Pd & Ag for gas sensing and simulation of their wireless devices

This article presents a novel technique for wireless hydrothermally improved gas sensor devices enhanced by molecular imprinting technique (MIT) for hematite nanomaterials with the existence of acetone using different ratios (10 %, 15 %, and 25 %) as well as doping with palladium/ silver to detect the imprinted gas. α-Fe2O3 are characterized utilizing field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), photoluminescence, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photo-spectroscopy (XPS), and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and utilizes Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) to ascertain their shape, optical properties, and values for surface area and thermal characteristics, respectively. Depending on the preparation conditions, non-regular cubes and rods have typical particle sizes ranging from 25 to 120 nm, acetone imprinted and doped with palladium sample (Ap) offers smaller particles than acetone imprinted sample (A15) making adsorption easier. Where XRD showed all diffraction peaks for α-Fe2O3 as well as XPS authorized the oxidation state, also FTIR showed the characteristic peaks of the stretching mode Fe-O which indicates the formation of α-Fe2O3. Lower defects for (Ap) as it has the highest intensity of 176.15 a.u. in the photoluminescent spectrum, for TGA analysis results explain that pure sample has more thermal stability and lower weight loss. Six hematite films are fabricated using the spin coating technique where acetone molecules are presented during the synthesis process of the nanomaterials to imprint their shapes on the surface of hematite. By measuring the response of the gas sensors and their electrical properties, the I-V curve for Ap showed a rectifying behavior and its shunt resistance (Rsh) is higher than series resistance (Rs) which ensures a high response of (115 %). To develop a wireless gas sensor COMSOL Multiphysics software 5.3(a) software is used for the simulation of three devices model by depositing a layer by specified dimensions of hematites (A15, As, and Ap) with their different electrical conductivities on the surface of rectangular patch antenna by showing geometry, the microstrip patch antenna bandwidth, resonant frequency, scattering parameters, and radiation patterns in the E-plane and 3-D far-field pattern and directivity is calculated also, Sp gives improved reflection coefficient, gain quality factor and directivity due to its high electrical conductivity.

Designing of Inverted F Antenna and Utilizing of Blockchain in Vehicle Systems

Raed Daraghma, Eman Daraghmi, Yousef Daraghmi, Hacene FoThis paper is the first to integrate a blockchain system to improve the manufacturing efficiency and reliability of 5G F Inverted antennas. The recommended antenna is constructed from a single side of a premium aluminum conductor, the width of the radiator is 0.564 mm, the thickness of the conductor is 0.77 mm ground plane is 29.3 x 29.3 mm2 dimension. The antenna is designed to work at a frequency of 5.9 GHz, therefore it can be used for vehicle applications. It is designed to be inserted as an integrated antenna into an IOT device and is composed of Microstrip F shapes. Therefore, a rectangular Microstrip patch F antenna was built and its performance was examined in this work. 5.9 GHz is the antenna's resonance frequency range, which is suitable for vehicle applications. The simulation software for this work was Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. Antenna performance was compared concerning gain, bandwidth, and return on loss. By enhancing the production efficiency and reliability of 5G Inverted F antennas, our study sets a new benchmark for the integration of blockchain and smart contract technologies, paving the way for ground-breaking advancements in manufacturing techniques. The relevance of creating an inverted F antenna for the Vehicle Systems environment is increased by this research. Typically, rod antennas are found in automobiles. However, the Vehicle Systems industry's requirements for meeting the demands of human resources with a variety of applications at different frequencies are not met by the rod antenna now in use. Because of their important characteristics, which include wideband matching, omnidirectional pattern, high efficiency, and compact size, microstrip patch Inverted F antennas are highly favored in the Vehicle Systems industry. uchal

Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna for WSN Application

Abstract: This paper focuses on the design and simulation of a microstrip patch antenna for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications, utilizing HFSS (High-Frequency Structure Simulator) software and an FR-4 epoxy substrate. The objective is to develop an efficient and cost-effective antenna tailored for the 2.4 GHz frequency band, commonly used in WSNs due to its favourable propagation characteristics. The choice of FR-4 epoxy substrate, with a relative dielectric constant (ࡾࢿ (of 4.4 provides a balance of performance, availability, and cost-effectiveness. These properties are crucial in determining the antenna's resonant frequency and overall efficiency. The design process involves optimizing the dimensions of the rectangular microstrip patch antenna to achieve the desired frequency and performance metrics. HFSS simulation tools are employed to model the antenna's behaviour, allowing for precise adjustments and performance predictions. Key parameters analysed include return loss (S11), gain, radiation pattern, and bandwidth.

