Antalya Province Research Articles

ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW FOR RIVER TYPE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT: THE CASE OF KORKUTELI STREAM (ANTALYA)

Considering Türkiye's morphological structure and river beds, it can be seen that it has not yet reached its equilibrium profile. This profile is an ideal structure for installing hydroelectric power plants (HPP). After renewable energy sources, the most environmentally friendly energy source for the ecosystem is HPP. When determining the amount of water to be used in hydroelectric power plants, the amount of water required for the ecosystem that should be discharged to nature should be calculated. The amount of water needed for the ecosystem to maintain its current structure without change is defined as the environmental flow. In this study, the environmental impact and environmental flow of the Korkuteli Stream HPP Project located within the borders of the Korkuteli District of Antalya Province have been determined. Wetted perimeter, flow duration index (Q25, Q50, Q75, and Q95), and base flow methods have been used to determine the environmental flow of the Korkuteli Stream. In calculating environmental flow 44 years of discharges of the Salamur Strait flow observation station (FOS) on Korkuteli Stream have been used. As a result, the optimal environmental flow was calculated at 17% using the wetted perimeter method.

Bioarchaeological Assessment of Skeletal Remains from A Salvage Excavation in Antalya Province

Bioarchaeological Assessment of Skeletal Remains from A Salvage Excavation in Antalya Province

Investigation of the Knowledge Level of Hospital Managers About Strategic Management Tools and Their Use

Objectives: Effective and efficient implementation of all elements of strategic management is important for health organizations to achieve their future goals. This study aims to examine the knowledge levels of hospital managers about strategic management tools, their usage of these tools, and the priorities and needs in tool selection. Materials and Methods: The population of the study is the managers working in private hospitals in Antalya Province. 90 managers constitute the sample of the study. The data were collected by face-to-face questionnaire method. The questionnaire includes sociodemographic characteristics form and statements to measure the level of knowledge and use of strategic management tools. Mann Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied to examine the differences between groups, and Spearman Correlation Analysis was applied to examine the relationships between variables. SPSS.25 Package Program was used to analyze the data obtained. Statistical significance was accepted at 0.05 level. Results: 59% of the participants were female, 63% had a bachelor's degree, and the majority (41%) were middle managers. Those who did not receive managerial training and strategic management training were the majority (54% and 71%, respectively). When the knowledge level of the managers about strategic management tools was analyzed, mission and vision (98.9%) received the highest score, and value chain analysis (73.3%) received the lowest score. It was observed that the priorities of the administrators in the selection of strategic management tools were different between the groups according to gender, level of education, and type of school graduated from. In addition, statistically significant relationships were found between the priorities in the selection of strategic management tools and age, professional experience and years of working in the organization. Conclusion: Managers have limited knowledge and use of strategic management tools and there are differences in the selection of strategic management tools according to their sociodemographic status.

The Development of E-Commerce in Tourism Sector: A Case Study in Antalya Province Resort Hotels

The purpose of this study is to analyze the visible development of the trend and emerging e-commerce field in the tourism sector. The population of the study is made up of all the managers who are interested in the online sales channel at the 5-star Resort Hotels located in Antalya province in Türkiye. As a result of the research, the opinions of the managers are that hotels can increase their sales volumes by providing the opportunity to reach many audiences by using the e-commerce platforms they have created, reduce costs, and provide long-term opportunities by establishing closer relationships with guests.

Virus diseases limiting greenhouses and open field production of cucurbits in Antalya province

The Mediterranean region in Türkiye is noted for the production of cucurbits and other vegetables. As such, the aim of this study was to sample symptomatic cucurbits crops from open fields and greenhouses where there is active cultivation of these crops. Young shoot, leaves, and fruits exhibiting virus-like symptoms (yellowing, mosaic, necrotic) were collected. Out of 968 plant samples collected and tested through RT-PCR and PCR, 949 were discovered to be infected with several viruses. The identified virus diseases included ZYMV, WMV, PRSV, SqMV, CGMV, CYSDV, BPYV, CABYV, ToLCNDV and CMV. In terms of hosts exhibiting a high incidence of virus infections, cucumber (363 samples), squash (277 samples), melon (201 samples), and watermelon (108 samples) emerged as the top four hosts. Additionally, viruses with notable high incidences in the collected samples, as recorded through molecular testing in decreasing order included ZYMV at 28.1%, CYSDV at 15.5%, and WMV at 14.4%. Also, 90% of samples collected from open fields had single or multiple infection. In contrast, 26.4% of samples from greenhouses exhibited mosaic symptoms and 74.6% showed yellowing symptoms. Notably, MNSV and BPYV, were detected in these samples. The samples also exhibiting mixed infections predominantly displayed mosaic symptoms, including mixed infections such as ZYMV with WMV, ZYMV with CMV, CMV with WMV, and CMV with PRSV. In contrast, samples obtained from open fields showed a higher prevalence of yellowing symptoms, such as ToLCNDV with CMV, ToLCNDV with ZYMV, ZYMV with CMV with CYSDV, and ZYMV with CMV with CVYV.

