Gulf Of Antalya Research Articles

Occurrence of the exotic shell-bearing Bulla ampulla, Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Gulf of Antalya

Bulla ampulla, belonging to Bullidae family, is a marine gastropod species with bulb. Members of Bullidae family are distributed in tropical and temperate waters. It is usually found in habitats of sand, mud, gravel, gren algae and sea bottoms, at intertidal flats, on tide-pond sand at depths of up to 70 m. For another scientific study conducted at Konyaaltı beach (36.883522° N, 30.678739° E), while doing scuba diving at a depth of 15 m; Pinctada radiata, Venus verricosa, Chama pacifica shells and two Bulla ampulla shells were found near the octopus nest. Shell of our species was measured as H:53,61 and 46,23mm, color; Brown greenish with two dark bands and shell elongate. The biodiversity of the exotic species of the Gulf of Antalya has slightly increased with the presence of this species.

Parupeneus forsskali (Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1976)’nin Kuzey Kıbrıs ve Antalya Körfezi’nden İlk Kaydı ve Dağılımı

On 26 July 2017, 7 specimens of Parupeneus forsskali were caught at a depth 18 m in North Cyprus and a single specimen was caught at a depth 11 m, by trammel net, around pipeline charge system of marine aquarium in the gulf of Antalya, Turkey. Reports from different locations are pointed that the population of P. forsskali may be established in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.In recent years, as a result of the effect of global warming on the Mediterranean Sea, the temperature of the water increased. Introduction of new fish species is continuously change the composition of the fish fauna of the Mediterranean Sea (Turan and Ergüden, 2013). Up to recent years, there were known only 5 Mullidea family members (Upeneus pori (Por's goatfish) Ben-Tuvia and Golani, 1989, Upeneus moluccensis (Goldband goatfish) Bleeker, 1855, Mullus barbatus barbatus (Red mullet) Linnaeus, 1758, Mullus surmuletus (Surmullet) Linnaeus, 1758, Pseudupeneus prayensis (Cuvier, 1829) in the Mediterranean Sea (Bariche et al., 2013). By introducing Parupeneus forsskali (red Sea goatfish) Fourmanoir and Guézé, 1976 this number was increased to five.

Determination of amino acid and fatty acid composition of goldband goatfish [Upeneus moluccensis (Bleeker, 1855)] fishing from the Gulf of Antalya (Turkey)

In this study, we aimed to determine the basic food components, fatty acids and amino acids, and variations in these components with months in goldband goatfish (Upeneus moluccensis) that fishing from Gulf of Antalya. As a result of the analyzes, the crude fat values were determined between 1.43 and 3.78%, and the crude protein values were determined between 20.79 and 22.16%. The most abundant fatty acids were determined: palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1c9), oleic acid (C18:1c9), linoleic acid (C18:2n-6), eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n-3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-6), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3). The most abundant amino acids were determined lysine and leucine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, and glycine. The differentiations of essential nutrient components, fatty acids, and amino acids were found generally significant (P < 0.05).

Westward Extension of the Lionfish Pterois volitans Linnaeus, 1758 along the Mediterranean Coast of Turkey

One red lionfish (Pterois volitans) was caught in the Gulf of Antalya on October 15th 2016. The present study, seconf record of P. volitans was reported in the coast of the Antalya Bay, Turkey. Our study shows that P. volitans westward extension along to Turkey Mediterranean coasts.

Ecological distribution of demersal fish species in space and time on the shelf of Antalya Gulf, Turkey

This study provides baseline data on demersal fish assemblages in a heterogeneous but little-studied portion of the shelf of Antalya Gulf. The distribution of fish abundances along three transects subject to different fishing regulations, at depths of 10, 25, 75, 125 and 200 m, was studied between May 2014 and February 2015 in the winter, spring, summer and autumn months. A total of 147 species belonging to 69 families were sampled. Lessepsian migrants from the Indo-Pacific region made up about a quarter of all species collected and some of them were found to greatly influence community structure. The spatial distribution of fish species was driven mainly by bathymetric gradient and two main assemblages were observed: shallow waters (10–25 m) and deep waters (75–125 m; 125–200 m). Significant differences in community structure were found with regard to all the main variables: depth, transect, season and their interactions. Environmental variables measured concurrently with trawling were tested for correlation with fish abundances by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The results showed that the distribution of all species depends first on water depth and second on bottom type. The possible effects of fishing restrictions in the eastern part of the study area on assemblages are also discussed. In general, the spatial distribution and ecological processes of the fish community seem to depend on small variations in local environmental characteristics.