Novel Slot-MIMO Antenna Approach for Improved Connectivity in Sub-6 GHz Applications

This paper presents a proposed Slot-MIMO antenna with two identical ports, each port is fed through 50-Ohm microstrip line to operate within the sub-6 GHz (3.5-4.5 GHz) for fifth-generation (5G) cellular phone applications. The proposed MIMO antenna has been designed on FR-4 dielectric substrate (ɛ = 4.4, δ = 0.025, and h = 1.6 mm). The ground has two basic slots, one square slot radiator, and one irregular square slot radiator filled with a Diamond conductor shape. In addition, the ground has a DGS structure (8-slots) beside the two basic slots. The ground DGS is used to adjust the resonance frequency as well as to reduce the mutual coupling between the ports. The simulated result indicated that the proposed MIMO antenna has a gain of about 2.5 dBi and an impedance bandwidth of 614 MHz at the -10-dB (3.751-4.365 GHz). However, an impedance bandwidth of 1180 MHz at -6-dB (3.32-4.5 GHz) is achieved. The mutual coupling is less than -24 dB overall the bandwidth, and the efficiency is more than 80% at the antenna resonance frequency (4.15 GHz). This antenna has been implemented and measured, and the results have been agreed with the simulated ones. In addition, the proposed Slot-MIMO antenna can be used as a MIMO antenna-cell with the smartphone. Many MIMO cells can be etched on the smartphone motherboard to improve connectivity with high isolation.

Slot-Loaded Vivaldi Antenna for Biomedical Microwave Imaging Applications: Influence of Design Parameters on Antenna's Dimensions and Performances.

This paper demonstrates the design steps of a slot-loaded Vivaldi antenna for biomedical microwave imaging applications, showing the influence of the design parameters on the antenna's dimensions and performances. Several antenna miniaturization techniques were taken into consideration during the design: reduction in the electromagnetic wavelength by using a high-permittivity substrate material (relative permittivity ϵr=10.2), the placement of the antenna inside a coupling medium (ϵr=23), and the elongation of the current path by etching slots on each side of the radiator to reduce the antenna's lowest resonant frequency without increasing its physical dimensions. Moreover, an analysis of different antenna slot design scenarios was performed considering different slot lengths, inclination angles, positions, and numbers. Considering the frequency range of microwave imaging (i.e., about 500 MHz-5 GHz) and the array arrangement typical of microwave imaging, the best design was chosen. Finally, the antenna was fabricated and its performances in the coupling medium were characterized. The simulation and measurement results showed good agreement between each other. In comparison with literature antennas, the one developed in this work shows wide bandwidth and compact dimensions.

A quad port dual band notch UWB MIMO antenna using hybrid decoupling structure

A four-port dual-band notch ultrawideband (UWB) multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) antenna for automotive applications is presented. Initially, a circular patch monopole antenna is designed and optimized by embedding a rectangular stub onto the radiator and lowering the ground plane to realize the UWB frequency spectrum. The dual-band frequency notch, from 4.6 to 5.9 and 6.8–8.8 GHz, is achieved using a half wavelength slot onto the feedline and a pair of H-shaped stubs across the feedline, respectively, to cover WLAN and complete x-band satellite communication. Further, the designed dual-band notch UWB antenna is transformed to a four-port MIMO antenna with interelement spacing much smaller than λ/4 (λ at 3.1 GHz) and a size of 0.46 × 0.41 × 0.01 λ3. Isolation improvement is achieved by a hybrid decoupling technique comprising a distinctive neutralization line (NL) and defected ground structure (DGS). The average isolation of the proposed design is better than 22 dB. Characteristic mode analysis of the proposed antenna is performed to analyze the specific significant mode and their contribution to the antenna radiation. The antenna design's diversity and time-domain properties are analyzed and found suitable for automotive applications. The antenna's electromagnetic interaction with the electrically large structure is studied by mounting the antenna onto an open-source automobile model, and the gain is determined to be more than 6.1 dB at the antenna's resonant frequencies.

