Antagonistic Character Research Articles

Archtypology of the Figural Antagonist in Classical Fairy Tales and Other Culture-Forming Stories

The present study focuses on the semiotic profile of a literary character acting as a villain/antagonist (Propp) as one of the central factors of the existential problem situation (the de facto “originator” of problems), which represents a general theme in the folk fairy tales and/or culture-forming stories. The aim of this paper is neither to cover all the principles and manifestations of antagonists exhaustively, nor to present a complete typological description of antagonistic characters, but to cover those basic forms and most frequent or otherwise essential attributes that canonically standardize and significantly universalize the archetype of an antagonist in the selected range of narratives. The issue is approached from the perspective of literary theory (with an emphasis on the morphological, structural, and thematic analysis of the literary characters), and it is materially and argumentatively based on the representative sets of folklore and culture-forming narratives (Aarne-Thompson-Uther’s international catalog of fairy tale types, world myths, canonical texts, etc.), as well as on their national (Slovak) variants.

Transitivity Analysis of Luh Ayu Manik's Narrative Text: Unveiling Character and Action Dynamics

This study investigates the depiction of characters in the narrative text Luh Ayu Manik – Tresna ring Alas through the application of transitivity processes within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research analyzes various linguistic processes—including Material, Mental, Relational, Behavioral, and Verbal—to examine how these processes portray the main character and supporting characters. The findings reveal that Luh Ayu Manik is depicted as proactive and courageous through Material processes, introspective and empathetic through Mental processes, and responsible and caring through Relational processes. Her perseverance is emphasized through Behavioral processes, while her leadership is demonstrated through Verbal processes. Additionally, the analysis uncovers the complex roles of supporting characters such as Made Anjasmara and Ketut Suprabawa Kabinawa, who are portrayed as brave and strategic in their actions. Meanwhile, the antagonistic characters, the thieves, are depicted through destructive actions and complex emotional responses, highlighting their role as significant threats to the environment. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of character development and narrative dynamics, demonstrating the effectiveness of transitivity analysis in uncovering detailed character attributes and interactions.

Representasi Pelecehan Seksual Dalam Konsep Film Horor Religi Pada Film Qorin (2022)

The development of horror films in Indonesia continues to demonstrate innovation over time. One significant example is the film "Qorin" (2022), which introduces Islamic nuances with its storyline about mischievous jinn resembling humans. This research employs a qualitative approach to depict the social phenomena presented in the film, focusing on the levels of reality, representation, and ideology within scenes of harassment. Data collection methods involve observation, literature review, and documentation. The analysis, using John Fiske's semiotics, reveals reflective representations in the depiction of symbols conveying meaning. Horror films, including "Qorin," often depict supernatural elements, death, or mental illness, with antagonistic characters representing evil. With a duration of 109 minutes, "Qorin" provides audiences with an opportunity to comprehend that sexual harassment can occur in various situations and to anyone. Through this film, society is made aware of the diverse forms of sexual harassment, which may not have been recognized previously. Thus, horror films like "Qorin" serve not only as entertainment but also as a means to convey important social messages.

Evolution and Deepening of Antagonistic Characters in Films: A Typological Analysis and Exploration of Empathy Construction

This paper explores antagonistic characters in films, specifically focusing on the concept of “empathetic antagonists.” Through a review of relevant literature, the paper defines empathetic antagonists, examines their evolutionary processes, categorizes them, and elucidates their significance in film narratives and how they evoke empathy in the audience. Firstly, the paper reviews prior studies related to empathetic antagonists and provides a conceptual framework. Secondly, it traces the evolution of antagonist characters from simple, one-dimensional evil personas to complex, multifaceted characters with depth. Thirdly, the paper classifies empathetic antagonists into four main types: Complex Motivation, Moral Struggle, Complicated Relationships, and Diverse Backgrounds. Additionally, it offers suggestions for scriptwriting and actor interpretation in shaping these characters. Finally, by synthesizing these aspects, the paper concludes that antagonistic characters in films have transitioned from initially simplistic and flat representations to complex and three-dimensional depictions, evolving from uni-dimensional evil to profound humanity. This trend not only enhances the artistic quality of films but also prompts audiences to contemplate issues of humanity, morality, and emotions. In the future, filmmakers can continue exploring the multifaceted qualities of antagonist characters to enrich character experiences and create more captivating works. Simultaneously, actors need to accurately convey the emotions and complexities of these characters during performances, leaving a lasting impression on the audience. This research is instrumental in understanding the role and impact of antagonist characters in film narratives and offers guidance for creating in-depth and empathetic antagonist characters.

