Antecedents Of Attitudes Research Articles

Online Shopping: Antecedents of Attitude, Intention and Use

Consumer behavior in electronic commerce has been the theme of hundreds of studies conducted by researchers of many nationalities in the past twenty years. The purpose of this study was to review and classify the concepts used in papers published between 2003 and 2014 to explain the consumer behavior in electronic commerce. A systematic search of the literature in nine databases was performed and 136 papers published in double-blind peer reviewed journals were selected. Reference models were prepared based on a classification of the concepts found. This article reports only the concepts that displayed statistical significance in the studies analyzed. Finally, we suggest new studies that can be conducted.

Non‐deceptive counterfeit purchase behavior of luxury fashion products

AbstractThe luxury fashion industry suffers substantial losses due to non‐deceptive counterfeit purchase behavior. This study extends prior research on such behavior by investigating the factors influencing non‐deceptive counterfeit purchase behavior of luxury fashion goods in India, a country that scores high on collectivism and low on indulgence in regard to Hofestede's cultural dimensions. Specifically, (a) based on the extant literature as well as by (b) adding a novel variable, we theorize and empirically test a model that proposes a more comprehensive attitudinal construct specifically reflective of attitude to counterfeits by incorporating integrity, materialism, risk seeking, price–quality interface, smart shopper self‐perception, and subjective norms as antecedents of attitude towards counterfeit luxury products. Importantly, the paper investigates the mediating role of this comprehensive attitudinal construct in the relationship between intentions to purchase counterfeit and antecedents. The results offer novel theoretical insights that could be also advantageously employed by practitioners to restrain non‐deceptive counterfeit behavior.

“The Good, the Bad and the Ugly”? The influence of dark triad personality traits on formation of entrepreneurial intentions

This article examines the influence of the “dark triad” personality traits — narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy — on the development of entrepreneurial intentions through the prism of the theory of planned behavior. The theory explains entrepreneurial intentions formation trough emergence and development of the attitude towards entrepreneurship, relevant subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. These personality traits are considered in the study in their non-clinical manifestations. The proposed theoretical model has been tested on a sample of 191 students and graduates from 13 Russian universities. The empirical data were collected through an online survey. The analysis was carried out with OLS estimation. To assess the mediation effects, the PROCESS macro for the SPSS data analysis package was employed. The study identifies the key role of narcissism as an antecedent of intention to start one’s own business, while the main element of the theory of planned behavior mediating psychological effects is the attitude towards entrepreneurship. In addition, a negative relationship between psychopathy and subjective norms as well as perceived behavioral control has been established. With this study, we contribute to the theory of personality traits in the context of entrepreneurship and expand knowledge about the role of negatively perceived individual psychological characteristics in the entrepreneurial process. In addition, this work details the theory of planned behavior in terms of identifying possible antecedents of attitudes towards entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The results of this study can be used by entrepreneurship educators, especially in courses and trainings on the psychology of entrepreneurship.

Antecedents of Attitude towards Advertising of Controversial Products in Digital Media

The promotion of controversial products on digital media has become a challenge for marketers as consumers of different ethnicities and cultures access web media. Therefore, the study has examined the impact of advertising’s antecedents on consumers’ attitude and their effect on purchase intentions. The study has also considered the mediating roles of attitude towards purchase intentions. The population for this study comprises of adult female digital media users. We collected data from 400 female respondents via the online survey method. The results suggest that hedonic value, falsity, and materialism directly impact attitude towards the advertising of controversial products. Further, hedonic value and materialism also affect purchase intentions. We also found that advertising attitude mediates the relationship between hedonic value, falsity, materialism, and purchase intentions. The study’s empirical results will help design appropriate marketing strategies, especially in the context of controversial products. Future research may extend the model by incorporating other factors and testing their efficacy in different regions and cultures.

