Comprehensive study of Nepeta phyllochlamys: morphological, micromorphological, molecular, and antioxidant analyses

Abstract

This research encompasses a comprehensive study of Nepeta phyllochlamys, an endemic species around the Antalya province of Turkey. Morphological investigations revealed decumbent stems with dense tomentose or villous hairs, triangular-ovate or deltoid leaves covered in velutinous and tomentose hairs, and pinkish-yellow corollas. Micromorphological examinations using scanning electron microscopy unveiled intricate surface characteristics. Molecular analysis demonstrated 96% similarity with Nepeta cataria and established phylogenetic relationships. Biological activity investigations focused on antioxidant properties. The 70% ethyl alcohol extract exhibited notable antioxidant activity (IC50: 0.32 ± 0.025 mg/mL), albeit weaker than gallic acid. The total phenolic content assessment showed the highest in ethyl alcohol extract (88.8 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g extract) and the lowest in ethyl acetate extract (29.4 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g extract). These findings highlighted N. phyllochlamys’ morphological, micromorphological, molecular, and biological aspects, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of this species.