Phonon–Polaritonic Resonances on Nanopillars of Hexagonal Boron Nitride for Surface‐Enhanced Infrared Absorption

Phonon polaritons (PhPs) in hexagonal boron nitride enable sharp midinfrared optical resonance with strong spatial confinement, making them promising for surface‐enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy. Here, using colloidal nanosphere lithography, hBN nanopillar antennas are fabricated and their PhP resonances in a cost‐effective way are demonstrated. By varying the diameters of the hBN nanopillars, the PhP resonance can be readily tuned to match the molecular vibrations of CBP (4,4′‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl) molecules. Upon frequency matching, the coupling between the PhP resonance and the molecular vibration shows pronounced mode splitting, illustrating the SEIRA behavior with a coupling strength approaching the strong coupling regime. However, with slight frequency mismatching around 10 cm−1, the coupling strength decreases significantly, indicating a high sensitivity of the SEIRA activities to the resonance frequency of hBN nanopillar antennas. The findings provide a new method for the fabrication of PhP nanoantennas and may promote the development of PhPs in SEIRA‐based midinfrared sensing applications.

Strain-invariant stretchable radio-frequency electronics.

Wireless modules that provide telecommunications and power-harvesting capabilities enabled by radio-frequency (RF) electronics are vital components of skin-interfaced stretchable electronics1-7. However, recent studies on stretchable RF components have demonstrated that substantial changes in electrical properties, such as a shift in the antenna resonance frequency, occur even under relatively low elastic strains8-15. Such changes lead directly to greatly reduced wireless signal strength or power-transfer efficiency in stretchable systems, particularly in physically dynamic environments such as the surface of the skin. Here we present strain-invariant stretchable RF electronics capable of completely maintaining the original RF properties under various elastic strains using a 'dielectro-elastic' material as the substrate. Dielectro-elastic materials have physically tunable dielectric properties that effectively avert frequency shifts arising in interfacing RF electronics. Compared with conventional stretchable substrate materials, our material has superior electrical, mechanical and thermal properties that are suitable for high-performance stretchable RF electronics. In this paper, we describe the materials, fabrication and design strategies that serve as the foundation for enabling the strain-invariant behaviour of key RF components based on experimental and computational studies. Finally, we present a set of skin-interfaced wireless healthcare monitors based on strain-invariant stretchable RF electronics with a wireless operational distance of up to 30 m under strain.

RBFNN-based UWB 4×4 MIMO Antenna Design with Compact Size, High Isolation, and Improved Diversity Performance for Millimeter-Wave 5G Applications

Abstract The millimeter-wave spectrum has emerged as a compelling solution to address the pressing need for high-datarate
capabilities in the development of 5G technology systems. Spanning between 20 GHz and 40 GHz, this spectrum
encompasses several prominent frequency bands crucial for advancing 5G applications. In light of this, our study
presents a thorough investigation into the design and performance of a compact cross-shaped slot broadband antenna,
complemented by a 4×4 Multiple-InputMultiple-Output (MIMO) configuration tailored for 5G operations at
28 GHz. The primary objective of this study is to develop an antenna system capable of achieving an extended bandwidth
ranging from 20 GHz to 40 GHz, effectively covering the crucial frequency bands essential for 5G millimeterwave(
mmWave) operations. To accomplish this, the optimization of antenna performance is meticulously carried out
using the Radial Basis FunctionNeuralNetworks (RBFNN) model. The RBFNNmodel serves as a robust tool for establishing
the intricate relationship between antenna dimensions, resonant frequency, and bandwidth. Subsequently,
the developed RBFNN model is employed to predict optimal antenna dimensions, ensuring resonance at 28 GHz and
meeting specified bandwidth targets. The single antenna is designed with a rectangular patch and a cross-shaped
slot and is constructed on the low loss Rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate. This design reaches an outstanding bandwidth
of 19.5 GHz, and exhibits excellent radiation characteristics, with a high radiation efficiency of up to 99% and a
corresponding gain of 5.75 dB. The antenna’s design and performance are rigorously designed using HFSS software,
which is then compared to the results acquired using CST software. In addition, the proposed MIMO configuration
offers excellent performance in terms of key features such as small size (16 × 16.2 mm2), very wide bandwidth of 20
GHz, good gain of 6.75 high isolation exceeding 35 dB, and significant improvements in diversity performance measures
such as Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG), Channel Capacity Loss (CCL), Total Active
Reflection Coefficient (TARC), and Mean Effective Gain (MEG). The potential of the proposed MIMO configuration
for high-speed applications is particularly remarkable. Practical verification of the MIMO configuration is carefully
carried out by fabrication andmeasurement. Experimental results strongly confirmthe effectiveness of the proposed
antenna design, establishing it as a competitive challenger for 5G technology.