The Relationship Between Post-Traumatic Stress, Hopelessness and Resources Adequacy in Fire Disaster Survivors: A Mediation Analysis

AbstractThis study explores the psychosocial aftermath of the fire disaster by focusing on the levels of post-traumatic stress, hopelessness and perception of adequacy of resources of the affected population in the Manavgat district of Antalya province. The data of this study, which is a descriptive correlational research, were collected between 01 March-31 May 2022. The Information form, Impact of Events Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale and Perception of Adequacy of Resource Scale were used as the data collection tools. A total of 245 individuals, predominantly farmers and with a low-income status, participated in the study. Field data revealed a high level post-traumatic stress (39.56 ± 15.71), moderate hopelessness (10.53 ± 6.83), and moderate perception of adequacy of resources (104.17 ± 32.15) among the participants. Another important finding of the study is; sociodemographic variables were significantly associated with the impact of events, hopelessness, and perception of adequacy of resources. Being female, low education and income level, being farmer, having heavily damaged house and living in a prefabricated house emerged as risk factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The results demonstrated a strong correlation between hopelessness, perception of adequacy of resources and post-traumatic stress. Hopelessness partially mediated the relationship between adequacy of resources and post-traumatic stress. The massive physical, economic and social losses caused by wildfire have led to persistent psychosocial problems among the affected population. The findings highlight the importance of assessing losses related to socioeconomic status and applying risk management accordingly. The data obtained in this study can shed light on the determination of risky groups after fire disaster, psychosocial interventions to be applied and the duration of interventions.

Determination of soil fertility status of orange grown gardens in Manavgat district of Antalya province

Determination of soil fertility status of orange grown gardens in Manavgat district of Antalya province

Comprehensive study of Nepeta phyllochlamys: morphological, micromorphological, molecular, and antioxidant analyses

This research encompasses a comprehensive study of Nepeta phyllochlamys, an endemic species around the Antalya province of Turkey. Morphological investigations revealed decumbent stems with dense tomentose or villous hairs, triangular-ovate or deltoid leaves covered in velutinous and tomentose hairs, and pinkish-yellow corollas. Micromorphological examinations using scanning electron microscopy unveiled intricate surface characteristics. Molecular analysis demonstrated 96% similarity with Nepeta cataria and established phylogenetic relationships. Biological activity investigations focused on antioxidant properties. The 70% ethyl alcohol extract exhibited notable antioxidant activity (IC50: 0.32 ± 0.025 mg/mL), albeit weaker than gallic acid. The total phenolic content assessment showed the highest in ethyl alcohol extract (88.8 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g extract) and the lowest in ethyl acetate extract (29.4 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g extract). These findings highlighted N. phyllochlamys’ morphological, micromorphological, molecular, and biological aspects, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of this species.

Prediction of present and future distribution areas of Juniperus drupacea Labill and determination of ethnobotany properties in Antalya Province, Türkiye.

Ethnobotanical studies revealed the experience and knowledge of people who learned the therapeutic virtues of plants through trials and errors and transferred their knowledge to the next generations. This study determined the ethnobotanical use of Juniperus drupacea (Andiz) in the Antalya province and the current and future potential distribution areas of J. drupacea in Türkiye during 2041-2060 and 2081-2100 according to the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios and based on the IPSL-CM6A-LR climate change model. The very suitable areas encompassed 22379.7 km2. However, when the SSP2-4.5 scenario was considered, the areas most suitable for J. drupacea comprised 6215.892 km2 for 2041-2060 and 378.318 km2 for 2081-2100. Based on the SSP5-8.5 scenario, the area most suitable for J. drupacea was 979.082 km2 for 2041-2060. However, no suitable areas were identified with the SSP5-8.5 scenario for 2081-2100. Considering the models for the future estimated distribution areas of J. drupacea, serious contractions endangering the species are predicted in its distribution areas. Therefore, scientific research should focus on identifying J. drupacea populations and genotypes that demonstrate resilience to future drought conditions resulting from climate change. This endeavor is crucial as it holds significant ecological and economic values.

