Student Answers Research Articles

Cheating Automatic Short Answer Grading with the Adversarial Usage of Adjectives and Adverbs

Automatic grading models are valued for the time and effort saved during the instruction of large student bodies. Especially with the increasing digitization of education and interest in large-scale standardized testing, the popularity of automatic grading has risen to the point where commercial solutions are widely available and used. However, for short answer formats, automatic grading is challenging due to natural language ambiguity and versatility. While automatic short answer grading models are beginning to compare to human performance on some datasets, their robustness, especially to adversarially manipulated data, is questionable. Exploitable vulnerabilities in grading models can have far-reaching consequences ranging from cheating students receiving undeserved credit to undermining automatic grading altogether—even when most predictions are valid. In this paper, we devise a black-box adversarial attack tailored to the educational short answer grading scenario to investigate the grading models’ robustness. In our attack, we insert adjectives and adverbs into natural places of incorrect student answers, fooling the model into predicting them as correct. We observed a loss of prediction accuracy between 10 and 22 percentage points using the state-of-the-art models BERT and T5. While our attack made answers appear less natural to humans in our experiments, it did not significantly increase the graders’ suspicions of cheating. Based on our experiments, we provide recommendations for utilizing automatic grading systems more safely in practice.

THE EFFECT OF STEM INTEGRATED PHYSICS E-MODULES TO IMPROVE CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY OF CLASS XI STUDENTS OF SMAN 2 LUBUK SIKAPING

Life in this era of globalization requires many changes and developments from previous life. The methods and models used by teachers in the learning process also affect students' critical thinking skills. students' critical thinking, namely the discovery learning model with the STEM approach. The use of this model can change teacher centered learning to student centered. The teacher does not yet have access to references to the STEM learning approach which is accompanied by guidelines for use and the tools needed. Easy, namely less than 50%. The solution that can be done is to change the teaching materials used, namely can use STEM-integrated e-modules. The experimental class was given treatment in the form of STEM integrated e-modules, while the control class was not given treatment. After conducting the research it turned out that students' critical thinking abilities as seen from each student's answer from the two sample classes had different averages in common, namely the normality test, test homogeneity, two-mean similarity test From the analysis results obtained, namely the value of th is in the H0 resistance area so that it can be said that H1 is accepted at a significant level of 0.05. The results of the statistical analysis of the data show that th> tt is 5.897> 2.00, so it can be concluded that there are differences in students' critical thinking skills in the aspect of knowledge using e-modules and not using e-modules.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Aplikasi Android Berbasis Powerpoint Untuk Mengingkatkan Kemampuan Visual Matematis Siswa

The use of learning media that is less than optimal is the basis of this research with the aim of developing learning media for Android applications and knowing the process of student answers. This type of research is development research with a model adapted from Borg and Gall with a sample of class VIII-2 students of Santa Maria Private Middle School Medan, totaling 25 people. From the results of the study, it was obtained (1) the quality of the developed learning media met the valid, practical, and effective categories with an assessment by media experts of 3.82 and material experts of 3.87, practicality from the student response with a score of 3.61 and the teacher's response with a score of 4, and the effectiveness of classical student learning completeness reaches 92% of students and an n-gain score of 0.62 which means an increase in mathematical visual abilities is included in the moderate category. (2) The process of student answers shows that students have been able to identify problems, understand problems, generalize patterns and explain what is obtained, which means that students have fulfilled each indicator of mathematical visual ability, namely looking, seeing, imagining, showing and telling.

The Students' Perception of Learning English as Foreign Language in Pandemic Covid 19


 
 
 
 This research aimed to find out the student's perception of learning English during the pandemic covid 19. This research used a qualitative descriptive method. In order to answer the research question, the researcher collected the data from 13 open-ended statements interviewed by students at SMP Negeri 2 Satap Dungaliyo. The researcher used data reduction, data display, and conclusion to analyze the data. And the result of this research is that English in the pandemic covid 19 has various student answers. There are advantages and also disadvantages to the implementation of online classes in the pandemic era. It depends on the students themselves; each of them has their own perception regarding learning English during the pandemic covid 19, and also their own experienced they faced in their environment. These statements were gained by the result of the research conducted in SMP Negeri 2 Satap Dungaliyo.The coronavirus outbreak that has hit this country poses a challenge for the community and educational institutions, so to anticipate the spread of the virus, the Ministry of Education has set the learning system to be carried out with an online system.
 
