Antalya City Research Articles

The relationship between self-compassion and caring behaviour in nurses: A cross-sectional study.

To examine the relationship between self-compassion and caring behaviour in nurses. Self-compassion can influence nurses' ability to cope with stress and their job performance. High levels of self-compassion may play a role in nurses' coping with compassion fatigue and burnout. This may make the concept of self-compassion in nurses an important variable for effective care. This is a cross-sectional study. Study data were collected between March and May 2022 from 331 nurses at a hospital in the city of Antalya, Turkey. A personal information form, the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and the Caring Behaviour Inventory-24 (CBI-24) were used to collect data, and the program SPSS 23.0 was used in data evaluation. Descriptive statistical methods, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used in the analysis of data. The STROBE checklist was followed for this cross-sectional study. The nurses' mean scores were 3.50±0.61 on SCS and 5.21±0.56 on CBI-24. A positive correlation was found between the nurses' self-compassion levels and caring behaviour. Also, the SCS sub-dimension of mindfulness, working in intensive care and working willingly in the nursing profession significantly predicted caring behaviour. These variables explain 19.4% of the variance of caring behaviour. The nurses' self-compassion levels were medium and their caring behaviour was at a high level, and caring behaviour was higher in those who worked in intensive care, those who were working willingly in the nursing profession, and in those with high scores on the self-compassion sub-dimension of mindfulness. It is important to strengthen nurses' self-compassion skills to develop their caring behaviour. In particular, giving nurses in clinics mindfulness-based education will help them to increase their awareness concerning their own lives and to develop their caring behaviour.

Comparative evaluation of spatiotemporal variations of surface water quality using water quality indices and GIS

AbstractThere is a need for a comprehensive comparative analysis of spatiotemporal variations in surface water quality, particularly in regions facing multiple pollution sources. While previous research has explored the use of individual water quality indices (WQIs), there is limited understanding of how different WQIs perform in assessing water quality dynamics in complex environmental settings. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of three WQIs (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME), National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) and System for Evaluation of the Quality of rivers (SEQ-Eau) and a national water quality regulation in assessing water quality dynamics. The pilot study area is the Acısu Creek in Antalya City of Turkey, where agricultural practices and discharge of treated wastewater effluents impair the water quality. A year-long intensive monitoring study was conducted includig on-site measurements, analysis of numerous physicochemical and bacteriological parameters. The CCME and SEQ-Eau indices classified water quality as excellent/good at the upstream, gradually deteriorating to very poor downstream, showing a strong correlation. However, the NSF index displayed less accuracy in evaluating water quality for certain monitoring stations/sessions due to eclipsing and rigidity problems. The regulatory approach, which categorized water quality as either moderate or good for different sampling sessions/stations, was also found less accurate. The novelty of this study lies in its holistic approach to identify methodological considerations that influence the performance of WQIs. Incorporating statistical analysis, artificial intelligence or multi-criteria decision-making methods into WQIs is recommended for enhanced surface water quality assessment and management strategies.

Relationship between stress, anxiety and family environment in Turkish married individuals

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to determine how the family environment affects the stress and anxiety levels of married women and men living in the city center of Antalya. The study was defined as a descriptive quantitative research and 455 married individuals attended. Between 20 February and 20 April 2022, data were gathered at parks, bazaars, markets, streets, restaurants, and private workplaces in the Antalya city center’s Kepez, Konyaaltı, and Muratpaşa districts. The findings showed that there was a positive and weak correlation (r = 0.306) between stress and anxiety that the participants felt. The family environment had a weak and negative correlation with anxiety. The increase in the perceptions of the participants about the anxiety state elevated their stress levels (R2=.093). The increased perceptions of the family environment also decreased anxiety levels (R2=.052). It can be asserted that the family environment had a direct effect on the anxiety level of individuals and an indirect impact on their stress levels. Psychosocial interventions offer important and valuable insight for helping married individuals reduce their anxiety and stress levels.