Adaptive Traffic Management Model for Signalised Intersections

As population increases, one of the factors affecting life is traffic. Efficient traffic management has a direct positive impact on issues such as time, carbon dioxide emissions, and fuel consumption. Today, an important parameter under the heading of traffic is the signalling systems for intersections, which are operated with fixed-time, semi-actuated, fully actuated, and fully adaptive control methods. In this study, an adaptive traffic management model is developed for signalised intersections. The adaptive traffic management model developed includes phase extension with minimum and maximum time intervals dependent on density and phase skip features. Additionally, the most distinctive feature of the model is its flexible phase structure rather than a sequential phase. The Heybe intersection, located within the boundaries of Antalya province, is modelled one-to-one in the simulation of urban mobility (SUMO) simulation programme with real intersection data. The developed adaptive traffic management model is applied to the Heybe intersection, and the effects of the model are revealed. Improvements obtained from the SUMO simulation programme were verified through visual inspection, and high-accuracy results were determined. As a result of the studies, it was found that the application of the adaptive traffic management model developed at Heybe intersection, which has approximately 50,000 vehicles passing daily, resulted in a 27.2 % improvement in the average delay per vehicle parameter, a 32.4 % improvement in the average waiting time per vehicle parameter, and a 16.7 % improvement in the average speed per vehicle parameter.

The Effect of Intelligence Games on Primary School 4th Grade Students' Mental Skill Levels

This research was aimed to analyze the effects of intelligence games on the mental skill levels of fourth grade students. The research was carried out in a public school located in Manavgat district of Antalya province. The study group of the research consists of 40 volunteer students (20 in the experimental group, 20 in the control group) studying in two different branches of the 4th grades in the spring term of the 2021-2022 academic year. The research was designed in the form of a pre-test and post-test control group and the quantitative data of the research were collected through the 'Mental Skill Assessment Test' developed by Marangoz (2018). The experimental group was given a total of 16 hours of intelligence games training for eight weeks, two lessons per week (80 minutes). In the research, a valid and reliable ready-made test developed by Marangoz (2018) (Mental Skill Assessment Test) was used to evaluate students' mental skill levels (concentration of attention, strategic thinking, analysing, part-whole relationship, visual perception and use of clues). This test was applied to the experimental and control groups as a pre-test and post-test. The Normality Test was conducted to investigate the normal distribution of the data as a result of the research. In the research, 6 different intelligence games were used for eight weeks. In order to examine the relationship between the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental and control groups before the application, the dependent sample t-test was performed. In the research, it was observed that there was a significant increase in the mental skills of the experimental group students, who were played 6 different intelligence games for eight weeks. According to the results of the research, we can say that intelligence games improve the mental skills levels of students.

Potential ecological and human health risk assessments of soil heavy metals in orchards of Antalya province in Türkiye

ABSTRACT Agricultural inputs containing heavy metals are used intensively in Türkiye. However, studies on the assessment of the effects of heavy metals on the environmental and human health risks of agricultural areas in Türkiye are very limited. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations, sources and potential ecological and human health risks of heavy metals in soils from orchards in Antalya, Türkiye. A total of 127 soil samples were collected and analysed for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). The mean concentrations of total Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Co, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were found to be 4.54, 64.68, 145.80, 94.00, 23.92, 28264, 763.30, 44.91, and 63.67 mg kg−1, respectively. The mean concentrations of Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, Cu and Mn of soils were higher than the European soil mean values. Enrichment factor (EF) and contamination factor (CF) values of soils indicate serious enrichment for Cd, Pb and Ni. According to the principal component analysis, Cd concentration in the soil from was anthropogenic sources, Ni, Cr and Pb from both anthropogenic and lithogenic origin while other heavy metals from natural sources. Total hazard index (THI) values of heavy metals were <1, suggesting that there were currently absent non-carcinogenic health risks to residents through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. Hazard index (HI) indicated that children (3.75) were sensitive 9.4 times more than adults (0.40) to non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals. The carcinogenic risk values of Cd, Cr, Co and Ni were acceptable range and not expected carcinogenic risks.