 
 

ANALYSIS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN THE SUBJECTS OF NATURAL SCIENCE AND SOCIAL STUDIES

The ability to think critically is a skill that students need to cope with the challenges of today's world. The aim of this study is to analyze the critical thinking skills of fourth-grade students in science materials at SD Islam Ummina and SDN 1 Tunjungan for the 2022/2023 academic year. This research employs a quantitative descriptive method, with data collected by providing High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions with critical thinking indicators related to science material to 52 students of grade IV SD. The results of the PAP analysis on the final test showed that 7 students (13%) had high critical thinking skills, 5 students (10%) had good critical thinking skills, 18 students (35%) had sufficient critical thinking skills, and 22 students (42%) had low critical thinking skills. Furthermore, in the distribution of student answers, the minimum score was 110 with a percentage of 21% for question number 7, which utilized type C5 questions with complex multiple-choice formats. Thus, the students' ability to solve questions at levels C4, C5, and C6 is still low. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the critical thinking skills of fourth-grade students at SD Islam Ummina and SDN 1 Tunjungan are still low.

Analisis Kesalahan Siswa SMA dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Matematika SPLTV Berdasarkan Prosedur Newman Ditinjau dari Gaya Belajar

In almost every math lesson, students often experience mistakes when reading and understanding questions. Based on these problems, teachers are required to know students well and understand the different characteristics of each student, one of them is stuudents learning style. Learning style is a unique way that each student has to capture information effectively in a lesson. There are 3 types of learning styles, namely visual learning styles, auditory learning styles, and kinesthetic learning styles. Each student has different learning styles. This study is a qualitative-descriptive study which was purposed to describe students error in solving the Linear Equation Three Variables problems by analizing students errors. The data were collected from the learning style questionnares, students answers according to Newman errors indicator, and interviews. The subjects of this study are three students from thirty six students at tenth grade of Sains 5 Senior High School 1 Sampang. not only from the test, the subjects were interviewed and analized to know the more reasons behind students errors. This study found that students with visual learning style were doing more errors on transformations, the processing skill, and the final answers. Besides, students with auditorial learning style did mistakes on reading, understanding, transforming, processing, and final answers. Lastly, students with kinesthetic learning style were error on understanding, transforming, processing, and final answers writting.

E-Module Based on Role-Playing Learning Model with Scientific Approach to Improve Conceptual Mastery and Problem-Solving Skill on Fluid Dynamics

Fluid dynamics is the basic knowledge of technology development that is important to be mastered, but students still have difficulties with it. This research aims to determine the students’ increased conceptual mastery and problem-solving skills using ­e-module. The method of this study uses the quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test control group research design. Each student is given questions on pre-test and post-test conceptual mastery in multiple-choice and problem-solving skills in the form of descriptions. Student answers were analyzed with descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon, and the n-gain tests. After the e-module was implemented, the increase in conceptual mastery of the experimental class was higher than the control class, with an n-gain value of 0.69 (moderate) for the experimental class and 0.46 (moderate) for the control class. The increase in the problem-solving skill of the experimental class was higher than that of the control class, with an n-gain value of 0.59 (intermediate) for the experimental class and 0.28 for the control class (novice). So, this e-module can improve students' conceptual mastery and problem-solving skills. The reason is caused by the learning process of experimental students who can learn actively, independently, intensively, and repeatedly using the e-module for conceptual mastering by the stages of the scientific approach through role-playing.

Development of Interactive Power Point Learning Media to Teach Asking and Giving Opinion Material

This study aims to describe the process of developing interactive power point learning media for asking questions and giving opinions to class X students of SMK Hidayatul Mubtadi'in Kanigoro and to describe the results of developing interactive powerpoint learning media for learning materials asking questions and giving opinions to class X students Hidayatul Mubtadi'in Kanigoro Vocational School. In this research and development method refers to ADDIE model. The reason researchers use the ADDIE model in this study is because the ADDIE model has the right steps for the development of the media being developed (Branch, R.M 2009). After the powerpoint interactive learning media was finished, the researcher brought the interactive power point learning media to media material specialists for evaluation. Considering the percentage of experts' validation, namely (87.5%) media experts and (75.0%) material sheets validation. Furthermore, in the product category included in the "Valid" category as a complement to the media, the results of student answers were (62.10%). This means that interactive PowerPoint learning media is feasible to use.

