ANSYS Program Research Articles

Numerical thermal analysis of armchair (6,6) and zig-zag (12,0) carbon nano-tubes (CNTs)

In this study, the thermal behaviour of small-sized single-atom CNTs was examined. CNTs are composed of crystals that form a nanostructure with different geometric shapes by arranging them in different ways according to the length-diameter ratio. Due to the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of CNTs, the thermal conduction of CNT materials is critical in controlling the performance and stability of CNTs. CNTs, which are low-dimensional materials with a single atomic layer thickness, have excellent thermal conductivity. According to the simulation technique in ANSYS, CNTs containing the same number of atoms and bonds were developed. The heat transfer of different structures of CNTs in armchairs (6,6) and zig-zag (12,0) were compared. A comparison of zig-zag and armchair CNTs thermal behaviour shows that zig-zag CNTs lattice structure has more advantages than armchair CNTs lattice structure by heat transfer. Highlights In this study, finite element-based thermal analysis of single and double-walled armchair and zig-zag carbon nano-tubes (CNTs) using the lattice method was investigated. A simulation technique was developed and applied in the ANSYS program for single and double-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Armchairs (6,6) and zig-zag (12,0) CNTs in different lattice structures with equal atomic numbers and bond numbers are modelled according to different diameters and length ratios. The CNTs, which have the same material properties as the trays placed at both open ends of the pipes, are kept at different temperature values, and conduction heat transfer behaviour is investigated for certain temperature values. According to the investigated heat conduction behaviour of zig-zag and armchair CNTs, the lattice structure of the zig-zag carbon nano-tubes is more advantageous in terms of heat conduction than the cage structure of armchair CNTs, and it transmits heat faster than the armchair CNTs.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Anti-Overturning Theory of Single-Column Pier Bridges

In recent years, overturning accidents at single-pier bridges have occurred frequently, resulting in significant property losses and safety accidents. Overturning accidents show that there are still many hidden dangers in the design, operation, and management of existing single-pier bridges. Therefore, this paper takes the K503 + 647.4 separated overpass of the Hegang–Dalian Expressway as the research object and carries out an onsite anti-overturning stability test of a single-column pier bridge. Through loading under various working conditions, the displacement changes of each support are measured, and the reaction changes of the supports are calculated. In the process of simulating the field test using the finite element program ANSYS, a rigid model based on ideal support and an elastic model considering beam deformation are established, and the accuracy of the elastic model is verified by comparison with the field-measured data. Furthermore, a series of parameters, such as the bridge side-span ratio, bridge span number, bearing spacing, loading position, and torsional rigidity, are varied, and finite element simulation is carried out on the basis of the elastic model. Through comparison of the results, a relationship between the parameters of the single-pier bridge and the anti-overturning ability is obtained, which provides a theoretical basis for anti-overturning design research and the effective reinforcement of single-pier bridges.

Dreadnought guitar top plate innovation

This paper describes the innovation of Dreadnought guitars, especially braces on top plate. The goal was to increase the dynamic range of the instruments, not only in strength but also in spectral spread. The prolongation of tones in the Sustain and Release phases was also important. Mechanical and acoustic properties of instruments from Furch Guitars' production were measured (Chladni figures, frequency response), numerical simulation of innovated top plate in program ANSYS was prepared (by the matrix) and the changes in organisation of ribs were proposed as following. The new samples of innovated Dreadnought guitars were produced by the factory, again measured, analysed and evaluated.

Shell tube exchanger parametric investigation and performance simulation using ansys

Heat exchangers with shells and tubes are widely employed in the chemical, power generating, and petroleum refining industries. A three-dimensional simulation of a shell and tube heat exchanger with segmental baffles was performed in this paper. The research involves the use of commercial code such as ANSYS CFX, MATLAB, and Solid-Work, which incorporate modeling, meshing, and the use of finite element techniques to produce numerical results. The results have been achieved in transient situations. The purpose of this paper is to optimize and analyse temperature drops, pressure drops in side shells and tubes, stream-by-stream velocities, and parametric investigations such as the number of baffles, the distance between baffles, and the number of passes using the ANSYS program. The pressure drop that has been addressed shows that raising the baffle cut and reducing the baffle spacing have opposite impacts on the pressure drop. In many cases, the pressure drop on the shell and tube sidewalls was investigated as well. Pressure drop has been investigated in terms of the number of baffles, the gap between baffles, and the number of passes.