Development of Media Technologies as “New Media” from the Perspective of a Critique of the Political Economy of the Media

This paper analyses the emergence and development of new media technologies based on the approach of the Critique of the Political Economy of the Media. First, a critical overview of approaches to the genesis and diffusion of technologies is given. Second, the connection between media technologies and capital accumulation is discussed. Third, the role of media technologies in capitalism as a means of investment, production, distribution, and consumption is analysed. Fourth, the connection between innovation, commodity aesthetics, and planned obsolescence is discussed. Fifth, the antagonistic character of the media system’s convergence, universalisation and diversification is shown. The article shows that technological development is not autonomous but depends on and is shaped by the development of capitalist society. In capitalism, factors such as capital accumulation strategies, crises, competition, advertising and marketing, market research, the state’s economic, technology and media policies, and science and engineering influence the emergence and development of new media technologies.Acknowledgement: This article was first published as book chapter: Manfred Knoche. 2005. Entwicklung von Medientechnologien als „Neue Medien“ aus der Perspektive einer Kritik der politischen Ökonomie der Medien. In Alte Medien – neue Medien: Theorieperspektiven, Medienprofile, Einsatzfelder. Festschrift für Jan Tonnemacher, edited by Klaus Arnold and Christoph Neuberger, 40-62. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Translated and published with permission by SNCSC.

REPRESENTATION OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN THE FILM EVERYTHING EVERYWHERE ALL AT ONCE (2022)

This research study racial discrimination against the Asian characters in the film Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022). The aim of this research is to analyze racial discrimination against the Asian characters in the film Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022). The theory used in this research is Orientalism by Edward W. Said. This theory used to analyze racial discrimination against the Asian characters. This research used qualitative descriptive methods to produce descriptive data in the form of written and verbal data from the objects studied. The results of this research show that there are (7) data showed racial discrimination against the Asian characters. There are (3) data that found on protagonist character, there are (1) data that found on antagonist character, and there are (3) data on tritagonist character.

Analisis Semiotika Terhadap Tokoh Utama Perempuan dalam Film Perempuan Tanah Jahanam

Horror is still a popular genre in the growth of Indonesian films. Female characters are often featured iconically in the narrative of a horror film. However, there is a negative stigma about the presence of female characters in horror films who appear as antagonistic characters. Female characters often play the role of ghosts, victims of crimes, and other complementary characters. This study uses qualitative research and Roland Barthes semiotics to analyze the representation of female characters in Perempuan Tanah Jahanam. This research focuses on the main female characters in the movie. The results of this study explain the denotation that describes the female characters in Perempuan Tanah Jahanam as women who become the main characters in filling various important roles in horror films, while in the connotation there are various meanings that the main female characters have social strengths such as courage in fighting patriarchal culture, supporting fellow women, working hard and being independent, from the denotation and connotation that the author found formed a myth in the form of elements of feminism that were constructed on the four main characters in the film. Researchers found that the main female character is no longer represented as a victim or a seductive and sexy ghost. Female characters are also not used as a means of supporting the success and interests of commercialism in a horror film.

Impoliteness Strategies Used by the Baroness in the Movie Cruella

This study aims to find out the types of impoliteness strategies and the similarities and differences of the impoliteness strategies used by the Baroness, an antagonistic character with an impressive background, toward Estella and Cruella in the movie Cruella. The theoretical framework used is Culpeper’s (1996, 2005) and Bousfield’s (2008) impoliteness strategy. This study employed a qualitative approach. The writers collected and analyzed the Baroness’ utterances to her subordinate, Estella, and to her business rival, Cruella, during the business scenes. The Baroness used all six types of impoliteness strategies to Estella, namely: bald on record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm/mock politeness, withhold politeness, and off-record impoliteness. On the contrary, the Baroness only used four out of six types of impoliteness strategies to Cruella, specifically excluding: negative impoliteness and withhold politeness. The Baroness’ background and personality, as well as the interlocutor’s own background, might have influenced the findings of the study.