Use of GLCM Entropy Parameter in the Analysis of Urban Function Spaces; Antalya City Example

Urban spaces are concentrated in certain functions to meet the needs and desires of the urbanites. However, for each city, different functions and the value of the space to meet these functions are different. In this study, spatial entropy analysis of Antalya, the most important tourism city of our country, was carried out through GLCM Entropy analysis, one of the texture parameter methods. In the study, firstly, function areas and function spaces were determined. A 5-meter resolution satellite image for 2022 was obtained to perform texture parameter analyses. The satellite image was scaled to include the whole city and urban spaces with QGIS software, and then the general entropy values of the city were calculated with Definies software. Then, selected urban spaces with different functions were extracted from the satellite image and subjected to entropy analyses. According to the results obtained, the areas with the highest entropy difference for Antalya city were determined as airport and harbour, which are transportation and trade places. For Antalya, which has poor road access to the world due to geographical reasons, it is seen as an important determination in terms of analysis that the places representing air and sea connection come to the fore.

Saldırganlık Eğilimi Ölçeğinin 60-72 Aylık Çocuklar İçin Geçerlik Güvenirlik Çalışmasının Yapılması

This study aims to conduct the validity and reliability analysis of the “Aggression Tendency Scale” developed by Cassidy et al. (1996), in children aged 60-72 months. The study group of the research consists of 221 children aged 60-72 months who attend pre-school educational institutions in Antalya's city center and have different sociodemographic characteristics. In the analysis of the data; exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, content validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) have been calculated. Opinions have been obtained from 12 experts to determine content validity. Based on expert opinions and suggestions, it has been decided to retain 6 items in the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis has been conducted with the data obtained from the applications performed with the scale that achieved content validity. As a result of the analyses performed, it has been determined that the 6-item structure of the scale generally complies with the collected data. The internal consistency coefficient of the scale has been found to be 0.772. Additionally, the correlation coefficient was found to be 0.782 as a result of the test-retest reliability analysis of the scale. These results have shown that the Aggression Tendency Scale is a valid and reliable tool in evaluating the aggression tendencies of children aged 60-72 months.

Study of Hydrocarbon Potentials and Sedimentary Properties of Ispartaçay Formation, Turkey

The idea of the current work was the combination of the organic geochemical analyses, and the study of sedimentology characteristics of the source rock samples collected from the Ispartaçay Formation (Cretaceous period) between the city of Antalya and the city of Isparta, southwestern Turkey. Total Organic Carbon analysis and Rock-Eval pyrolysis were performed on the 24 samples taken from the study area, in order to evaluate quantitatively, and qualitatively organic matter and thermal maturity to determine the potential for hydrocarbon production. As well as studying the petrographic features (component and diagenesis), microfacies analysis, and sedimentary environment of the Ispartaçay Formation. The successions of the Ispartaçay Formation are poor to fair organic matter content and consist of dark grayish limestone, marly limestone, shale, massive cherty limestone, and thin-bedded radiolarian limestone. Total Organic Carbon values indicate that Ispartaçay Formation rocks are fair potential. Besides this, most of the samples from the Ispartaçay Formation contain mature to pot-mature (Type III -Type IV) kerogen. Petrographically, the particle portion of the Ispartaçay sediments is composed mainly of radiolarians, and planktonic foraminifera, In addition to the presence of a proportion of benthic foraminifera, whereas the groundmass is composed of micrite. Generally, the present sediments are subjected to some diagenetic processes like silicification, cementation, and dissolution. The microfacies analysis revealed that the succession of the Ispartaçay Formation is composed of alternations of two major microfacies, namely lime mudstone and lime wackestone microfacies. Depending on the facies and petrographic evidence, Ispartaçay Formation represents sediments deposited in the mid to outer ramp environment.