Antecedents of Attitude Toward Green Products and its Impact on Purchase Intention

The lack of information related to green consumption behaviour becomes an obstacle to both local and international markets in developing their marketing strategy to promote green products. Therefore, it is fundamental to recognize green behaviour of consumers through their purchase intention towards green products, considering that this trend is quite new for them. The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between three antecedents of attitude towards green products, namely, eco-label, environmental concern and peer pressure, as well as to analyse their influence to consumer’s purchase intention. In this study, the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) is used as theoretical research framework. This study investigates the green products, particularly on the ready to drink (RTD) beverage products in a paperboard package certified by Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). The data were collected from 386 respondents in Malang, Indonesia. The findings of this study signified that eco-label, environmental concern and peer pressure have a significant positive impact on the attitudes towards green products. Moreover, this attitude also has a positive impact on green products purchase intention.

Dimensions of Parental Involvement as Antecedents of Attitude towards Reading English (EFL): A Case Study from Omani Basic Education Schools, Cycle One (1-4)

The study examined the relationship between parental involvement and attitude towards reading English in the Sultanate of Oman. This study adopted the two-dimensional approach of parental involvement, using encouragement from parents and building positive modelling. The study involved cycle one student in Basic Education level specifically, in grade. The parents who participated were from Batinah South Governorate. They voluntarily completed the 24-items questionnaire regarding their involvement towards their children’s reading in English. A total number of 413 questionnaire were completed and analysed quantitatively using PLS-SEM. The major findings of the study revealed that both of the dimensions of parental involvement have positive effect on the students’ reading attitude. Specifically, the predictors of attitude towards reading indicated that Parental Encouragement ( = 0.48, = 0.463, < 0.01) is positively related to attitude towards reading; both explaining 78.6% of variance on attitude towards reading. This study extends the body of knowledge especially in the Middle East region (Sultanate of Oman) where the first language is Arabic. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this was the only study about reading in English particularly looking at the attitude towards reading in two dimensions manner and was the first of its kind among cycle one students in Basic Education level in the Sultanate of Oman.

Cognitive and Behavioral Factors of Online Discussion as Antecedents of Deliberation and Tolerance Evidence from South Korea, United Kingdom and United States

The current study examined cognitive and behavioral factors of online discussion as antecedents of attitudes toward opposing views and two aspects of social norms, perceived importance of public deliberation and social tolerance. Employing surveys in South Korea, United Kingdom and United States, this study found that adjustment motive and discussion heterogeneity are positively associated with perceived importance of public deliberation and social tolerance in all three countries. As compared to their American and British counterparts, Koreans tend to participate in an online discussion to strengthen their preexisting political views rather than to seek facts or to scan varied opinions surrounding those issues. Thus, in South Korea, polarization between groups having differing opinions on an issue could be more conspicuous among those who are frequently involved in the online discussion activities such as reading comments and posting their thoughts in the public sphere. Further implications from the results are discussed.

Antecedents and consequences of shoppers' attitude toward branded store-within-stores: An exploratory framework

Although branded store-within-stores are increasing in popularity in the retail environment, there has been limited systematic research on this phenomenon. This study develops and tests a theoretically grounded framework of the antecedents of shoppers' attitude toward store-within-stores and, subsequently, patronage intentions toward store-within-stores and the host retailer. Brand alignment, or the extent to which the brand featured in a store-within-store arrangement fits with the other brands carried by a host retailer, brand-related factors, and store-related factors are considered as antecedents of attitude toward the store-within-store. Based on the findings, implications are offered for academicians and practitioners. Future research directions for advancing knowledge on store-within-stores are also presented.

Support for women’s rights and feminist self-identification as antecedents of attitude toward femvertising

PurposeExisting research demonstrates that consumers prefer advertising that aligns with their values and beliefs but can also be distrustful of claims of corporate social responsibility. The purpose of this paper is to explore consumers’ perceptions of femvertising in relation to their worldview. Femvertising is defined as “advertising that employs pro-female talent, messages, and imagery to empower women and girls” (Skey, 2015).Design/methodology/approachA survey of US adults (n = 419) was used to investigate attitudes toward femvertising as they relate to gender, age, support for women’s rights, feminist self-identification, political affiliation and trust in advertising.FindingsStructural equation modeling revealed several antecedents and consequences of attitude toward femvertising. The findings suggest that women’s rights supporters and self-identifying feminists seem highly receptive of femvertising.Originality/valueTaken together, the findings clarify how femvertising can be an effective strategy for marketers and how it fits within the current advertising literature.