A miniaturized passive wireless patch antenna sensor for structural crack sensing

This paper presents a miniaturized patch antenna sensor for structural crack sensing, and the patch antenna sensor can be interrogated wirelessly. The proposed patch antenna sensor can detect the expansion of structural crack through relative movement between antenna components, and the relationships between the antenna resonant frequency and the crack width were studied. By using Rogers RO3010 laminate with high dielectric constant as the dielectric substrate of the antenna, the size of the proposed antenna sensor is significantly reduced, and higher sensing sensitivity is achieved. Furthermore, the wireless interrogation methods of the patch antenna sensor were also studied. The resonant frequency of the patch antenna sensor was wirelessly interrogated using linearly polarized wide-band antennas. Compared with the previous patch antenna sensor, the overall area of the proposed antenna sensor has been reduced to 33.4%, and the miniaturized patch antenna sensor shows a sensing sensitivity of 116.1 MHz/mm, which is 2.6 times higher than the previous patch antenna sensor. A series of simulations and experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed patch antenna sensor for structural crack sensing and the effectiveness of wireless interrogation methods.

Bolt loosening detection method based on double-layer slotted circular patch antenna

An innovative bolt loosening detection method based on double-layer slotted circular patch antenna is proposed. By integrating the patch antenna with the bolt, the longitudinal length variation of the bolt can be transformed into a change in the air gap thickness of the antenna and cause the resonant frequency to vary. Thus, we can detect the bolt loosening through the resonant frequency shift of the double-layer circular patch antenna. Furthermore, the circular radiation patch of the antenna is slotted to increase the effective length of current flow, thus achieving the miniaturization of the antenna sensor for bolt loosening detection. The proposed double-layer slotted circular patch antenna sensor can be as small as a coin with a high sensing sensitivity of 626.57 MHz/mm, and it can be interrogated either wired or wirelessly. A series of simulations and experimental tests demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed antenna sensor for bolt loosening detection. The experimental results show that the relationship between the bolt preload and the antenna resonant frequency is relatively linear, and the resonant frequency of the antenna shifts 18 MHz for an M24 bolt from completely loosened to fully fastened.

Simultaneous crack and temperature sensing with passive patch antenna

This article presents a novel passive patch antenna sensor for simultaneous crack and temperature sensing, and the antenna sensor has the ability of temperature self-compensation. The passive patch antenna sensor consists of an underlying patch and an overlapping sub-patch. The off-center feeding activates resonant modes in both transverse and longitudinal directions. The resonant frequency shift in transverse direction is used for environmental temperature sensing, while the structural crack width can be sensed by the longitudinal resonant frequency shift after temperature compensation. Furthermore, the unstressed design of the antenna can also eliminate the issue of incomplete strain transfer ratios. In this article, the relationships between the antenna resonant frequencies, the environmental temperature, and the structural crack width were studied. Simulations were conducted to determine the optimal off-center fed distance of the patch antenna sensor. Furthermore, a series of experimental tests were also conducted, where the passive patch antenna was fabricated and installed on the concrete components as well as an actual building. Continuous monitoring was performed for several days to test the temperature sensing ability of the passive patch antenna, and the sensed crack width after temperature compensation was compared with the actual results. The results of these experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using the passive patch antenna for simultaneous temperature and crack sensing.