First Record of Janthina globosa Swainson, 1822 (Mollusca, Gastropoda) and Prostheceraeus giesbrechtii Lang, 1884 (Platyhelminthes) in the Gulf of Antalya

During the survey study, a holo-planktonic gastropod species Janthina globosa Swainson, 1822 was captured for the first time during trawl shootings at 20-30 m depths from the Gulf of Antalya on 24th June 2015. On 15th July 2015, during the underwater diving, a colourful flatworm Prostheceraeus giesbrechtii was observed at the hard substratum depths of 5-7 m near the old Harbour (Antalya) (36o 35’ 5,15’’N; 30o 42’ 1,45’’E). The flatworm was taken to laboratory and photographed. Its length was approximately 2-3 cm and 1-1.5 mm thick. This species is the first record for the Gulf of Antalya, the North-eastern Mediterranean part of Turkey.

Size selectivity of sorting grid for eight fish species in the Gulf of Antalya, Northeastern Mediterranean Sea

Selectivity of sorting grid for eight fish species were studied under commercial conditions in the trawl fishery of Antalya Bay, in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Trawling’s were operated from October to December 2012, using a traditional bottom trawl net. The fish totally retained in upper codend (catchees), and bottom codend (escapes) were used to estimate the selectivity parameters. Selectivity data analyzed as covered codend method by means of a logit function of Maximum Likelihood Method. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied in order to determine the difference between size groups of escapes and catchees codends. Fifty percent retention lengths ( L 50 ) of Spicara flexuosa (Picarel), Boops boops (Bogue), Mullus surmuletus (Surmullet), Mullus barbatus barbatus (Red mullet), Upeneus moluccensis (Goldband goatfish), Trachurus mediterraneus (Mediterranean horse mackerel) Trachurus picturatus (blue jack mackerel) and Saurida undosquamis (Brushtooth lizardfish) were calculated as 13.31; 13.47; 15.58; 12.07; 13.52; 18.49; 17.81 and 20.3cm, respectively. Results showed that sorting grid installed trawl nets provided high selectivity for all fish species

New records of deep-sea decapod crustaceans in the Turkish Mediterranean Sea (North Levant Sea)

A survey of the bathyal trawling grounds in the Gulf of Antalya (Turkish Mediterranean Sea) yielded 34 species of decapod crustaceans. Four species (Funchalia villosa, Plesionika acanthonotus, P. gigliolii, Monodaeus couchii) are recorded for the first time from the Levant Sea. The number of marine decapod species reported for Turkey rises to 265 and the number reported from the Turkish Mediterranean Sea to 211.

The October 2011 devastating flash flood event of Antalya: triggering mechanisms and quantitative precipitation forecasting

The Gulf of Antalya was affected by very heavy precipitation (238 mm in 6 h) that resulted in a devastating flash flood on 9 October 2011. Analysis of numerical model products, based on diagnostics and comparison with conventional and remote‐sensing observations, indicates that the remarkable amount of accumulated precipitation was strongly modulated by mesoscale effects induced on the synoptic‐scale flow. There was a sustained co‐alignment of an upper‐tropospheric tongue of high potential vorticity (PV) over a pre‐existing low‐level baroclinic region. Thermal advection by the low‐level circulation at 925 hPa formed a warm equivalent potential temperature (EPT) anomaly ahead of the PV‐streamer, enhancing the effects of pre‐existing warm‐moist advection. Interaction between the PV‐streamer and thermodynamic processes at low levels set the scene for an enhanced dynamical feedback from the warm low‐level anomaly to upper levels, and the tighter coupling led to further reinforcement of low‐level warm‐moist advection. A southwesterly low‐level jet (LLJ) with high EPT transported conditionally unstable and moist air from the relatively warm Mediterranean Sea, and the sustained northeastward moisture flux was directed toward the concave segment of the Taurus Mountains.Quantitative precipitation forecasting (QPF) of the phenomenon is explored using the recently developed mesoscale ensemble prediction system – which is constructed by combining the Weather Research and Forecasting model with various ensemble approaches. QPF studies give the timing, location and amount reasonably well 72 h in advance. Sensitivity experiments have been carried out to explore the mesoscale aspects of the precipitating structures and their dependence on orography, surface (sensible and latent heat) fluxes and latent heating due to convection.