Who Is Odete Roitman's Killer? Speech and Power in Building Antagonist Characters

Who Is Odete Roitman's Killer? Speech and Power in Building Antagonist Characters

Gender-inclusive picture books in the classroom: A multimodal analysis of male subjective agencies

This article examines the representations of agentive identity of non-normative male protagonists in children's picture books in relation to the affordances of this material for classroom activities. The analysis of protagonists’ agencies in five picture books revealed varied instantiations of the New Age Boy masculinity schema. A multimodal transitivity analysis of protagonists’ agentive roles yielded a profile of individual agentive identity. Protagonists’ agentive roles when interacting with conflictive antagonist characters were compared with their agentive roles when not interacting with them. Variations were significantly associated with the social domains where the conflict took place (family, school, or community) as different ways of responding to social rejection. The findings of the study concerning the representation of protagonists’ agencies provide young readers with models of action in situations of social rejection that can help make more informed decisions for guiding the selection of gender-diverse reading material and of classroom activities of critical thinking and multimodal literacy.

ADAPTING THE VILLAIN: A CASE STUDY OF GEORGE WICKHAM

This article focuses on the portrayal of the antagonist George Wickham, from the novel Pride and Prejudice, to its adaptation to the webseries The Lizzie Bennet Diaries. The analysis delineates the main characteristics that make him an antagonistic character and investigates how they are adapted to the webseries. First, we present a brief summary of the context of production of the adaptation; after, we look to what makes Wickham such a charming antagonist in the novel and how these character traits were treated in the adaptation; finally, we compare both works in order to identify how the antagonist was adapted.

Adapting visual references in concept art for films and video games in design uncanny monsters

After demonstrating the efficacy of adapting visual references (3D renders and photos) to concept art for high-budget game development and film production, this contribution suggests a specific approach for the digital artist to produce the uncanny valley when designing monsters. This article illustrates the importance of embedding visual references into the artwork for time efficiency, correct use of perspective and establishment of believable textures. In particular, the search for realism shows to be advantageous in design uncanny monsters. Visual references can be manipulated in software such as Photoshop to prepare not only the blueprints for the 3D modelling/sculpting stage but also to design the special effects makeup for live-action monsters. This contribution fills a gap between our current understanding of the uncanny valley and the process of designing characters; it suggests an efficient approach to monster-making for entertainment and sheds a light on contemporary concept art practices. This is important for a dual reason: (a) it moves knowledge forward in the field of the uncanny valley’s applications to concept art since this has not been investigated in depth in other works; (b) it helps professional concept artists in shaping and controlling the uncanniness of antagonistic characters.

Characterization of Lord Cutler Beckett's Antagonist Character, Played by the Main Character, Tom Hollander in Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Blackpearl

The object of the study is Pirates of the Carribean‘s Movie series 1. The data of the study are in the form of explicit sentences and written dialogues . the data of this study are collected by doing the following steps: watching movie carefully for many times, identifying the data related to antagonist character, inventorizing the data, classifying the data, simplifying the data . selecting the data , and at last reporting the data into appendixes . there are several techniques to analyze the data . they are exposing , explaining , interpreting , and the last one is summarizing. the interpretation and the explanation are done from the point of view of sociological approach . The result of this study shows that there are many antagonist conflicts among the characters. the diiferent characters arise cause of individual and selfish societal aspects . Besides, the antagonist character is also found many sectors and has bad effects toward the third social class such as intimidation, physical attack , avoidance between first class toward to third class , and the last extermination. The third class is someone at low caste of social class that always received many kind of humiliation and never get a respect by the highest class of social. Therefore, they give some reactions towards first class who practice antagonist character to the third class such as submission, avoidance, and integration. Finally this study is expected to give more knowledge and understanding about Antagonist character in the real life between the first class among our society.