Opinions of Resident Foreign Parents Living in Antalya on The Turkish Learning Process

The aim of this study is to examine the views of parents on foreign children's language, school adjustment and social skills by considering the level of certain different skills in the educational environment of foreign children included in the education system. In the research, the qualitative research method depending on the situation pattern was used and the opinions of the parents of 20 foreign children were taken. Interviews were conducted through a semi-structured interview form, and direct quotations were included in the study. Expert opinions on the relevant measurement tool were received and five questions were asked within the scope of the research. The parents of 20 students studying at primary and secondary schools in the city of Antalya were determined according to the criterion sampling method. Content analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. Content analysis; coding of the data, finding the themes, arranging the codes and themes, defining and interpreting the findings took place in four stages. According to the results of the research, the parents stated that the most important factor that negatively affects the language, school adaptation and social skills of foreign students is not knowing Turkish. For this reason, it has been stated that in order to improve the social skills of foreign students, it is necessary to teach Turkish to all foreign students first, and then move on to other skills training.

Imagined Futures of post-Covid-19 Tourism in Antalya

The Covid-19 pandemic has led to a deep crisis in all tourism destinations in the world, and so did the sun-sea-sand tourism city of Antalya. Will it go ‘back to normal’ after the crisis or will the crisis trigger a significant change? Will it show an engineering or ecological resilience in the future on the one hand or an adaptive resilience on the other? Because the future is open, actors in the tourism industry face, like all actors, a radical uncertainty about it. Under these conditions, they can only ground their decisions on so-called fictional expectations. In this paper, we connect the ‘theory’ of resilience with fictional expectations and explore the expectations of tourism entrepreneurs, managers of tourism associations, and government officials in the tourism city of Antalya with a qualitative research approach based on in-depth interviews with leading hoteliers and discourses of tourism leaders in Antalya's tourism. Some expect a return to business as usual, some expect a continuation of changes set in before the crisis as engineering resilience, and others changes triggered by Covid-19 as adaptive resilience. In addition, Covid-19 has intensified collaboration between key actors to strengthen the city’s tourism industry in the future.

Promoting creativity in early childhood education.

This study aims to find out the opinions and experience of teachers and teacher candidates on promoting creativity and creative thinking in the early childhood stage within the scope of the current preschool educational program. The method of the study is the basic qualitative research design. The study group consists of 25 preschool teachers employed in the province of Alanya in the city of Antalya, and 25 preschool teacher candidates who were students in their 3rd and 4th year at Akdeniz University, Faculty of Education, Department of Preschool Education. Open-ended questionnaire form was used for getting the opinions of teachers and teacher candidates. The data was analyzed within the principles of content analysis. According to the results of the study, statements on the prominence of creative thinking mainly emphasized the child being able to express her/his emotions and thoughts effectively, developing the child's problem-solving skills, forming cause- effect relationships, and being able to create a different point of view towards events and situations. As for developing creative thinking, the opinions that come to the forefront are going on trips with the children, conducting art activities, focusing on drama activities, conducting science and maths activities based on research, and motivating children to create authentic products with different materials. On the whole, teachers and teacher candidates expressed that the present preschool educational program has positive contributions to promoting creative thinking in children.

DESIGNING A TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION CENTER IN THE CONTEXT OF ANTALYA/TURKEY

Nowadays, technology and innovation are advancing very fast. This evolution and progress should be followed by continuous monitoring. However, while making these improvements, sustainability should never be put aside. The main research problem is that today's cities, architectural programs and forms of management do not respond adequately to the development of technology and innovation.
 City of Antalya in Turkey with a Mediterranean climate was chosen to create the challenge for the problem of natural ventilation and the land selected for the project has been defined as a technology development area in the regulation plan. The project, aims to achieve the rapid development of technology and innovation in cities while providing natural ventilation. The goal of the center is to meet citizens, artists, technologists, business and public sector organizations for creating new ideas, tools and technologies. This center will be also serving as community center, an awareness museum of technology and user experience center for people to participate and experience the process of innovation and technology.
 In this study, case study method is used as a main methodology. Başakşehir Living Lab Technology and Innovation Center by Istanbul Design Factory and Teknopark İstanbul by Tabanlioglu Architects are examined for better understanding.

