Antenna For Automotive Applications Research Articles

A quad port dual band notch UWB MIMO antenna using hybrid decoupling structure

A four-port dual-band notch ultrawideband (UWB) multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) antenna for automotive applications is presented. Initially, a circular patch monopole antenna is designed and optimized by embedding a rectangular stub onto the radiator and lowering the ground plane to realize the UWB frequency spectrum. The dual-band frequency notch, from 4.6 to 5.9 and 6.8–8.8 GHz, is achieved using a half wavelength slot onto the feedline and a pair of H-shaped stubs across the feedline, respectively, to cover WLAN and complete x-band satellite communication. Further, the designed dual-band notch UWB antenna is transformed to a four-port MIMO antenna with interelement spacing much smaller than λ/4 (λ at 3.1 GHz) and a size of 0.46 × 0.41 × 0.01 λ3. Isolation improvement is achieved by a hybrid decoupling technique comprising a distinctive neutralization line (NL) and defected ground structure (DGS). The average isolation of the proposed design is better than 22 dB. Characteristic mode analysis of the proposed antenna is performed to analyze the specific significant mode and their contribution to the antenna radiation. The antenna design's diversity and time-domain properties are analyzed and found suitable for automotive applications. The antenna's electromagnetic interaction with the electrically large structure is studied by mounting the antenna onto an open-source automobile model, and the gain is determined to be more than 6.1 dB at the antenna's resonant frequencies.

A Novel Optically Transparent UWB Antenna for Automotive MIMO Communications

A novel optically transparent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for automotive applications is presented in this article. The MIMO antenna consists of a two-semicircular slot-loaded monopole with a staircase ground structure. It is developed on a glass substrate with dimension 29×50 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The fluorine-doped tin oxide and indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) are used as the conductive layers on the bottom and top of the substrate with sheet resistance 4 Ω/sq and 10 Ω/sq, respectively. The fabricated antenna has an optical transmittance greater than 72%; hence, it can be placed on the glass surface of the automotive. The measured results show that the proposed antenna exhibits a good impedance matching over a frequency of 2.4-11 GHz with isolation greater than 20 dB and a peak realized gain of 2 dBi, which is suitable for ultrawideband (UWB) automotive applications.

Low-profile tetra wire-patch antenna for automotive applications

A wire-patch antenna operating over the terrestrial trunked radio emergency and public safety standard is presented. It exploits the use of shorting wires to operate below its fundamental cavity resonance mode. Thanks to low-cost, low-profile, solidity, ease of fabrication, and dipole-like radiation pattern properties, it results to be particularly suitable for automotive applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1711–1714, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26895

An active tri-band (AMPS/PCS/GPS) antenna with enhanced cellular-to-GPS isolation for automotive applications

The design and performance of an active tri-band antenna for automotive applications that includes the global positioning system (GPS), analog mobile phone service (AMPS), and personal communication service (PCS) is presented. For automotive emergency applications, the close proximity of the GPS and cellular antenna elements demands stringent isolation requirements on the GPS low noise amplifier (LNA) design to prevent interference to GPS during cellular transmissions. The GPS low-noise amplifier designed in this letter exhibited a power gain of 26.4 dB, an out of band rejection in excess of 31 dB at +/-50 MHz around the center frequency, a noise figure of 1.5 dB, a 1dB power compression of 9.7 dBm, isolation over the AMPS band in excess of 62 dB, isolation over the PCS band in excess of 48 dB, an input 3rd order intercept of −6.5 dBm and an output 3rd order intercept of 20.6 dBm while operating at 5 volts with a current draw of 20mA. In addition, the antenna patterns measured on a ground plane are presented for the active GPS antenna, AMPS passive antenna and the PCS passive antenna. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26117

A Wideband Stick-On Connector for CPW-Fed On-Glass Antennas

Printed on-glass antennas for automotive applications are less conspicuous than traditional antennas mounted to the vehicle body and are protected from vandalism and other hazards. Efficiently coupling to these antennas at microwave frequencies with low-cost installation is a challenging task due to the small tolerance for position errors. In this letter, an efficient, compact stick-on transition from coaxial cable to coplanar waveguide (CPW) is presented that has less than 0.5 dB insertion loss from 0.9 to 2.4 GHz with a tolerance to location errors of at least 2 mm in any direction. The transition can be paired with any CPW-fed antenna.