Development of customized orthotic insole for leg length discrepancy using 3D printing

Limb length discrepancy occurs when one limb of a person is longer than the other limb. The length variation, in certain cases, may extend from a few millimeters to many inches. This problem is rather prevalent, with 23% of the world's population having a difference in leg length of at least one centimeter. One in a thousand people, according to estimations, has an imbalance in leg length that necessitates the use of a rise or another correcting device also called as an orthotic insole. Using the software Autodesk Fusion 360, a 3D model of the orthotic insole was made for this investigation. After exporting the design into the ANSYS program, it could be examined, analyzed, and improved accordingly using finite element methods (FEM). To optimize the design layout for the given loads and boundary conditions inside the designated design space, topology optimization is an effective mathematical technique. The technique seeks to improve the offered design's targeted performance characteristics. The tool Autodesk Fusion 360 was used to optimize the topology of the orthotic insole based on the findings of a static stress study performed using ANSYS. This was done to obtain the finest outcomes possible. The ideal design is then imported into ANSYS and improved for manufacturability before being submitted to meshing and analysis. The orthotic insole rod's maximum principal stress, maximum principal strain, and total deformation values are then changed and put side by side before and after the topology optimization. This is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the topology optimization. A weight reduction of around 30% is achieved in the optimized design for the thermoplastic polyurethane material, and it is discovered that the stresses in the optimized model are lower than those in the existing model. These results show that the optimized model is useful for design.

Calculation of the boring bar design for static rigidity and strength with simultaneous boring of a stepped hole with further optimization

A method for simultaneous processing of stepped holes in the bedding of a submersible pump and the boring bar design is proposed. The results of the study of existing methods for processing stepped holes and the design of boring tools are presented. It was revealed that the considered methods and designs of tools cannot be used for processing stepped holes in the submersible pump frame. The calculation of the developed design of the boring bar for static stiffness and strength, as well as the calculation of the stress-strain state (SSS) of the cutting plates by the finite element method using the ANSYS program, was carried out. The purpose of calculating the boring bar for static stiffness is a finite element study of the radial displacement of the boring bar cutter plates in the process of machining a stepped hole. As a result, the value of deformation in the axial and radial directions, which occur at the top of the cutting plate, is established. Also, the values of the cantilever overhang of the boring cutters are established, under which the conditions for the static rigidity of the boring bar are met. Taking into account the obtained results, the boring bar design was optimized.

Evaluation possibility of the turbine disks using of converted aircraft engines of the NK family

The article examines the possibility of using converted aircraft engines for gas pumping units using the example of the main parts of the GTE - the disks of the NK-8-2U aircraft engine and the NK-16ST and NK-16-18ST ground engines. For all disks of the second stage of low-pressure turbines of three engines, the stress-strain state calculation was performed using the boundary integral equations method (BEM) and using the FEM in the Ansys program. For three disk stress concentrators, the theoretical stress concentration coefficient was determined and the maximum equivalent stresses were calculated. During long-term operation, the main parameters of engine operation change due to degradation changes (wear, erosion and corrosion, development of seals, contamination and resizing of flow parts). As a result, the main parameters of engine operation change, in particular, the rotation speed of the rotors and the gas temperature in the turbine, which determine the stress-strain state, which must be taken into account when predicting durability. The compliance of the results of the calculated study of the stress-strain state of turbine disks with their real load was confirmed by the data of their metallurgical study after prolonged operation. Using the Manson formula for the disks of three engines, their cyclic durability was determined before the formation of a crack of low-cycle fatigue. Using the linear damage summation hypothesis, the total damage rates (under static loading and under fatigue loading) for the disks of three engines were calculated. It is established that after the conversion of aircraft engines that have spent their life in flight operation, it is advisable to continue the use of turbine disks on ground-based GTU.