Utilization decision towards LMS for blended learning in distance education: Modeling the effects of personality factors in exclusivity

Over the decades, personality factors (attitude, self-efficacy, anxiety and computer experience) have pervaded the underpinning determinants of behavioural intentions to accept and use emerging technologies, chiefly in purviews where integration is into the working processes that may be pro traditional. The chasm in the literature has been how these technology personality factors extensively relate within and among themselves in a definite model exclusive to these factors, and their overall variance explained in usage intentions. In view of this, the study adopted a quantitative design and employed the questionnaire for data collection from 267 distance education tutors from a countrywide spread. Findings from structural equation modeling (SEM) technique revealed ‘technology attitude’ and ‘technology experience’ to be major predictors of usage intentions. The direct effects of technology anxiety and self-efficacy on behavioural intention were fully mediated by technology attitude. Non-linear relationships showed that technology self-efficacy, experience and anxiety were all antecedents of attitude towards LMS, while ‘technology experience’ alone determined ‘technology self-efficacy’. The Important-Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) revealed attitude as the most important and performing construct in determining behavioural intention. Technology attitude had technology related self-efficacy as its most important and performing construct determinant. The overall variance explained by the derived model was 35%. The study recommended that technology attitude and experience should be prioritized in LMS-related blended learning implementation in distance education. It further proposed that future studies include moderators on technology personality factors in determining usage intentions to further improve the model’s robustness.

ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS OF RESEARCH SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS

Recognising the importance of the commercialisation of university intellectual property, the entrepreneurial intentions (EI) of research scientists and engineers at universities and science councils in South Africa are investigated. The study of intentions in an academic context has been recognised because of the potential of entrepreneurship to ignite new research knowledge. Following hypothesis testing, the results show that the EI antecedents of attitudes towards behaviour, social norms, and perceived behavioural control need to be treated systematically. By integrating these factors into one cohesive framework, policy makers may better understand the complexity of the antecedents involved in enhancing EI.

Managers/Owners&amp;#8217; Innovativeness and Electronic Commerce Acceptance in Chilean SMEs: A Multi-Group Analysis Based on a Structural Equation Model

The aim of this paper is to study differences in the adoption of e-commerce associated with the level of managers/owners’ innovativeness. The background utilized to estimate the respondents’ favorable reception of e-commerce is a model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, which has been extended to include perceived drivers and obstacles as antecedents of attitude toward e-commerce acceptance. Small and medium enterprises in Chile participated in the study. A Partial Least Squares multi-group test was employed to note differences between groups. The main conclusions of the study are: (1) the level of managers/owners’ innovativeness differentiates between adopters and non-adopters of e-commerce of small and medium enterprises in Chile; (2) the Theory of Planned Behavior has been successfully used to explain the process of adoption of e-commerce among Chilean managers/owners; (3) there are significant relationships between both drivers and obstacles and attitude toward using e-commerce; (4) a strong and significant relationship exists between attitude and intention to use e-commerce. Results can be used by small and medium enterprises in developing countries to boost e-commerce adoption.

Consumer engagement with retail firms through social media: an empirical study in Chile

PurposeGiven the widespread popularity of social media such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, understanding consumer-brand engagement behavior within social media is fundamental for retail firms. Yet, little is known about how consumers engage with retail brands through social media. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap and extend previous research by examining factors that influence consumers’ attitudes and intentions to engage with retail brands through Facebook, and ultimately purchase products and services.Design/methodology/approachThis study draws on the theory of reasoned action and the technology acceptance model to develop a model of consumer-brand social media engagement and purchase intentions. Specifically, the model tests the influence of five antecedents of attitude on consumer intentions to engage with retail brands through the brands’ Facebook pages as well as intentions to make purchases through this social media. The hypotheses of the model are tested using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe findings provide an understanding of the main drivers of consumer-brand engagement that can lead to purchase intentions. Results show that consumers’ attitudes toward engaging with retail brands through Facebook are influenced by peer communication, compatibility and credibility, and that attitude has a strong influence on intentions toward this behavior. Furthermore, there is a strong relationship between intentions to engage and the likelihood of purchasing through a retail brand’s Facebook page.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is cross-sectional and was conducted at a particular point in time. Thus, results are not purported to make any inferences to causal relationships. Further, the measures of intentions to engage are attitudinal and not objective measures. Future longitudinal studies may help avoid this limitation by testing causal relationships.Practical implicationsThe study contributes to the important area of consumer engagement with retail brands through social media in ways that may lead to making purchases. Findings can provide retailers with reference points through which to engage their brands with consumers through their Facebook pages in ways that may lead to more direct returns on their investment in social media sites.Originality/valueRetailers are noticing the power of social media sites as a platform for engaging with consumers and extending this relationship to purchases. However, scant research has addressed this topic. The proposed model and findings of this study can extend prior research.