Assessment of energy performance and GHG emissions for the urban water cycle toward sustainability

Abstract This study presents a holistic approach to evaluate energy performance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from urban water supply and sanitation stages, which are important for sustainable water management and climate change mitigation. The study was conducted for Antalya city of Turkey to compare baseline and improved scenario conditions using the Energy Performance and Carbon Emissions Assessment and Monitoring (ECAM) tool. The current application of urban water and wastewater services was defined as the baseline scenario. For the improved urban water cycle, the reduction of non-revenue water, onsite sanitation prevention, increase in energy efficiency, biogas production and reuse of treated wastewater were investigated. Water supply and sanitation stages contributed to approximately 26 and 74% of total GHG emissions and 70 and 30% of energy consumption for the baseline scenario, respectively. GHG emissions were determined approximately as 52,423 tCO2eq/year for CO2 (40%), 47,029 tCO2eq/year for CH4 (35%) and 33,006 tCO2eq/year for N2O (25%) for the baseline scenario. The total GHG emissions of 132,457 tCO2eq/year and energy consumption of 136,328 MWh/year were reduced by 27.65% for GHG emissions and 16.48% for energy consumption for the improved urban water cycle. The outcomes of this research are expected to achieve sustainable cities and combat climate change.

Local People's View on Tourism in Context of Sustainable Tourism Principles: An Importance-Performance Analysis

Considering their central role as stakeholders at destination, local people’s views and active participation in decision-making and implementation processes are important for the sustainability of tourism activities in the area. Therefore, it is of great importance to determine the local people’s attitudes towards sustainable tourism and development. Goal of the current study is to reveal the importance and perceived performance of the local people towards sustainable tourism, in line with the sustainable tourism principles determined by the World Tourism Organization. In order to examine importance that local people give to these principles and perceived performance of their application, Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method was applied. Data was collected from 389 locals in Demre District of Antalya city in Turkey with the survey technique. According to the findings of IPA, local people reported high levels of importance to all sustainable tourism principles. On the other hand, perceived performance of local people towards application of all the principles, except “protection of biological diversity”, shows low levels. Unique contribution of the current study is in providing the perspective on how local people evaluate sustainable tourism principles and emphasizes the awareness of important and perceived performance differences when it comes to sustainable tourism.

Perceived Health Outcomes of Recreation Scale: Measurement Invariance over Gender.

Research handling structural differences among groups presume that the measurement tool works similarly among the groups and the results of measurements provide similar psychometric properties. Therefore, the aim of the study is to provide evidence for measurement invariance of the construct validity Perceived Health Outcomes of Recreation Scale (PHORS). The research sample consisted of a total of 1984 adults who exercise, including 864 women and 1120 men during 2021-2022 in Antalya City, Turkey. The MI of the PHORS was tested by multigroup confirmatory factor analyses, which test the invariance of the covariance structures within the scope of structural equation modelling. Invariance tests were gradually conducted for the implicit variables in the model, CFI (comparative fit index criteria) and AIC (Akaike information criterion) were inquired between structural invariance, where no restriction was applied on the analyses and the other invariance tests (metric invariance, scalar invariance and string invariance respectively) where more restraints are applied. The study yielded evidence showing that the measurement model defined for the factor structure of the scale provided measurement invariance by gender. ΔCFI values were ≤0.010 in all subscales for metric and scalar invariance. The items of PHORS represented the same psychological structure, different groups responded to the items in the same way, the constant values in regression equations generated for the items in regression equations were equal/invariable between the groups.