Расчет добавочного шунта для диагностики изоляторов

The purpose of the study is to review the existing devices and methods for diagnosing and monitoring the state of high-voltage insulation, which plays an important role in the criteria for the reliability of the power system. One of the main methods for diagnosing insulators is a visual inspection. At the moment, online methods have become widespread, allowing to fix the process of destruction of insulation under voltage. Despite the existence of various methods and devices, the problem of timely detection of insulation deterioration in the operating mode has not been solved at the moment. This problem is solved by using an additional shunt design. When the task is achieved, the method of calculating the strength analysis of the additional shunt is used, and the simulation of this process is performed in the ANSYS program. Mechanical strength sufficient for operation under voltage. Experimental tests are carried out with the developed sample of the shunt. As a result of the study, a number of experiments are carried out with this design of the shunt, which have confirmed its performance. Due to the presence of the shunt, it is possible to fix leakage currents of the order of several tens of microamperes. Thus, the authors have proposed the current sensor, which is made in the form of an additional resistive shunt.

Unlocking the Wave's Potential: Dynamic Numeric Simulation Response of Hexagon Buoy and Ring Heave Plate in a Shared Wave Environment

Wave electricity extraction technology in advanced international locations holds to advance. One of the strategies used is a point absorber, which extracts electricity from the response of its system. The essential machine includes a floating buoy and a response management tool referred to as a heave plate. This look discusses the impact of the heave plate's floor location variant at the hydrodynamic parameters of a hexagonal-fashioned buoy (heave and pitch Response Amplitude Operator (RAO), brought mass, and radiation damping). The evaluation changed into performed the usage of the industrial software program ANSYS AQWA. The effects of the evaluation display that the presence of the heave plate at the buoy version affects the RAO values, mainly for the heave and pitch modes. Increasing the ratio of the heave plate's floor location results in a growth withinside the RAO heave price however decreases the RAO pitch price. Additionally, the presence of the heave plate influences the values of brought mass and radiation damping. The maximum ratio of heave plate location effects withinside the maximum brought mass price. This price gradually decreases because the ratio of the heave plate location decreases, and the buoy without a heave plate has the bottom price. This is reversed for the radiation damping price, wherein the best heave plate ratio corresponds to the bottom damping price. The damping price will gradually increase because the heave plate ratio decreases, with the buoy without a heave plate having the best price. The presence of the heave plate in the buoy model influences the RAO values, particularly in the observed motion modes of heave and pitch.

THE METHOD OF THERMAL ENERGY RECOVERY OF EXHAUST GASES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

In modern internal combustion engines, the part of the fuel energy that is consumed for useful energy is on average 35 percent. Up to 30 percent is spent during the combustion of fuel, which is removed with the exhaust gases of the engine. There are many ways to increase the efficiency of an internal combustion engine, one of which is a way to increase the efficiency by recuperating heat losses, implying the use of a device for converting thermal energy into electrical energy, operating on the Seebeck effect. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing an experimental installation for the recovery of thermal energy from exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine into electrical energy and deducing the regularities of the thermoelectric generator in the power supply system in automotive equipment. (Materials and methods) Applied methods of numerical analysis and computer modeling using computer programs ANSYS Thermal Steady State and Solidworks FlowSimulation. A laboratory stand operating from the D-65 engine was used as a power plant (Results and discussion) The dependencies of the generated voltage and current of the thermoelectric generator on the temperature of the exhaust gases and coolant of the internal combustion engine were obtained. The maximum generated power of the developed thermoelectric generator was 54.5 watts. The maximum current of the thermoelectric generator during operation of the experimental installation was 3.7 amperes with an output voltage of 22 volts. (Conclusions) The use of the developed thermoelectric generator for the recovery of the energy of the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine makes it possible to increase the use of the heat released during the combustion of fuel and provides an additional source of electrical energy.