OSTRACODS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (THE GULF OF ANTALYA ) AND THE AEGEAN SEA (AYVALIK AND KUŞADASI) AND THEIR BIOGEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIONS

The aim of this study is taxonomic investigation and environmental distribution of ostracoda association from the deep sediments of the Mediterranean (The Gulf of Antalya) and Aegean Sea (Alibey and Maden islands/ Ayvalik and Kusadasi) and identification of species surviving up to present. Twenty genera and 26 species are determined by examining the ostracoda contents of the 197 samples from the deep sediments from 5 to 30 m depth in the Antalya Bay (Mediterranean). 24 genera and 34 species in 84 samples belonging to 4 cores around Alibey and Maden islands to the north of Ayvalik in Aegean Sea have been determined. Also, 23 genera and 29 species from the 45 samples at the depth of 8,5-22.3 m around Kusadasi have been determined. According to carapace morphology and depth of water, shallow marine group genera are belonging to subfamilies Trachyleberidae and Hemicytheridae which have well-developed hinge, branching marginal-pore canals, clear eye-spots and more ornamentation, are relatively abundant specimens. The ostracoda association defined in this study is correlated with previous studies in Mediterranean, Aegean islands, Adriatic Sea, Algeria, Aegean and Marmara Sea of Turkey. The well-known ostracoda species such as Aurila convexa, Jugosocythereis prava, Carinocythereis antiquata, Carinocythereis carinata, Costa batei, Semicytherura inversa, Loxoconcha rhomboidea, Sahnia fasciata, Cushmanidea elongata from Atlantic and Mediterranean and Neonesidea formosa, Triebelina raripila, Cytherella (Cytherelloidea) beckmanni, Cytherelloidea sordida, Aurila arborescens, Carinocythereis rhombica, Hiltermannicythere rubra, Hiltermannicythere turbida, Cytheretta adriatica, Cytheretta judaea, Callistocythere intricatoides, Urocythereis crenulosa, Acanthocythereis hystrix, Paracytheridea depressa, Xestoleberis communis, Xestoleberis dispar and Pontocypris acuminata from in Mediterranean are wide-spread.

Length-weight relationship of Hyporthodus haifensis and Mycteroperca rubra (Pisces; Serranidae) from the North-Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Turkey

Length–weight relationships (LWRs) for Hyporthodus haifensis and Mycteroperca rubra were studied using longlines at depths of 5–150 m, in the Gulf of Antalya, northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Fishing operations were carried out daily with 15 fishing boats. A total of 170 individuals were sampled. The LWR relationships of Hyporthodus haifensis and Mycteroperca rubra were calculated as W = 0.009L3.142 (r2) = 0.996 and W = 0.0081L3.0652 (r2) = 0.989 P < 0.05, respectively.

Seasonal abundance and diversity of culturable heterotrophic bacteria in relation to environmental factors in the Gulf of Antalya, Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey.

The abundance of culturable heterotropic bacteria studied on and according to depth levels and seasons in the Gulf of Antalya. Environmental factors were compared regarding culturable heterotrophic bacteria abundance and diversities of bacteria. During the study period (between August 2009 and April 2010, seasonally in the Gulf of Antalya, at six stations and six depth levels (0-20 cm, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 m). The bacterial isolates were identified in the automated micro identification system VITEK 2 Compact 30 (Biomereux, France). The mean abundance was higher in Sts. D, E and F than Sts. A, B and C, located in the eastern part of the gulf. The mean abundance decreased as the depth level increased. The mean abundance of CHB ranged between 8.15 × 10(6) and 2.54 × 10(8) CFU ml(-1) throughout the year. Abundance of CHB differed according to the variations of biotic and abiotic factors. A total of 27 taxa of bacteria including six bacterial classes were reported in this study as the first records for the Gulf of Antalya. Six bacterial classes: Gamma Proteobacteria (46.81 %), Bacilli (27.66 %), Beta Proteobacteria (12.77 %), Alfa Proteobacteria (6.38 %), Actinobacteria (4.26 %) and Flavobacteria (2.13 %) were determined. The study resulted in increased knowledge on the composition and biochemical response of bacteria isolated from eutrophic and oligotrophic areas. 23 bacteria species belonging to 16 families were reported.