Analysis of the Mathematical Comprehension Ability of Grade VIII Students on the Pythagorean Theorem

This study aims to describe students' mathematical understanding abilities, especially in circle material. This research was conducted at MTs Nurul Yaqin Pekanbaru to 10 grade VIII students. The method used in this study is a descriptive method using a qualitative approach to analyze student answers from the given instrument. The instrument used in this study was a written test of mathematical comprehension ability with two questions. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be seen that the mathematical understanding ability of class VIII students at MTs Nurul Yaqin Pekanbaru is still relatively low. Students cannot apply formulas in simple calculations, perform algorithmic calculations, and do not understand the questions given. During learning, only a few students actively asked and answered questions given by the teacher. Students who were less active in the learning process tended to listen and take notes delivered by the teacher. Students had difficulty understanding questions, were not challenged to solve non-routine math problems, were nervous about answering questions about poorly understood mathematic material, were doubtful about being able to learn difficult mathematic material on their own, and were unable to find new ways to do difficult math problems.

Application of the Realistic Mathematical Education (RME) Approach to the Operational Material of Addition of Fractions to Increase Activities and Learning Outcomes of Elementary School Students

This study aims to describe the application of the RME approach in increasing student activity and learning outcomes in the material for adding fractions for class V SD Inpres 3 Birobuli. This research uses classroom action research (PTK) which refers to Kemmis and Mc.Taggart Data collection techniques used were tests, observations, interviews, and field notes. The results showed that the application of the RME approach could increase student learning activities and results in the material for addition operations for class V SD Inpres 3 Birobuli by following the steps of the RME approach; (1) understand contextual problems, (2) explain contextual problems, (3) solve contextual problems, (4) compare and discuss student answers, and (5) conclude problems. This research was conducted in two cycles. The results showed that there was an increase in activity and learning outcomes which were seen in the observation of teacher activity in the very good category, student activity in the very good category, student activity in the very active category, and student affective learning outcomes were good. habits, and psychomotor learning outcomes of highly skilled students in cycle II. Likewise, the results of students' final tests with a percentage of learning completeness of 85% in cycle II.

Формы религиозности студентов-мусульман Татарстана (по результатам опроса и интервью)

The article is devoted to the forms of religiosity of Muslim students of higher educational institutions of Tatarstan. The topic is relevant for the republic since in such a multi-confessional region as Tatarstan the religiosity of the population is important in achieving interfaith harmony and peace. The author adheres to a multidimensional approach to the study of religiosity, which in the most generalized form represents religiosity as a complex heterogeneous phenomenon comprising different definitive elements. In 2022, a survey and interviews were conducted among Muslim students in secular and religious higher educational institutions of Tatarstan. The study revealed the most common forms of religiosity among Muslim students of Tatarstan. A significant part of the respondents believe in Allah and feel the influence of God in their lives, turn to Him in different life situations. However, not all informants perform ritual duties (saying prayers, fasting, etc.). The daily life of the students interviewed is not always built according to Islamic norms and may include building family relationships, choosing a job, and buying a home. The study showed that the answers of students of secular and religious educational institutions vary greatly on some questions. For example, religious activity (participation in religious events) is demonstrated in various degrees only by the students of religious institutions. Among the students surveyed, there also are superstitious people who believe in omens, signs, horoscopes, etc.

Islamic Tourism in Indonesia Context in PISA-Like Mathematics Problem

The aim of research was to producing PISA-like mathematics problem in using Islamic tourism context in Indonesia that are accordance with the PISA problem framework, had attractiveness, and had potential-effect to mathematics literacy skill on junior high school students. The subject of the research were 21 students of ninth grade A class at MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Palembang. The research method used was development research which is divided into two major stages, namely the preparation stage and the prototyping stage with Tessmer’s formative evaluation flow. The techniques of collecting data were used open questionnaire, interview, and test. The technique of analysis data was used descriptive qualitative. The final results of the study are 7 PISA-like mathematics problem in using Indonesia’s Islamic tourism context at the junior high school level that were valid based on the validator's assessment at the expert review stage. The questions had an attractiveness based on the results at the one-to-one and small group stages because it is known that students are challenged to solve problems correctly and can stimulate students thinking to use their mathematical abilities in any problems. The results of student answers at the field test stage show the potential effect that the questions developed lead to the involvement of various basic abilities and mathematical literacy in the problem solving process.Keywords: Development Research, PISA-Like Mathematics Problems, Islamic Tourism in Indonesia

