Antecedents Of Abuse Research Articles

The Role of Gender in Adolescent Dating Abuse: An Interpretive Meta-Synthesis of the Qualitative Literature.

The role of gender has received considerable attention in the academic literature on intimate partner violence (IPV). The Grand Challenges for Social Work take a gender-neutral approach, without regard to the influence of gender on adolescent development and dating relationships. This positioning is inconsistent with gender mainstreaming approaches that have been integrated into international framings of IPV. The purpose of this article is to conduct a qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis to investigate how gender is represented in research on adolescent dating abuse across qualitative literature (N = 17 articles). Results underscore that gender influences the impact of abuse, with female adolescents more likely to be fearful in relationships, at higher risk for damage to their social standing, and more likely to be blamed for the abuse. Gender-specific attitudes affect perceptions of the seriousness of abuse, antecedents of abuse, and rationales for perpetrating violence. Findings across the studies indicate that adolescents have internalized gender scripts. Therefore, strategies to prevent dating abuse need to be cognizant of the socializing role of gender and the myriad ways it influences adolescents' lived experiences. Therefore, the American Academy of Social Work and Social Welfare should consider revising the language of the existing challenges to mainstream gender.

Monotherapy with reboxetine in amphetamine withdrawal syndrome

Amphetamine withdrawal can induce a condition with the symptoms of major depression. We report the case of a 46-year-old woman with antecedents of abuse of amphetamines and amphetamine derivatives from age 16 to age 41, who in the 5 years since withdrawal presented recurrent depression resistant to treatment. She was treated with maximum doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and lithium, but there was no remission of symptoms. On being treated with reboxetine, a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, euthymia was achieved, without negative after effects. Several studies have shown that noradrenaline plays an important role in the modulation of the response to amphetamines. The findings in this case suggest that reboxetine may constitute an interesting alternative for the treatment of amphetamine withdrawal syndrome (AWS).

Developmental antecedents of partner abuse: a prospective-longitudinal study.

Prospective measures of risk factors for partner abuse were obtained from a large birth cohort in 4 domains: socioeconomic resources, family relations, educational achievements, and problem behaviors. Partner abuse outcomes were measured at age 21. Results showed that antecedents of abuse included risk factors from all 4 domains. Risk factors were similar for men and women. Some age 3 antecedents were significant, but the strongest correlations were from age 15. In multivariate analyses, the most consistent predictor was the presence of early problem behaviors. In a cross-validation tests, abuse was moderately predictable by the same antecedents, whether the outcome measure was self-report or reports from partners of sample members. Findings suggest that theories of partner abuse should account for developmental influences from multiple life domains and that primary prevention of partner abuse should begin in adolescence.

Alcohol abuse and its psychosocial correlates in sons of alcoholics as young men and in the general population of young men in Prague.

A sample of 107 sons of alcoholics aged 22-33 is compared to a representative sample of 1,274 Prague men of the same age range with respect to alcohol abuse and its psychosocial antecedents and correlates. Data sources were cumulative records of alcohol abuse in health care files and interviews. The estimated relative risk of alcohol abuse for sons of alcoholics versus other men is about 3.5 with both registration and self-report criteria if a broad definition of abuse is adopted. If, however, serious registered abuse and/or medical treatment of alcoholism at or before age 22 is the criterion of abuse, the estimated relative risk is about 10. In both compared samples, father's low education, discontinued family socialization and undisciplined behavior in childhood were antecedents of abuse registered at or before age 22. Self-reported abuse in the 6 months before interview had similar psychosocial correlates in both samples (heavily drinking friends, a positive attitude to heavy drinking, etc.). In both samples about 40% began to drink regularly at 17 or earlier. However, early start of drinking led very frequently to early registered abuse in sons of alcoholics whereas no such contingency was observed in the general male population.