Effects of Compressor Frequency on Performance of Inertance Tube Pulse Tube Refrigerator: A Numerical Study

Pulse-tube refrigerators are considered as the mainstream elements in cryogenic plants. Normally, the efficacy of the inertance tube pulse tube refrigerator (ITPTR) is considered to be the highest among other pulse-tube refrigerators. In the current study, the mechanical performance of ITPTR system is numerically investigated to identify the impact of compressor frequency. The finite volume approach (FVM) is utilized to model the whole ITPTR with the specified boundary conditions using a commercial program ANSYS. The modelled ITPTR includes an inertance tube, reservoir, pulse-tube, cold heat exchangers, after cooler, regenerator, compressor and hot heat exchangers. These coupled systems that are simulated in a steady-state to reveal the performance and cooling rate. It has been discovered that the compressor’s frequency has a significant impact on the ITPTR’s performance and cooling rate. In four distinct ways, the compressor’s frequency has been changed from 10 Hz to 100 Hz. When the compressor runs at 20 Hz, the rate of cooling is determined to be at its highest.

Modeling and analysis of composite plates and their implementation in transportation.

The article describes the process of creating and comparing composite structures using 3D models created in the graphical program ANSYS Workbench in the ACP (Ansys Composite Pre-Postprocessing) module. The research is a contribution in the field of transportation, where it is appropriate to use a lightweight yet sufficiently strong material, which is mainly influenced by the distribution of reinforcing fibers.

Development of Air Driver Seat for Use in M3/N3 Class Vehicles

At the present time, due to the high density of the population and the increase in traffic problems, the extend of the time spent on the road often forces people to prefer public transportation. It is most important to ensure the safety of the passenger in the vehicle. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to ensure the health, safety and comfort of the vehicle driver as a priority. Especially in long distance transportation, it is important to increase the time spent on the road, the correct driving position of the driver and the movements suitable for ergonomics are important in terms of not losing the workforce. Health and risk are always associated with occupational diseases. Vehicle drivers are at high risk for discomfort from long term sitting positions and vehicle vibration. In this study, a design that will improve ease of use, ergonomics and comfort for bus and truck drivers has been developed within the scope of ISO 16121-1:2012 directive for M3/N3 class vehicles. Dynamic and static load vibration analysis simulation (FAE) was applied with the ANSYS program on the CAD drawings of the developed driver's seat. Revisions were made according to the inconsistencies encountered in the vibration analysis simulations performed under dynamic load and the analysis was repeated. Prototype production was carried out to ensure the accuracy of the design. The works for the vibration tests, which will correspond to the bad road test equivalent to 1,000,000 kilometers over the prototype, are continuing. All other validation tests were applied to the prototype produced driver's seat and positive results were obtained.

3D FE modeling of cable-stayed bridge according to ICE code

Abstract This article presents the performance of cable-stayed bridge by representing a model using the ANSYS program under the influence of a concentrated load and then comparing them with the experimental results. One model was used in the analytical, and one was (harp type 1) used in the length of the girder (4,500 mm), height of the pylon (1,480 mm), and depth of the flange for the girder (40 mm). If cable-stayed bridges are constructed using the balanced cantilever method, the stability problem of the girder is more significant during the construction stage than at the initial state. In this study, to investigate the ultimate behavior of cable-stayed bridges, experimental and analytical studies were conducted for one model: Harp type 1. At the limit state, several plastic hinges occurred and the girders buckle along the entire span. Numerical analysis was conducted for the experimental model, and the results of which showed good agreement with the experimental results. The influence of such kind of effects on the analysis and the structural behavior of cable-stayed bridges has been examined in detail in the study. The dimensions of the model were also compared with institute civil engineering Code in terms of the height of the tower to the main space, and Back Span to the main span ratio. It was close to standard specifications. A finite element procedure for the nonlinear analysis of cable-stayed bridges is first set up, and then, a detailed static deflection analysis of such bridges is carried out.