The Impact of Environmental Awareness on Green Product and Green Accommodation Purchasing Behavior: A Study on Domestic Tourists Visiting Antalya Province

The Impact of Environmental Awareness on Green Product and Green Accommodation Purchasing Behavior: A Study on Domestic Tourists Visiting Antalya Province

Allium ahmet-tirasii (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from Southern Anatolia (Türkiye)

Allium ahmet-tirasii Yıldırım (Amaryllidaceae) is described as a new species from Alanya district in Antalya province, southern Türkiye. Diagnostic characteristics, a full description, and comprehensive illustrations are provided. Based on morphological features, it belongs to the Allium subgen. Polyprason sect. Scorodon. Allium ahmet-tirasii has no closely related species. It slightly resembles A. sivasicum, by the pale brownish-orange inner tunic and greenish-yellow perigone and A. opacum, by perigone size and color also style length. However, it is easily distinguished from both A. sivasicum and A. opacum by many other morphological characters and its habitat. It is characterized by 1–2 equal bulblets; spathe one or sometimes 2-valved, if with 2-valved, valves unilateral; filaments equal or slightly shorter than tepals; style 1.5–2 mm long before fertilization shorter than perigone.

New sporadic nesting sites of Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta caretta) on the western Antalya coast, Türkiye

Greece and Türkiye hold the most important nesting populations of marine turtles in the Mediterranean. In Turkey, the nesting population encompasses 21 beaches across the Aegean and Mediterranean regions, with 15 identified as crucial nesting sites for Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta caretta). However, sporadic nesting also occurs beyond these beaches. To evaluate the significance of these sporadic nests for the overall population, a comprehensive survey was conducted along a 200 km coastline in the western Antalya province over two years. This effort led to the identification of three sporadic nesting sites. A total of 112 adult female Loggerhead Turtle emergences were recorded on these beaches, resulting in 54 instances of egg-laying. Although sporadic nesting is estimated to contribute only 1-2% to Türkiye’s total nests annually, these nesting areas serve as crucial reservoirs of turtles, vital for adapting to changing environmental conditions. The discovery of these sporadic nesting sites is credited to enhanced monitoring and conservation endeavors in Türkiye.

Comparison of diverse machine learning algorithms for forest fire susceptibility mapping in Antalya, Türkiye

Antalya is one of the provinces with the highest number of forest fires in Türkiye. In 2021, 278 forest fires occurred within the administrative boundaries of Antalya Regional Directorate of Forestry. The main objective of this study is to produce forest fire susceptibility (FFS) maps of Antalya province using machine learning (ML) models. In addition to forest fire inventory data, 16 factors, including topographic, environmental, meteorological, and human-driven, were used in the study. Inventory data included 2166 fire ignition points from the General Directorate of Forestry. 70 % of the inventory dataset was used to train the ML models and 30 % to validate the models. Overall accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) approaches were considered as validation metrics. FFS maps of Antalya were produced using stand-alone ML algorithms, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Support Vector Machines, as well as tree-based Conditional Inference Trees (CTREE), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using the CTREE algorithm for forest fire susceptibility mapping. Therefore, this study is important for the related literature. The validation results revealed that the XGBoost model outperformed other models. It is thought that the FFS map produced using the XGBoost model will guide forest engineers, wildland firefighting teams, and firefighters to minimize damage and control forest fires.

Variability of Isoquinoline Alkaloid Profiles and Anticholinesterase Activities with Binding-Mode Predictions of Glaucium flavum Population.

In this study, phytochemical and biological activity studies supported by docking were carried out on a species of the genus Glaucium, a repository of isoquinoline alkaloids. The GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) method is used to characterize the isoquinoline alkaloids of Glaucium flavum Crantz. (Papaveraceae). G. flavum was collected from seven different regions of Türkiye (Antalya, Urla-Izmir, Mordogan-Izmir, Mugla, Assos-Canakkale, Karabiga-Canakkale, Giresun) and totally 17 compounds were detected by GC-MS. Glaucine was found to be the major constituent in the sample collected from Mugla, whereas isocorydine was recorded to be the principal alkaloid in other samples. Further fractionation studies on G. flavum collected from Antalya province in Southwestern Türkiye, yielded five major alkaloids (isocorydine 1, dihydrosanguinarine 2, glaucine 3, dehydroglaucine 4, protopine 5) which were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Anticholinesterase activities of the extracts and isolated alkaloids were also tested by in vitro Ellman method. The isolated compounds were also analyzed by a molecular docking technique to determine the binding orientations in the gorge of the active site of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and a homology model of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). This is the first comparative investigation of the phytochemical composition and biodiversity of Glaucium flavum species growing in Türkiye.