Substrate effect and structure optimization of fabric-based circularly polarized dipole antenna for radio frequency energy harvesting

Radio frequency energy harvesting on textiles is seen as a method of enabling sustainable battery-free operation for wearable devices, while few works have clarified the influence of fabric properties on antenna performance. To prepare successfully a fabric-based circularly polarized antenna for radio frequency energy harvesting, this paper will clarify the effect of key fabric characteristics (such as dielectric properties and fabric thickness) on antenna performance by a finite element simulation. The simulated results showed the antenna resonant frequency is inversely proportional to the half square of the fabric’s dielectric constant, and the antenna radiation efficiency and gain are inversely proportional to the square of its dielectric loss tangent and thickness. Then, for the typical fabric substrates, the structure parameters of the existing circularly polarized antenna are optimized to work in the expected working frequency band, and the dominating structure parameter of the antenna in performance was identified. The optimized antenna prototype has excellent performance. The antenna has a bandwidth of 350 MHz and a maximum transmission distance of 190 cm. The received signal strength indication per unit area is 2.35 mW/cm2 and the output voltage is 1.19 mV/cm2 at a distance of 100 cm. It is concluded that the flexible size-minimized wide bandwidth circularly polarized radio frequency energy harvesting antenna screen-printed on fabric was derived from a commercial circularly polarized antenna with fiber-reinforced epoxy plate (FR4) substrate, and the critical geometrical and material parameters of the fabric substrate for this antenna performance as well as the affecting mechanism were identified.

ISM Band 2.4 GHz Wearable Textile Antenna for Glucose Level Monitoring

Wearable technology has recently attracted much interest for various uses. An essential component of the wearable system is the wearable antenna. Textile and non-textile materials have both been used to create wearable antennas. Textile antennas are very useful and widely used nowadays, particularly in body-worn applications monitoring health parameters. Fabricated using microstrip technology, textile antennas have various benefits, including small size, lightweight, simple fabrication, and ease of wear. In this study, a microstrip antenna is created utilizing a substrate made of jeans. It works between 2.4 to 2.5 GHz in the ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) band. High-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software was used to simulate two antennas, one with an incomplete and the other with a complete ground plane. Wearable antennas can protect the body from the impacts of RF radiation by utilizing the entire ground plane principle. Results from a vector network analyzer were obtained for the fabricated antenna (VNA). This antenna's main function is to track blood glucose levels. Blood's dielectric characteristics change when blood sugar levels fluctuate, affecting the antenna’s output frequency. There are two ways to monitor glucose levels. One method requires placing a finger on an antenna patch, while the other involves fixing an antenna to a person's arm and detecting the output frequency fluctuation. The antenna's resonant frequency raises in reaction to increased blood glucose levels. Therefore, these textile antennas are a great choice for non-blood sample monitoring of blood glucose levels.

Design and Simulation of a Square Loop Antenna for 920 MHz

This study describes design and simulation of a loop antenna. A square loop antenna is designed for 920 MHz. The loop antenna is then modelled and simulated using 4NEC2 electromagnetic (EM) modeling software. 4NEC2 is a completely free numerical electromagnetic modeling code. It is based on method of moments technique to solve electromagnetic boundary value problem. The 4NEC2 simulation of the loop antenna design predicted antenna resonant frequency to be 920 MHz, Return Loss bandwidth of 130 MHz and input impedance of 50.14 -j0.30 Ohm. The antenna radiation pattern is then simulated at 920 MHz. The Return Loss, VSWR, Input Impedance and Radiation Pattern of the antenna predicated by 4NEC2 simulation are studied for the possible development of copper or aluminium tube based loop antenna.

A novel wireless oxygen gas sensor based on silver film loaded on a patch antenna

In this work, a patch antenna loaded with sensitive silver film was employed for the detection of oxygen gas at high concentrations. SEM micrographs demonstrate that the morphology of the Ag film presents an elevated degree of porosity, confirming that the film is suitable for adsorbing O2 gas molecules on its surface. Numerical simulation performed was validated, and the values of the far-field parameters showed that the investigated device works efficiently as an antenna. During the tests carried out, it was observed that the device responds sensitively to the presence of oxygen gas demonstrating shifts of the antenna resonant frequency to higher values as a function of the O2 concentration. The antenna sensitivity was calculated, presenting a value of 0.14 MHz/O2% for the frequency at 5.968 GHz, 0.23 MHz/O2% for frequency at 8.246 GHz, and 0.15 MHz/O2% for the frequency at 10.039 GHz. Results obtained indicate that the patch antenna tested could be used as a sensor of oxygen gas in environments with elevated concentrations of this gas, such as oxygen concentrators and other medical equipment. Because the device analyzed is an antenna, it would be possible transmitting the sensing information to another device which would make it a potential candidate for application in healthcare monitoring.

