Answer Choices Research Articles

Under the lens: Learning management system (LMS) platforms and DEIA components

Many global higher educational institutions speak of accessibility, diversity, and inclusivity for students in terms of assignments, documents and syllabi, and assessments, but most in academia have not fully addressed the need for true accessibility in the learning management system (LMS) environment. The chosen LMS must be able to translate course content into meaningful lexicon for all students, including those who are multilingual, and/or have learning differences, yet it is not yet inherently capable of doing so. Faculty and higher educational leaders throughout the halls of higher learning do not have a universal, mandatory, standardized means of being trained in LMS best practices. Selections of a primary language interface can be made, but content uploaded by American English professors, for example, cannot be automatically translated into another language by a LMS. Many issues arise with how to provide alternative text for images in the testing environment without revealing the assessment’s answers, yet providing enough context with which to select the appropriate answer choice. We will explore the delicate balance of using alt text, scripting, translation, and other existing accessibility, diversity, and inclusivity tools within LMS platforms, address the need for global, universal LMS best practices training for academics, and delve into other issues that inhibit student success within the online learning environment.

ANALISIS PENINGKATAN PENGGUNAAN SEPEDA MOTOR DI KOTA DENPASAR

Currently, the motorcycle population in big cities in Indonesia is increasing very rapidly. Motorcycles are the most popular mode of transportation in Denpasar City. The increase in the use of motorcycles (SPM) has an impact on congestion, air pollution and high traffic accidents involving SPM. This study aims to analyze the increase in the use of SPM in Denpasar City, involving the variables of Household Characteristics, Costs, and Advantages of SPM. Primary data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires, as many as 400 copies distributed throughout the sub-districts in Denpasar City. The questionnaire contains a Likert scale, containing statements, where respondents provide their perceptions through the available answer choices. Analysis of public perception data was analyzed using multiple linear regression statistical methods. Based on the results of the analysis, the variables of Household Characteristics, Costs, and Advantages of SPM have a significant positive effect on the Increase in the use of SPM, each with tcount = 6.110; 6.847; and 7.865> ttable = 1.966; and all sig values. 0.000 < 0.05. The influence of the three variables together is Fcount = 209.162 > Ftable = 0.072. Sig. value = 0.000 < 005. The equation model obtained is: Y = 0.296X1 + 0.294X2 + 0.290X3 + e.

Misconception Analisis of Junior High School Student in Lareh Sago Halaban Distrit on Vibration, Wave and Sound Materials Using the Four Tier Test Instrument

The purpose to analyse the student’s misconception profile and determine the percentage of misconceptions of class VIII students on vibration, wave, and sound material. The reseacrh subjects 78 students in two acceredited A secondary schools during the full 2023-2024 semester. The research method is descritive quantitative. Data collection method using a diagnostic test with a four tier test of 21 questions developed by Merry Christiani and Vindy Utami Karomah was the modified by researchers with reliability of 0,86 (very high). The four tier test instrument consists of four levels. At the first level, there are multiple choice questions with four answer choices. The second level includes students' confidence in answering the first level questions. The third level is related to the reasons behind the answers students choose at the first level. Finally, the fourth level includes students' beliefs regarding the reasons for the answers at the third level. The results of the research show that the profile of students' misconceptions is on the indicators of the concept of vibration, the concept of amplitude and deviation, the concept of period, the concept of vibration frequency, the relationship between frequency and period, the basic concept of waves, the concept of sound and frequency, the sound propagation medium and the relationship between periods, frequency and wavelength. speed, is in the medium category while the creepage concept indicator is high. The conclusion of the research results is that the misconception of junior high school students in Lareh Sago Halaban District regarding vibration, wave and sound material using the Four Tier Test instrument is 55% in the medium category

Training Development and Implementation of Digital Learning for Lecturers at Poltekkes Kemenkes Kendari

This training aims to provide understanding to Kendari Ministry of Health Polytechnic Lecturers regarding the development and implementation of digital learning. Training was held on 4-5 June 2024 with a total of 17 training participants. After the training activity ends, an evaluation is carried out by asking the training participants to fill out a Google Form containing statements related to the participant's response to the training activity. Google Forms are structured as a closed questionnaire with 4 answer choices. Student responses regarding training activities were analyzed on the data obtained in the form of percentages. Percentages were obtained based on modified Likert Scale calculations. Each item in the instrument is given a quantitative value, namely 4 for the Strongly Agree category, 3 for the Agree category, 2 for the Disagree category, and 1 for the Agree category. Based on the evaluation results, it is known that the training was carried out well and the training participants gained an understanding of the development & implementation of digital learning as one of the right choices to use in the digital era.