Prediction and control of temperature rise of massive reinforced concrete transfer slab with embedded cooling pipe

Reinforced concrete (RC) transfer slabs (or beams) are common support structures for high-rise or multi-use buildings. The structure serves as a new base for the upper zones and transfers considerable loads to the foundation; hence, the RC transfer slab necessitates a massive thickness design, as well as the use of high-strength material, and should be constructed without cracks. In this paper, the temperature rise of the massive RC transfer slab controlled by embedded cooling pipes was predicted by the Ansys program, and the numerical prediction was verified by recorded data of the temperature rise of the massive RC transfer slab. Regarding to the temperature rise, both prediction data and recorded data showed that, initially, the temperature at the bottom surface and the core of the RC transfer slab rose fast, resulting in a substantial temperature differential (20.4 °C) with the top surface, and, during the cooling stage, the top surface then retained heat and cooled more slowly than the bottom surface; moreover, the model fitted quite well with the measurement at the peak temperature. Regarding cooling pipe operation, within the first four days, it was recommended that the flow rate of 30 °C cooling water was set as high as 26.5 L/m (liters/minute), and this number was subsequently increased to 30 L/m when the temperature differential within the concrete peaked at 20 h.

Analysis of the load-bearing system of the loader according to the results of dynamic tests in the environment of Ansys Motion

Problem. The T-156B hinge frame of the loader, which is an upgraded frame of an agricultural tractor, during work operations creates loads for which it was not designed. Such loads lead to breakdowns and further shorten the life of the entire machine. The frame is the basic element around which the machine is built. The loader that had just been removed from the conveyor did not have built-in durability and reliability. While designing a road construction machine, an account of the features, nature, and conditions of its operation should be taken. Goal. Develop a hinge frame design technique that takes into account the loads experienced by the frame with a virtual simulation of real-world situations during the loader process. Methodology. The adopted approach is based on the use of a computer program Solidworks with three-dimensional modeling and a program Ansys motion for calculating the dynamics of multicomponent bodies taking into account the hinge and contact interaction. Results. In the work were considered three cases of technological operations of the loader. 1. Lifting a full bucket. 2. Collision with an obstacle that is difficult to overcome 3. Movement over an uneven surface with the raised loader arm. The results of the calculations provided forces and torques in the hinge of the half-frames, as well as the effort of the frame. Based on the results obtained, the endurance of the frame in the Ansys motion software package was calculated. Originality. The analysis of load-bearing systems with a virtual simulation of the machine’s actual behavior with the help of Ansys motion software allows to obtain more accurate results, significantly reducing the time for the design and cost of field testing. Practical value. This approach to the analysis of the carrier system behavior can be recommended for designing and determining the technological capabilities of wheeled, tracked, and special machines.

Investigation of Fatigue Behavior for Al/Zn Functionally Graded Material

This paper presented an experimental and numerical study of functionally graded materials made by the permanent casting method and in three models with different mixing ratios between aluminum and zinc alloys (FGM1, FGM2, and FGM3) as in figure 1. In the permanent casting process, three models of the functionally graded material were produced and mechanical tests were conducted on them such as tensile and hardness tests, and the behavior of tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus, and fatigue was analyzed on them. The fatigue test was conducted at six levels of load and at room temperature. Simulations were carried out for the three models and a simulated fatigue test for the functionally graded material into the Ansys program. The results of the fatigue test showed an apparent effect of the different mixing ratios of the functional-grade material. As well as the numerical results were, close to the experimental results. There was an improvement in the fatigue life compared to FGM3, by 23% to FGM2. In addition, the fatigue life of the FGM3 of 11% higher than from the FGM1 model. In addition to that, which is important, the improvement in the fatigue life characteristics of the third type was 36% compared to the alloys from which the functionally graded materials were made.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY DISAGGREGATION OF PHASE-DISPERSED CONTAMINANTS