How Application Ease The Assessment Process in EFL Classroom

The learning process carried out in Indonesia is still dominated by large classes. It contains more than 20 students. This situation sometimes makes it difficult for teachers to conduct assessments because assessing and evaluating each student takes much time. Nowadays, the assessment process is quite diverse; teachers do not only do paper-based tests but can use application assistance. This study aims to see how well the Pintar Apps help teachers conduct student assessments. The method used in this study is qualitative, with instruments in the form of class observations and interviews. The subjects were 15 and 3 English teachers students of SMP Negeri 2 Tayu. The study results revealed that the application helps the student assessment process faster and more accurately. The teacher does not need to check the results of student answers one by one because the system automatically checks them. Pintar Apps as the student assessment application are beneficial for teachers in managing assessment activities in class. Furthermore, Pintar Apps even helps teachers administer the students who have used this application, and there is a list of them for all activities when using this application.

Implementation of Small Game Modifications as a Form of Warm-Up to Student’s Interest in Physical Education Learning at MAN 1 Musi Banyuasin

Warm-up activities are important activities before students carry out core activities in physical education learning, but since the covid 19 last year physical education learning has been forced to be carried out online, and when learning is carried out offline, many of the students do not look serious and lazy on the grounds that warm-up activities are just that, and there is no challenge when doing warm-up activities during learning and boring; therefore, there is a need for small game modifications when doing warm-up activities so that students are interested in participating in physical education learning. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the implementation of small game modifications as a form of warm-up to students’ interest in learning Physical Education. The population comprised 150 class XII MAN 1 Musi Banyuasin individuals. The sample in this study consisted of 35 students who were recruited using the cluster random sampling technique. This study used an experimental method. A questionnaire with 20 statements was used for data collection. Validity and reliability were tested by experts using a questionnaire with 20 statement items. Validity and reliability testing using validity tests by experts. The results showed that there was a significant effect on the implementation of small game modifications as a form of warm-up on student interest in learning physical education, as evidenced by the results of student answers through distributing questionnaires of overall student answers from questionnaires no. 1-20 on average, students answered that they agreed with a total of 269. The lowest number of student answers strongly disagreed, with a total of 23.

Insights from coherence in students’ scientific reasoning skills

Improving scientific reasoning enables students to navigate the challenges of learning science. Teachers use Lawson's classroom test of scientific reasoning (LCTSR) to measure scientific reasoning. The LCTSR is a two-tiered assessment that uses content-based questions and explanation statements. Researchers have found that if a student answers a knowledge-based question correctly but selects an incorrect explanation statement, there may be an element of guessing or an established misconception. Misconceptions are beliefs that students hold that are not based on scientific evidence. The present study added a confidence variable to the LCTSR, which measures how confident students regarded their responses in both tiers. Selecting a correct response to a knowledge-based question while providing an incorrect explanation and having a high confidence rating indicates an established misconception. The confidence variable is, therefore, a measure of an established scientific misconception and is the basis of the present study. The present study analyzed the responses of 71 first-year university students enrolled in an introductory physics course. The LCTSR results indicate that students performed the best in the conservation reasoning dimension and the worst in the proportional reasoning dimension. In all scientific reasoning dimensions, more than half the students chose the incorrect explanation for each context question. Students' confidence responses surpassed their performance in three of the 14 LCTSR items. The low frequency of correct answers and the statistically significant correlation between LCTSR items and confidence suggest possible misconceptions in students' scientific reasoning skills.