Analyzing the wastewater treatment facility location/network design problem via system dynamics: Antalya, Turkey case

Wastewater treatment facility location selection and network design issues have become attractive topics in the field of wastewater management due to increasing human population, resource scarcity, environmental concerns, and rise of necessity for sustainable solutions for future policy designs. Especially in areas where the demand for wastewater treatment increases dramatically over the years because of reasons such as high migration levels, rapid industrialization, and tourism activities, the problem turns out to be more critical and dynamic. The existing studies try to deal with the issue through mathematical modeling approaches based on optimization perspectives, which require significant computational effort. In this study, an alternative approach based on system dynamics (SD) method is proposed to examine the complex dynamic and nonlinear structure of wastewater treatment facility location selection and network design problems. The proposed SD simulation model is designed for a densely populated industrial and tourism spot, the city of Antalya, located on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The model is capable of determining where and when to build a new wastewater treatment facility as well as generating the generic wastewater network structure to be built for the five districts situated in the city center based on cost issues for 2015–2040 period. In addition, the impacts of demand level changes for wastewater treatment due to population variations are analyzed via several scenarios to help decision makers to develop sustainable and cost-efficient management policies. Although SD is a frequently utilized approach in the water/wastewater management arena, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to examine the complex and dynamic nature of wastewater treatment facility location selection and network design problems through SD approach.

Mekân Algısının Işık ve Renk Kullanımına Bağlı Değişiminin Antalya Cumhuriyet Meydanı Örneğinde İrdelenmesi

Urban spaces are suitable spaces for individuals to lead a comfortable life. Comfort, on the other hand, is a state formed by meeting biological, physiological, psychological, and social needs. In addition to being comfortable, it is of great importance that a place is perceptible and livable. While perception is realized thanks to the presence of sense organs, its biggest task is the eye that performs the seeing event. Light and color are the two most important factors for visual perception to occur. Objectify design by revealing colors with light reflection. The perception of colors depends on light sources, and therefore colors and light sources suitable for action characteristics are selected for different spaces. In this study, the effects of the use of light and color on the visual perception of the space were examined, and it was also aimed to reveal the perceptual effects on people in different light and color conditions. To achieve the aforementioned goals, light, color, space perception and their relations with each other have been explained and in the light of the information obtained, Cumhuriyet Square, which has great importance to the city of Antalya, has been chosen and the relevant examinations have been made.

FUZZY LOGIC BASED CAPACITY OPTIMIZATION IN HEURISTIC VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEMS: A CASE STUDY IN A FLOUR MILL

Araç Rotalama Problemi (ARP), müşteri gereksinimlerinin zamanında ve minimum maliyetle karşılanmasını sağlamak amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. ARP ile sabit bir depodan, sınırlı kapasiteli araç veya araçların farklı bölgelerde yer alan müşterilere en düşük maliyetle hareketlerini sağlayan rotalar oluşturulması hedeflenmektedir. O yüzden de, depo ile müşteriler arasında ürün dağıtımıyla ilgilenen Araç Rotalama Problemi’nin amacı, toplam seyahat maliyetlerini en aza indirerek tüm müşterilere hizmet verecek şekilde araç rotalarının belirlenmesidir. Bu çalışmada, Isparta il merkezinde faaliyet gösteren bir un fabrikasının merkez deposundan Isparta, Denizli, Burdur, Afyonkarahisar ve Antalya il ve ilçe merkezlerindeki müşterilere teslimat seferleri için kullanılan araçların kapasite kullanımları iyileştirilerek, ulaşım maliyetlerin en aza indirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Kazançlar Algoritması ile dağıtım rotaları belirlendikten sonra, araçların doluluk oranlarının iyileştirilmesi amacıyla Bulanık Mantık yardımıyla talep verileri bulanıklaştırılarak alternatif çözümler elde edilmiştir.