2.4 G HZ MINIATURISED RECTANGULAR MPA WITH DEFECTED GROUND AND PATCH

This study aimed to develop a miniaturised rectangular microstrip patch antenna with a resonance frequency of 2.4 GHz. In order to achieve this, an initial microstrip antenna's resonance frequency was shifted from 3 GHz to a lower frequency by employing a defective ground structure (DGS) with a triangular-shaped slot into the ground plane. Also Triangular ring slots used defect the patch to improve co- and cross-polarization separation. Finally, a successful downsizing of up to 28% along the length and 18% along the width of the patch is achieved compared to the traditional 2.4 GHz microstrip antenna. The findings of the experiments have been obtained using high-frequency structure simulator software (HFSS). The substrate used in this work is RT/ Duroid 5880, which has a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a thickness of 1.575 mm.

Optimization and Comparative Analysis of Quarter-Circular Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Particle Swarm and Fruit Fly Algorithms

This paper proposes a parametric study of modified rectangular microstrip antenna in the frequency range between 1.4-2.65 GHz for wireless communication applications, incorporating with optimization methods Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Fruit Fly Optimization (FOA). To design an antenna using optimization methods a fitness function of required parameters is needed. The resonance frequency of Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPAs) depends on various parameters and a standard frequency function does not exist for MPAs. In this study, a rectangular patch antenna is designed for the required resonance frequency and modified with circular quarter slots. The frequency-shift with the change of design variables, which are the substrate thickness and the radius of the slots, is observed. The resonance frequency is obtained as a function of the design variables and it is used in the optimization process to minimize the difference between the target frequency and the calculated one. The original algorithms FOA and PSO have been adapted for its application to a modified rectangular patch antenna design problem: resonance frequency and design of antenna. The design parameter values obtained via optimization and the performances of the optimization methods are presented. The results showed that both PSO and FOA find the dimensions correctly. It is also observed that the sensitivity of the FOA increases with the fruit fly population and the convergence gets faster. The outcomes of this paper show that the PSO algorithm gives better results when compared to the FOA for the proposed antenna.

Design and Minimization of Mutual Coupling Steered Array Lens Antenna for 5G Communication

Examining and evaluating the improved microstrip patch antenna to enhance the performance by the initial objectives are the main contribution of this paper. To achieve multiband operation, the patch's shape is first adjusted later microstrip patch with the slot presented. With the help of the Ansoft HFSS antenna simulator, functional analysis has been shown to examine the impact on antenna resonant frequency. A probe-driven microstrip patch antenna imprinted on FR4 epoxy substrate with 1.6mm thickness and a dielectric constant of 4.4 is developed in this work via the HFSS tool for wireless applications operating between 2 to 5GHz. To achieve multiband operation, the structure of the patch is varied. The impacts on antenna resonant frequency are examined through numerical simulations. The length, as well as the width of a traditional patch antenna, is initially computed, and further, an appropriate patch dimension of 28.3mm x 36.9mm has been determined. For multiband operation over the frequency ranging between 2 and 5GHz wireless applications, a probe-driven microstrip patch antenna imprinted on FR4 epoxy substrate with 1.6mm thickness and a dielectric constant of 4.4 is built via the HFSS tool. The proposed architecture of a traditional microstrip patch antenna is imprinted on an FR4 epoxy substrate with a 1.6mm thickness and a 4.4 dielectric constant. The proposed antenna design is illustrated for the 3D structure of the Mutual Coupling Steered Array-Lens Antenna System (MPA) with an improved patch. To achieve multiband operation, two slots are inserted on the edges of the patch, and both the slots are 2mm wide, as well as the depth of the slots is modified to see how it corresponds to the resonant frequency. This work is mainly concentrated on (i) Examining as well as evaluating the improved microstrip patch antenna to enhance its performance, (ii) Examining, evaluating, as well as assessing the performance of an improved split ring resonator metamaterial, and (iii) Exploring, analyzing, as well as evaluating the performance of dielectric lens base patch array antennas and (iv) Developing as well as analyzing the transmission line phase shifter. The groundwork for developing this work is being carried out, and a comparative study is made on (i) techniques for improving the antenna's performance through the application of a modified patch antenna, a Modified split ring resonator, a Dielectric lens structure, and Transmission line phase shifter.