Wastewater from various industrial productions is the most difficult task for a designer in the field of developing an effective treatment scheme, since their composition and properties are extremely diverse, and treatment methods are possible, both chemical and physico-chemical, and biological. To select the most effective method for treating a particular type of wastewater, it is necessary to establish in what phase-dispersed states the impurities are. The authors of this article supplemented the existing classification of phase-dispersed states of pollution in wastewater with transition states: ultra-weighted, post-colloidal and atomically dissolved. For the simultaneous separation of contaminants that are in several groups of states according to the above classification, a dispersion phase separator has been developed, which includes several sequentially located purification zones and replaces large-sized and expensive facilities. On the developed installation, computer simulation was carried out in the ANSYS program in order to obtain streamlines and pressure of the fluid flow, velocity vectors in 3D format with their values, and the efficiency of the installation was determined. For the most efficient assessment of the wastewater treatment process in the phase separator, an automated control system has been developed in the OVEN program. Shut-off and control valves were selected, instrumentation was installed, allowing the operator to carry out phased control of the main types of pollution. In order to test the effectiveness of the dispersion separator, experiments were carried out on wastewater of various compositions from several industrial productions. The obtained results make it possible to recommend the phase separator as a facility for preliminary wastewater treatment for a number of industrial enterprises.

Study the Effect of Reinforcing Kevlar Fibers with Carbon Fibers and Glass Fibers on the Performance of the Athletic Prosthetic Foot

In this research, the mechanical properties were studied from the experimental, theoretical, and numerical aspects of the sports prosthetic foot for the purpose of providing a sporty prosthetic limb with high performance, easy to use and an appropriate financial cost to use by amputees who have lost their lower limbs (amputation below the knee) in practicing their sports activities and overcoming physical disability. The dimensions of the blades were calculated based on side profiles from European patent specifications. The chosen fibers have high strength, are light in weight, and can be purchased for a lower price than the materials that are used in the production of the sports prosthetic feet that are already on the market and are produced by specialized companies such as Ottobock and Ossur. Six laminates of the composite material consisting of matrix orthocryl lamination 80:20 pro reinforced with different fibers (Kevlar fibers, carbon fibers, glass fibers, and perlon fibers) were fabricated in the form of rectangles using the vacuum system and then cut to the required dimensions using a CNC machine. The density and volume fraction of the samples and the use of the rule of mixtures to calculate the mechanical properties of the laminates were calculated and entered into the ANSYS program. Then the boundary conditions were applied to the athlete's prosthetic foot and the total deformation, and the total strain energy was calculated to find out the best laminates in the athlete's foot industry. It was noticed that the laminates reinforced with carbon fibers were better than the laminates reinforced with glass fibers in terms of Young’s Modulus, as well as deformation. The best laminate obtained is (12 K + 4 C).

Structural behavior of Lightweight and High strength Layered Hollow Core Slabs

A new technique of Layered Hollow Core Slab (LHCS) has been used to obtain a slab with an optimum weight-to-strength ratio. Specimens with a 90 mm top layer of High Strength Concrete (HSC) and a 90 mm bottom layer of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (LWAC) were examined. Nine full-scale slabs with dimensions of 1600* 450* 180 mm were tested under a 4-point loading test. The %core, a/d, RFT ratio, and connection method were the different studied parameters. A push-out test was conducted on triplet specimens to study the bond strength at the interface between HSC jacket and LWAC cubes using bond agent material or shear dowels, or without treatment, to determine which method of them is suitable for connecting the two layers of the tested slabs. Load, deflection, ductility, strain, crack pattern, and mode of failure were studied. The results indicate that ultimate strength is enhanced with decreasing a/d and %core and with an increasing RFT ratio of the LHCS specimens. Using shear dowels ensures an efficient bond between the two layers of the tested slabs. ANSYS program used for modelling the slab. The numerical study accepted the experimental data with a variation of less than 10% for all slabs.