COVID-19 Sürecinde İhracat ve Hava Kargo Taşımacılığı: Antalya Havalimanı Üzerine Bir Araştırma

COVID-19'un hızlı yayılması nedeniyle Dünya, benzeri görülmemiş bir kriz yaşamaktadır. Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ekonomiler için kilit sektör olarak sınıflandırılan havacılık sektörü ise mevcut krizden önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Ancak hava kargo sektörü havacılık sektörünün geneline kıyasla bazı kalemlerde büyüme eğilimi göstermiştir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin en büyük havalimanlarından biri olan Antalya havalimanın hava kargo ihracatının COVID-19 öncesi ve sonrası trendini analiz etmek ve havacılık sektörünün krizden çıkış ve büyümesini Antalya havalimanı özelinde geleceğe yönelik beklentilerle incelemektir. Çalışma bulgularına göre COVID-19 öncesi ve sonrası Antalya ili ile Antalya Havalimanı hava kargo ihracatının mevcut durumu tespit edilmiş ve ilgili literatüre yönelik öneriler, veriler bağlamında tartışılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; 2020 yılında Türkiye genel ihracat rakamları 2019 yılına oranla %6,2 azalırken Antalya ili ihracatı ise %12,5 artmıştır. 2018 ve 2019 yılları arasında Antalya ilinden hava kargo ile yoğunlukla sanayi ve maden ürünlerinin ihraç edildiği ancak 2020 yılında ise bu ürünlerin ihracatının dramatik bir şekilde azaldığı görülmüştür. Fakat aynı yıl sırayla bitkisel gıdalar ve yaş sebze meyve ihracatı %27,1 ve %70,5 oranlarında artarak pandemi öncesi ihracat değerlerinin çok üzerine çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19, Lojistik, Hava Kargo, İhracat, Antalya Havalimanı JEL Sınıflandırması: R10, R40

A Netnographic Review of Dining Experiences of Russian Tourists

This study aims to conduct a nethnographic analysis of the dining experiences of Russian tourists who prefer Antalya as their destination, depending on their restaurant choices. The findings regarding the dining experiences within the scope of the study were obtained from restaurant reviews for 2019 on the TripAdvisor website. The research findings were obtained from 131 reviews written for ten restaurants operating in Antalya city centre, Side, Kemer and Alanya districts. The analysis of reviews are made in three dimensions; First-Hand Experience, Supportive Experience and Attractive Experience. According to the findings obtained from the comments, it can be said that Russian tourists stay away from the Anatolian local culinary culture and prefer the cuisine they are used to in the countries they come from or dishes belonging to the universal cuisine. It has also been established that Russian tourists pay attention to restaurants with a good atmosphere to spend good and quality time with their families, rather than the dishes offered in restaurants.

A Comparison of Gluten-Containing and Gluten-Free Food Products in Terms of Cost and Nutrient Content in the City of Antalya, Turkey

A Comparison of Gluten-Containing and Gluten-Free Food Products in Terms of Cost and Nutrient Content in the City of Antalya, Turkey

2022.1372The Effect of Social Media Tools Effectiveness at the Purchasing Process on Consumer Behavior: Mediating Role of the Generations

Purpose-The primary purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between social media tools’ effectiveness at the purchasing process and consumer behavior in social media before and after the purchase. Another important goal is to reveal the mediating role of the generations in the effect of social media tools’ effectiveness at the purchasing process on consumer behavior in social media before and after the purchase. Design/methodology/approach-The data used in the research was obtained through a questionnaire from citizens residing in Antalya city in November 2019. A total of 664 questionnaires were included in the analysis. For the purposes of the study, correlation and hierarchical regression analyzes were performed. Findings-According to the results, it was determined that there is no relationship between social media tools’ effectiveness at the purchasing process and consumer behavior in social media before and after the purchase. While there is not any effect of social media tools’ effectiveness at the purchasing process on consumer behavior in social media before and after the purchase in social media, when the generation variable is included this equation it has been revealed that there is effect. While similar results were found in the marital status variable, no mediating role was observed in the gender variable. Discussion-The results of the study are expected to be beneficial for firms’ social media marketing activities and social media expertise. Businesses on social media should create a social media unit or should work with outsourcing and social media experts to update their social media pages instantly.