Patent Applying or Not Applying: What Factors Motivating Students’ Intention to Engage in Patent Activities

This study aimed to examine the roles of growth need strength and the perceived benefits of innovation as antecedent predictors of students’ intentions to participate in patent activities using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). This study compared three models that predicted business and management students’ intentions to perform patent activities. Results from structural equation modelling applied to undergraduate students supported that the effects of growth need strength and the perceived benefits of innovation influenced students’ intentions through a TPB model with the antecedents of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The research proposed model was superior to the other models and explained 74% of the variance in behavioral intentions to engage in patent activities. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Are attitudes toward peace and war the two sides of the same coin? Evidence to the contrary from a French validation of the Attitudes Toward Peace and War Scale.

Bizumic et al. (2013) have recently shown that attitudes towards peace and war reflect two distinct constructs rather than two poles of a single dimension. We present an attempt at validating the French version of their 16-item Attitudes toward Peace and War Scale (APWS) on five distinct (mainly Belgian) French-speaking samples (total N = 808). Confirmatory factor and criterion validity analyses confirmed that attitudes toward peace and war, although negatively related, are distinct in terms of their antecedents and consequences. On the one hand, antecedents of attitudes toward peace included egalitarian ideological beliefs and empathic concern for others, and consequences included intentions to engage in pro-peace behaviors. On the other hand, antecedents of attitudes toward war included national identification and authoritarian ideological beliefs, and consequences included intentions to engage in pro-war behaviors. Furthermore, both attitudes toward peace and war were, respectively, negatively and positively related to (a right-wing) political orientation. Unexpectedly however, attitudes toward war were positively related to nonegalitarian ideological beliefs and were not related to personal distress. Scores on the translated scale were unrelated to socially desirable responding. In terms of known-groups validity, men had, respectively, more and less positive attitudes toward war and peace than women. Finally, based on exploratory factor analyses, the inclusion of some items for the factorial structure of the measure is questioned and a shortened form of the measure is validated. Overall, these findings are in line with Bizumic et al. and suggest that attitudes toward peace and war also reflect two distinct constructs in a French-speaking population.

Colombian consumers’ outshopping of apparel in the U.S.

Outshopping is defined as purchasing goods outside of consumers’ trading areas. Despite threatening local economies, outshopping generates opportunities for the new trading areas in which it occurs. Studies on outshopping have reported contradictory results and academics suggest further research, especially in relation to consumers’ micro-level characteristics. Moreover, few studies have focused on the U.S. as the trading area and apparel as the traded product. Based on the theory of reasoned action, this quantitative study explores how attitudes toward international outshopping and subjective norm influence purchase intention of apparel goods among international outshoppers in the U.S. by focusing on four characteristics of international outshoppers – self-control in terms of spending, the desire for unique products, age, and gender – as antecedents of attitudes toward outshopping. Colombian consumers (South America) were chosen as respondents because market reports indicate that the U.S. is their top favorite international tourist destination. Findings suggest that more positive attitudes toward outshopping apparel in the U.S. were found among female consumers with higher self-control over their expenditures. Respondents were also influenced by the opinion of others; while age and desire for unique products were found non-significant. By understanding international outshoppers, marketers can develop unique market strategies for attracting global consumers.