New and promising type of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) antagonists based on the 1,4-benzodioxine structure

New leukotriene B4 (LTB4) antagonists have been synthesized that can be considered as potential anti-inflammatory drugs. Structures containing the dioxygenated nucleus of 1,4-benzodioxine constitute a potential group of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) antagonists. The objective of this study was to access efficient and selective LTB4 antagonists as a way to elucidate the role of LTB4 in inflammatory processes and therefore allow the development of new types of structures based on 1,4-benzodioxine. Forty-one new 1,4-benzodioxine molecules substituted at different positions of the heterocyclic nucleus were synthesized to determine the minimum structural requirements by studying structure-activity relationships. Eighteen of them were tested in vitro and in vivo for their anti-inflammatory activity related to the antagonist character of LTB4. Pharmacological tests have shown satisfactory in vitro activity for compounds 24b, 24c and 24e with IC50's of 288, 439, 477 nM respectively. The results of the in vivo tests, carried out with the compound that presented greater activity in the in vitro tests 24b, have shown significant anti-inflammatory properties.

Novel 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives as Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists.

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) belongs to the steroid receptor subfamily of nuclear receptors. MR is a transcription factor key in regulating blood pressure and mineral homeostasis. In addition, it plays an important role in a broad range of biological and pathological conditions, greatly expanding its interest as a pharmacological target. Non-steroidal MR antagonists (MRAs) are of particular interest to avoid side effects and achieve tissue-specific modulation of the receptor. The 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) ring has been identified as an appropriate scaffold to develop non-steroidal MRAs. We report the identification of a novel series of 1,4-DHP that has been guided by structure-based drug design, focusing on the less explored DHP position 2. Interestingly, substituents at this position might interfere with MR helix H12 disposition, which is essential for the recruitment of co-regulators. Several of the newly synthesized 1,4-DHPs show interesting properties as MRAs and have a good selectivity profile. These 1,4-DHPs promote MR nuclear translocation with less efficiency than the natural agonist aldosterone, which explains, at least in part, its antagonist character. Molecular dynamic studies are suggestive of several derivatives interfering with the disposition of H12 in the agonist-associated conformation, and thus, they might stabilize an MR conformation unable to recruit co-activators.

Bringing classes back into poverty discussions.

The 1980s saw a shift in the emphasis of discourse on poverty from production relations to consumption relations, with levels of consumption and purchasing power used to define poverty. Based on this concept, much of the research establishes absolute poverty lines or develops relative indicators to distinguish between "poor" and "non-poor." This paper makes the case that such poverty measurement, while useful for assessing trends over the long term or taking into account relative dynamics, distorts our knowledge of poverty by hiding its root causes and results in overly optimistic interpretations. These discussions also decontextualize poverty from its political and economic context by uncritically accepting and promoting neoliberal regime. Moreover, the article questions the meaning of the "eradication of poverty" and suggests that the nominal rise in PPP income obscures historical capitalist accumulation processes (such as dispossession, proletarianization and depeasantization). As a result, the study suggests to recenter the analysis on the material causes of poverty, which are rooted in the functioning of the capitalist system, its antagonistic character, and the class-based contradictions of production itself.

AN ANALYSIS OF PROPPIAN’S ARCHETYPES ON CHARACTERS IN ZOOTOPIA MOVIE

Watching movie has become as one of activity choices by people in spare time. This phenomenon can be influenced by the way its presented. As one of literary works, movie has fiction elements, intrinsic elements and extrinsic elements.Intrinsic element is the elements that build the literary work itself. The elements consist of plot, theme, background, character, and point of view. Character has an important role in building a fictional story.A character can be divided into some categories, they are protagonist character, antagonist character, typical character, supporting character,neutral character, etc. a characters can be created by use the seven sphere of acttion which are the Hero, the the Villain, the Donor, the Helper, the Princess, the Dispatcher and the False Hero.Therefore, this research aims focused on analyzing the seven archetypes in Vladimir Propp’s Morphology of the Folktale theory appear in Zootopiamovie. Finally, the findings show that there are 6 out of 7 archetypes that appeared in this movie. The Helper was the most dominant Archetypes that showed in the film with 4 data, followed by Hero, Villain, Princess, and Dispatcher with 2 data and the least dominance Archetypes that showed in the movie was Donor with 1 data.