New imaging of the salinity crisis: Dual Messinian lowstand megasequences recorded in the deep basin of both the eastern and western Mediterranean

Through several examples we show that following sea-level fall and marginal erosion during the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC), clastic inputs into the eastern and western Mediterranean Sea are not distributed evenly in space and time but are mainly limited to the lower section of the Messinian salinity crisis depositional megasequence. Significant similarities around the basin allow us to propose a Mediterranean Messinian salinity crisis depositional episode that can be divided into two seismic megasequences: the Messinian lower megasequence (MLM) and the Messinian upper megasequence (MUM). Their distinctive seismic facies correspond to systems tracts deposited during three main stages that represent a complete sea level cycle. (1) A falling stage systems tract including mass transport deposits and forced regressive clinoforms deposited in the early part of the falling stage, and related to the increasing rate of relative sea level fall. This stage is characterized by a marked shift in the depocenter towards the deep basins. (2) An early lowstand characterized by massive clastic inputs from major Messinian rivers (the Rhone, Nile, and Antalya Gulf rivers) or smaller river systems (offshore south Lebanon). These clastics were deposited in an oversaturated basin, as evidenced by the interfingering chaotic and transparent seismic facies of the Messinian lower megasequence (MLM). (3) A late lowstand, starting with rapid deposition of massive halite, with no detrital inputs into the deep basin. The upper part of the evaporites clearly onlaps the Messinian erosional surface at the margins and is evidence for a transition between a late lowstand stage and an early transgressive stage. These deposits belong to the Messinian upper megasequence (MUM). We interpret the transition between the two megasequences as the peak of the “salinity” crisis, the end of the relative sea level fall, and the maximum dispersal of sands into the deep Mediterranean basins.

Syntaxonomic analysis of the preforest and forest vegetation in the thermo- and eumediterranean zone around Antalya Gulf, Turkey

The aim of the current study was to reveal the syntaxonomical structure of Pinus brutia Ten. Forests and the preforest communities in the vicinity of Antalya Gulf. Of the preforest communities, Dorsytaecho hastatae-Oleutum oleastri ass. Nova is individualized as a paraclimax association. Although little is known about the syntaxonomy of the communities of cliff, rupicolous, and mural communities in the thermomediterranean zone, these are connected with the classes Asplenietea trichomanis (Br.-Bl. İn Meier and Br.-Bl. 1934) Oberd. 1977 and Onosmetalia frutescentis Quézel 1964. In the west of the gulf, Phlomido bourgaei-Pinetum brutiae Akman et al. 1998 and its three subassociations were determined: quercetosum aucheri subass. Nova, phlomidetosum lyciae subass. Nova, and iridetosum unguiculariae subass. Nova. The red pine communities in the western side of the gulf are included in Ceratonio-Rhamnion oleoidis Barbero and Quézel 1979 of the order Pistacio lentisci-Rhamnetalia alaterni Rivas Martinez 1975 belonging to the class Quercetea ilicis Braun-Blanq. İn Braun-Blanq., Roussine and Nègre 1952.Two new associations, Phlomido leucophtactae-Pinetum brutiae ass. Nova and Glycyrrhiza asymetrica-Pinetum brutiae ass. Nova, which are rich in endemics, were determined particularly at the eastern coastal zone of the gulf. These were included in the alliance Quercion calliprini (Zohary 1962) Quézel, Barbero and Akman 1978 of the order Pistacio lentisci-Rhamnetalia alaterni of Quercetea ilicis.

A risk assessment of heavy metal concentrations in fish and an invertebrate from the Gulf of Antalya.

This study was conducted to determine the levels of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb in the Red mullet (Mullus barbatus), Grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) and Green tiger prawn (Panaeus semisulcatus) species caught in the Gulf of Antalya and to assess the health risks associated with their consumption. The average values (mg/kg d.w.) were calculated to be Pb (0.29 ± 0.14), Cd (0.02 ± 0.03), Zn (5.64 ± 1.58) and Cu (1.64 ± 1.02) in M. barbatus; Pb (0.22 ± 0.12), Cd (0.02 ± 0.01), Zn (7.66 ± 2.29) and Cu (1.33 ± 0.82) in M. cephalus; Pb (0.25 ± 0.16), Cd (0.04 ± 0.05), Zn (13.33 ± 3.34) and Cu (5.15 ± 2.09) in P. semisulcatus. The detected levels of the studied metals were below the legal and daily intake limits according to national and international standards, although the mean Pb level in M. barbatus was close to the legal limit (0.30 mg/kg). Target hazard quotient values were also all below 1, meaning that there is no health risk.