Health and cosmetics: Investigating consumers’ values for buying organic personal care products

In investigating consumers’ intentions to re-purchase organic personal care products (PCP), this study extends the theory of planned behaviour by including perceived value dimensions as the antecedents of attitude in the model. The findings revealed that most of the hypothesised relationships linking the consumer perceived value constructs (namely, health, safety, hedonic and environmental) with attitude towards the rebuying of organic PCP, were supported. Also, better product knowledge about organic PCP would lead to more positive attitudes towards re-purchasing the product. In contrast, social value was not important in predicting attitude. Similarly, the influence of subjective norm on rebuying intention was not supported. In terms of ranking of importance with regards to prediction of re-purchasing intention, attitude was the most important predictor followed by perceived behavioural control, product knowledge, hedonic value, environmental value and safety value.

Self-congruity and flow as antecedents of attitude and loyalty towards a theme park brand

ABSTRACTBrand loyalty is believed to be a sustainable advantage for theme parks. Since theme parks represent a man-made environment purposefully built for specialized market segments, studying factors that lead to brand loyalty for theme park products is of strategic importance. These factors have yet to be identified in the current literature, however. Recognizing the potential influence of self-congruity and flow in the theme park consumption experience, and thus its influence on loyalty, the current study investigated the effect of these constructs on visitor attitude and loyalty towards a theme park brand. The results revealed that both self-congruity and flow are the antecedents of visitor attitude and brand loyalty. The theoretical contributions of this study, as well as managerial implications concerning image projection, branding strategy, and park experience design, are discussed.

Antecedents of attitudes towards and usage behavior of mobile banking amongst Generation Y students

Despite the benefits that mobile banking has to offer, coupled with positive mobile penetration rates, the use of mobile devices to perform banking transactions and access financial information is not as widespread as expected. The significantly sized Generation Y cohort is a rewarding market segment for retail banks. In South Africa, however, this cohort’s mobile banking adoption is largely under-researched. Understanding the antecedents that positively influence Generation Y students’ attitudes towards and usage behavior of mobile banking will assist retail banks in their efforts to tailor their business and marketing strategies effectively towards this cohort, and in doing so, foster increased acceptance of their mobile channels. As such, the purpose of this study was to extend the technology acceptance model (TAM) and determine the influence of perceived ease of use, relative advantage, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, perceived integrity and the perceived system quality of mobile banking on South African Generation Y students’ attitudes towards and usage behavior of mobile banking. Following a descriptive research design, self-administered questionnaires were completed by a non-probability convenience sample of 334 students registered at the campuses of three registered public South African universities located in the Gauteng province. Data analysis included correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. The findings suggest that while perceived ease of use, perceived integrity and the perceived system quality predict Generation Y students’ mobile banking usage behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and the perceived relative advantage of mobile banking predict attitudes towards mobile banking, which, in turn, predict their mobile banking usage behavior.

Country of origin effects in international marketing channels

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of the country-of-origin (COO) effect on overseas distributors’ behaviour in international marketing channels. Integrating the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the concepts of country-induced biases, the current study develops an empirically testable model that explains and predicts overseas distributors’ behaviour in international marketing channels.Design/methodology/approachHypotheses were tested using primary data stemmed from a survey of channel relationships between exporters and their overseas distributors. Data were collected from 103 distributors in the USA.FindingsEmpirical evidence shows that attitude towards foreign brands, social valuation of the origin of brands, and perceived behavioural control affect overseas distributors’ intention to place foreign brands. In addition, country-induced bias factors – buyer animosity and country-related affect to the origin of manufacture – are considered to be the antecedents of attitude towards foreign brands.Research limitations/implicationsBecause this study adopted a cross-sectional design, the limitations of this method can be applied to the study. In addition, because of the research context, the results of the present research may lack generalizability. This manuscript, however, integrated the TPB and the concepts of country-induced biases and addressed the calls for research on the COO effects on overseas distributors’ decision in international marketing channels.Practical implicationsThe manuscript suggests that to build positive attitudes towards foreign brands, a firm should focus on promotions through various media in international markets to lower animosity and the perceived risk to the origin of manufacture. In addition, firms with foreign brands need to identify and target a segment that feels comfortable about spending their resources on those brands. Finally, international marketers should focus on creating positive attitudes towards foreign brand goods and proper pricing strategies.Originality/valueThis manuscript fills the knowledge gap of the COO effect on organizational buyer behaviour in international marketing channels.