FIRE WEATHER INDEX AND FOREST FIRE DANGER MAPPING: INSIGHTS FROM A CASE STUDY IN ANTALYA - MANAVGAT FOREST, TURKIYE

Abstract. Forest fires in Türkiye, like in other regions, have detrimental effects on wildlife habitats, water quality, air pollution, climate change, and the economy. These fires become particularly concerning during the dry summer months. In 2021, forest fires affected over 150 thousand hectares of land across the country, with the Manavgat district in Antalya province alone witnessing the burning of approximately 60 thousand hectares of forest area. This study aims to assess the applicability and suitability of Fire Weather Index (FWI) data derived from meteorological station data in the Antalya region, as well as EFFIS FWI data generated using satellite-based meteorological information, for fire danger mapping during the Manavgat forest fire that occurred between 28 July and 6 August 2021. Additionally, correlation analyses were performed between the two FWI datasets and other relevant variables, including the difference in Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR), the difference in Land Surface Temperature (dLST), and Fire Radiative Power (FRP) data detected from MODIS and VIIRS satellites. The results of the correlation analysis indicated that the FWI values obtained using in-situ meteorology station data showed much higher correlations than FWI values obtained from EFFIS, with the highest correlation (73%) observed with dLST data. Consequently, the fire danger map was created using the in-situ meteorological data, given its stronger correlation. The results prominently revealed a widespread high-risk level across the entire Antalya province, with the Manavgat district classified into the "Extreme" and "Very Extreme" FWI classes, emphasizing the critical importance of utilizing in-situ meteorological data for precise fire danger assessments and proactive fire management strategies.

Development of Halal Tourism in the World and in Turkey: SWOT Analysis of Antalya Province

The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the development of halal tourism in the world and Turkey. The sub-purpose of the research is to investigate the current halal tourism potential of Antalya province and to evaluate it using swot (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis. The study is important in terms of determining the factors affecting the development of halal tourism through swot analysis in the context of the opinions of academics and managers who are associated with tourism and identifying the factors that must be considered in developing new strategies and making decisions related to halal tourism. The sample consists of the managers of 11 hotels that provide services in compliance with the "Halal Concept" and the academics who work at tourism faculties of universities in Antalya. The data were collected through a questionnaire administered to a total of 125 people, including 74 managers and 51 academics. SPSS and SAS version 9.4 were used for the statistical analysis of the data obtained in the study. According to the findings, opportunities affecting the development of halal tourism in Antalya can be listed as the state’s increasing interest in halal tourism and inclusion of halal tourism in the 2023 strategy, tourists’ easy access to halal certified products, Turkey’s being a Muslim country and Muslims’ preference for Turkey for their vacation with the increasing Islamophobia in the West, qualified and experienced employees and managers in the field of tourism; the strengths can be listed as socio-cultural-geographical proximity to Islamic countries, Antalya’s developed transportation infrastructure, and Antalya’s brand value, and its being a well-known and reliable destination. The threats include the increased interest of non-Muslim countries in this field as well as Muslim destinations, insufficient number of halal concept hotels in the city, and the likelihood of the Russian and German markets being affected by Muslim tourists; weaknesses can be addressed as the lack of direct flights from Arab countries to Antalya in winter, the lack of investors investing in halal tourism, and the lack of education on halal tourism in universities and vocational schools.

Bunium serdengectii (Apiaceae), a new species from South Anatolia, Turkey

A new species, Bunium serdengectii (Apiaceae), is described from South Anatolia, Turkey. It grows in open Pinus brutia forests and in macchia formation of the Taurus Mountains in the district of Akseki (Antalya province). The taxonomic affinities of the new species were determined by analyzing morphological data and a molecular phylogenetic study of nrITS. Bunium serdengectii belongs to the section Elegantia, and is related to B. pinnatifolium, but morphologically is more related to B. sayae. The anatomical structure of the fruit is given in detail. The diagnostic morphological characters of B. serdengectii are discussed. In addition, the geographical distribution of the new species and the morphologically related species is mapped.