The Evaluation of Distractor in English Semester Exam at Junior High School

This study aims to determine the quality of the items in the Odd Semester Final Examination Questions for English Subjects at SMP NEGERI 09 Padang for the 2022/2023 Academic Year. This research is quantitative descriptive. The Odd Semester Final Examination Items for English Subjects of SMP NEGERI 09 Padang consist of 50 multiple choice questions. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research. The participants of this study were 70 students of class VIII at SMP N 09 Padang which were determined through simple random sampling technique. This instrument is documentation of student answer sheet and key answer. From the data analysis the researcher can conclude that in terms of the effectiveness of the distractor, there are 19 items (38%) belonging to the very good and 15 items (30%) categories, 11 items (22%) including the sufficient category, 3 questions (6%) including the poor category, and 2 questions (4%) the questioners fall into the bad category

Pemahaman Membaca Dan Siswa Kesulitan Memahami Soal Cerita Matematika di Sekolah Dasar

Reading is an attempt to get information from the content of the reading read, by reading a person will get the meaning he is looking for. The low level of reading comprehension of students is a measure of student success in getting a content or information from the Reading, plus in math story problems, of course there are things that students need to understand in order to understand the reading of the math story problem. The purpose of this study is to determine how far the students understand the reading of the text and its relationship with the problem of mathematical stories. The research method used by using literature literature review as many as 30 articles with the latest issue and indexed, adapaun the article to find out and associate concepts and theories on this subject accompanied by the collection of initial data. The results of the study are various speculations emerged from the results of the initial data tests that have been done by the author, such as students do not rewrite the content of the story, students do not answer questions, and student answers are wrong and it turns out there is a link between reading comprehension with understanding math story problems. So this article discusses the ability of students to be able to understand the reading of math story problems, in order to know the problems that exist in the problem.

The Effect of Homogeneity Psycho Cognition Strategies on Students' Understanding of Physics Concepts in Static Fluid Topics

Students' difficulties related to the concepts underlying the static fluid phenomenon are still lacking serious attention from physics education researchers. This study aims to increase students' understanding of physical concepts in solving conceptual problems related to static fluid phenomena using the Homogeneity Psycho Cognition (HPC) strategy. The analysis was carried out based on student answers to brief description questions and the level of student confidence in the accuracy of the answers. The results of the study show that the HPC strategy can improve students' understanding of concepts. At the initial meeting the students did not understand well and even indicated they had misconceptions. However, after carrying out the learning process, the results of students' understanding of concepts at each meeting are increasing. The increase in students' understanding of physics concepts with the HPC strategy is higher than the increase in students with teacher-centered or conventional learning. Thus, HPC can be recommended to improve students' understanding of physics

Identify Student’s Scientific Reasoning Skill in Straight Motion Material

Objective: This study aims to identify the level of scientific reasoning skills of students. Method: The type of research used is descriptive quantitative. The subjects of this study were 10th-grade students at 1st State SHS Menganti. The test given is five questions, each of which includes four indicators of scientific reasoning skills: theoretical reasoning, correlational reasoning, proportional reasoning, and probabilistic reasoning. The research method used is a preliminary study through reviews, determining research objectives, developing research instruments, validating instruments, collecting data, and analyzing and interpreting data. Results: The results of the research conducted show that the level of students' scientific reasoning skills in the theoretical reasoning pattern is quite good because they can interpret the existing theory with the data on the problem. Students' scientific reasoning skills in the correlational reasoning pattern still need to improve because only one student can answer questions at level 5. Students' scientific reasoning skills in the proportional reasoning pattern still need to improve because only one student's answer reaches the level 4 Ratio (R). The students' scientific reasoning skills in the probabilistic reasoning pattern still need to improve because only three are at level 3. Novelty: With this research, it is hoped to provide information about the importance of training students' scientific reasoning skills. Scientific reasoning skills are essential and related to science education (not only in scientific contexts but also in everyday life).

An Analysis Of Factors Affecting English Department Students In Thesis Writing THESIS WRITING

This study aimed to analyze factors affecting students in writing thesis. This research was qualitative research with descriptive design. The participants of this research were 20 students of the eighth semester students of English Department Program at FBMB UNDIKMA 2022/2023. The researchers used questionnaire and interview as the instruments. The instruments were focused on the three factors: psychological, sociocultural and linguistics factors. Based on the result of questionnaire, it showed that in psychological factor the students obtained 75% score, meanwhile in sociocultural factor the students obtained 71% score, and the highest factor affecting students in writing thesis was linguistic factor which reaching the score of 80%. Based on the average of those three factors showed that the students obtained 76% score; it means that the students have high score criteria. Moreover, based on the interviews showed that there were no students answers disagree toward the questions of interview. Alternatively, it can be concluded that the result of questionnaire and interview was matched. Consequently, it can be suggested that, the eighth semester students of English Department Program at FBMB UNDIKMA have to pay more attention in linguistic factor, since this factor was the highest percentage that can interfere graduation process.