PRAKTIK DOMINASI TOKOH ANTAGONIS MELALUI KEKERASAN SIMBOLIK DALAM FILM BETTER DAYS《少年的你》

When language is used in communication events, there also as an ideological distiction and a desire to dominate each other among its users. Because language is never separated from ideological motives, including domination motives. Domination occurs due to the existence of a strong group as the dominating party and a weak group as the dominated party with language as an instrument to achieve it. Symbolic violence marked by language forms that represent language crimes is a realization of the practice of domination. Through symbolic violence, the dominant party imposes its ideological influence on the dominant group. The practice of domination through symbolic violence can be found in the dialogue text of the antagonist in the film Better Days《少年的你》by Derek Tsang which is used as a data source. The patterned language forms used by the antagonist to attack the main character are used as data. After the data is identified and classified, it is analyzed through a qualitative approach using the concept of Bourdieu's theory of symbolic violence. The results of the analysis are presented through a descriptive method to obtain a detailed and concrete picture of the practice of domination of antagonist characters through symbolic violence. The results of the analysis show that symbolic violence, which represents the practice of domination, is realized through forms of language that have functioned as the language of punishment, the language of intimidation, the language of prohibition, the language of accusation, the language of insults, and language of command. Cultural capital (attitudes and lifestyles) is the most dominant capital that represents the attitudes and behavior of antagonists to produce and reproduce texts to legitimize their domination. Based on the frequency of occurrence, forbidden language is the most productive form of language, and accusation language is the language form with the least frequency of occurrence.

PRAKTIK DOMINASI TOKOH ANTAGONIS MELALUI KEKERASAN SIMBOLIK DALAM FILM BETTER DAYS《少年的你》

When language is used in communication events, there also as an ideological distiction and a desire to dominate each other among its users. Because language is never separated from ideological motives, including domination motives. Domination occurs due to the existence of a strong group as the dominating party and a weak group as the dominated party with language as an instrument to achieve it. Symbolic violence marked by language forms that represent language crimes is a realization of the practice of domination. Through symbolic violence, the dominant party imposes its ideological influence on the dominant group. The practice of domination through symbolic violence can be found in the dialogue text of the antagonist in the film Better Days《少年的你》by Derek Tsang which is used as a data source. The patterned language forms used by the antagonist to attack the main character are used as data. After the data is identified and classified, it is analyzed through a qualitative approach using the concept of Bourdieu's theory of symbolic violence. The results of the analysis are presented through a descriptive method to obtain a detailed and concrete picture of the practice of domination of antagonist characters through symbolic violence. The results of the analysis show that symbolic violence, which represents the practice of domination, is realized through forms of language that have functioned as the language of punishment, the language of intimidation, the language of prohibition, the language of accusation, the language of insults, and language of command. Cultural capital (attitudes and lifestyles) is the most dominant capital that represents the attitudes and behavior of antagonists to produce and reproduce texts to legitimize their domination. Based on the frequency of occurrence, forbidden language is the most productive form of language, and accusation language is the language form with the least frequency of occurrence.

Maleficent’s Personality Changes in Maleficent

In this study, I analyze Maleficent (2014), the first Disney film to place a previously antagonist character into a protagonist in a new film. In this thesis, I found changes in the personality of Maleficent from good to evil and back to good that caused her to experience anxieties. Therefore, I use Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of three fundamental elements of the human psyche (id, ego, and superego), anxiety and defense mechanisms. Based on my analysis, I found that Maleficent becomes evil when her id, ego, and superego are unbalanced, and Maleficent can return to being good when her id, ego, and superego are well-balanced. Moreover, Maleficent experiences reality anxiety, neurotic anxiety, and moral anxiety during the process of her personality changes, and she uses defense mechanisms such as aggression, intellectualization, and apathy to overcome her anxieties.