New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (April, 2014)

According to reports, the following 16 species have extended their distribution to other Mediterranean areas or have made a new appearance in other regions. The first category includes the following organisms: The rare and common Indo-Pacific seaweed Codium arabicum (Lebanese coasts), the acari Thalassarachna affinis (Marmara Sea), and the non-indigenous nudibranch Flabellina rubrolineata, which has also been found in many other areas of the Aegean Sea. In addition, the rare sea slug Thecacera pennigera (Piccolo of Taranto), the fangtooth moray Enchelycore anatina (National Marine Park of Zakynthos, Ionian Sea), the carangid Seriola fasciata (Gulf of Antalya), Lagocephalus sceleratus (SE. Ionian Sea), the reticulated leatherjacket Stephanolepis diaspros (Slovenia, N. Adriatic Sea), the marbled stingray, Dasyatis marmorata (NE Levantine), the starry smooth-hound Mustelus asterias (Iskenderun Bay, NE Mediterranean), the cephalopod Ommastrephes bartramii (Ionian Sea) have also been reported. The Atlantic crab Dyspanopeus sayi has expanded to many Italian areas and the blue crab Callinectes sapidus to a lake in N. Greece and in the S. Adriatic Sea. Finally, Farfantepenaeus aztecus has been found in the Ionian Sea, thus showing its wide expansion in the Mediterranean. The larval stages of Faccionella oxyrhyncha have been found, after many years, in the Aegean Sea and the first report of an existence on intersexual acari Litarachna duboscqi in Split(Adriatic Sea) was reported.

First Report of The Spiny Blaasop Tylerius spinosissimus (Regan, 1908) (Actinopterygii: Tetraodontidae) From Gulf of Antalya, Turkey

The Indo-Pacific origin tetraodontid Tylerius spinosissimus is reported firstly in the Gulf of Antalya by 3 specimens. This report increases to six the number of the tetraodontidae family members in the Gulf of Antalya, Turkey.

Length–weight relationships of 14 fish species from the Gulf of Antalya (northeastern Mediterranean Sea, Turkey)

Length-weight relationships (LWRs) were determined for 14 fish species from the Gulf Antalya along the northeastern Mediterranean Sea coast of Turkey. Samples were collected using bottom trawl at depths varying from 25 to 150 m. The parameters a and b from the LWR formula W = aL^b were estimated. The values of the exponent b of the length-weight relationships ranged from 2.513 to 3.465. Seven species (Pagrus pagrus, Pagellus erythrinus, Nemipterus randalli, Merluccius merluccius, Citharus linguatula, Chelidonichthys lastoviza, Spicara flexuosa) indicated negative allometries, 5 species (Serranus cabrilla, Mullus surmuletus, Mullus barbatus barbatus, Upeneus moluccensis, Saurida undosquamis) indicated positive allometries, and 2 species (Boops boops, Serranus hepatus) indicated isometries.

The marine arthropods of Turkey

This recent checklist of marine arthropods found on the coasts of Turkey represents a total of 1531 species belonging to 7 classes: Malacostraca (766 species), Maxillopoda (437 species), Ostracoda (263 species), Pycnogonida (27 species), Arachnida (26 species), Branchiopoda (7 species), and Insecta (5 species). Seventy-five species were classified as alien species in the region. This paper also includes the first record of the amphipod Melita valesi from the Levantine coast of Turkey (Kas, Gulf of Antalya).

The Distribution of The Lessepsian Ragged Sea Hare, Bursatella leachii Blainville, 1817 (Aplysiidae) in The Mediterranean Coast of Turkey

In this study, distribution of Bursatella leachii Blainville, 1817 is determined in Mediterranean coast of Turkey. This report is also second report of B. leachii from Gulf of Antalya. One spec-imen of B. leachii was observed during SCUBA diving activity in Konyaalt? beach, at a depth of 25 m, in 29 September 2012.