Naloxone Coprescribing and the Prevention of Opioid Overdoses: Quasi-Experimental Metacognitive Assessment of a Novel Education Initiative.

Critical evaluation of naloxone coprescription academic detailing programs has been positive, but little research has focused on how participant thinking changes during academic detailing. The dual purposes of this study were to (1) present a metacognitive evaluation of a naloxone coprescription academic detailing intervention and (2) describe the application of a metacognitive evaluation for future medical education interventions. Data were obtained from a pre-post knowledge assessment of a web-based, self-paced intervention designed to increase knowledge of clinical and organizational best practices for the coprescription of naloxone. To assess metacognition, items were designed with confidence-weighted true-false scoring. Multiple metacognitive scores were calculated: 3 content knowledge scores and 5 confidence-weighted true-false scores. Statistical analysis examined whether there were significant differences in scores before and after intervention. Analysis of overall content knowledge showed significant improvement at posttest. There was a significant positive increase in absolute accuracy of participant confidence judgments, confidence in correct probability, and confidence in incorrect probability (all P values were <.05). Overall, results suggest an improvement in content knowledge scores after intervention and, metacognitively, suggest that individuals were more confident in their answer choices, regardless of correctness. Implications include the potential application of metacognitive evaluations to assess nuances in learner performance during academic detailing interventions and as a feedback mechanism to reinforce learning and guide curricular design.

Patient Experiences With Hospitalization Due to Diabetes in Alberta, Canada: A Cohort Study Using Survey and Administrative Data

ObjectivesIndividuals living with diabetes are often hospitalized. Despite this, little is known about their experiences with hospital care. In this study we examined the comprehensive experiences of patients hospitalized due to diabetes in Alberta, Canada, and compared them with those of patients hospitalized for other chronic conditions. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study that linked survey data with inpatient records. Survey data were collected using the Canadian Patient Experiences Survey–Inpatient Care (CPES-IC) instrument. Results from 37 questions were classified as percent in “top box,” which reflects the most positive answer choice. We also examined the association between overall experience and demographic and clinical factors among those living with diabetes. ResultsOver a 7-year period, 12,593 surveys (2,288 with diabetes and 10,305 other chronic conditions) were obtained. Patients hospitalized due to diabetes had lower “top-box” scores on 24 questions, higher scores on 3 questions, and the remaining 10 questions showed no difference between groups. Those hospitalized due to diabetes indicated potential areas for improvement. These included receiving information about their condition and about the admission process, the nighttime quietness of their hospital room, being informed about possible side effects of new medications, and pain control. Overall experience was also shown to vary according to demographic and clinical factors. ConclusionsWe found that individuals hospitalized due to diabetes reported lower experience scores than those hospitalized due to other chronic conditions. Our findings may be used to develop strategies to improve the patient experience among this cohort.

The level of knowledge about dental malocclusion in students at Islamic boarding schools

Introduction: Malocclusions often found daily include crowding of teeth, open bites, cross bites, protrusion, and maxillary or mandibular teeth. This proves that the community's need for orthodontic treatment is very high. Knowledge results from human knowledge, which occurs after people sense certain objects. A person's knowledge of an object contains two aspects, namely positive aspects and negative aspects. Purpose: To identify the level of knowledge about dental malocclusion in students at Islamic boarding schools. Methods: The questionnaire was prepared for pre and post-tests. The questionnaire contains 12 questions using the Guttman scale which has two answer choices "yes" or "no", where positive answers are given a score of 1 and negative answers are scored 0. Results: There was a significant increase of understanding in the mean of subject matter from the post-test mean was higher (14,4%) than the pre-test rate (12,1%) with a significant difference (P=0.000) Conclusion: The goal of this community service was to successfully provide counseling about the importance of awareness of dental malocclusion at the Islamic Boarding School in Karangmojo, Ponorogo, East Java by conducting a questionnaire of pretest and posttest to understand the level of knowledge of dental malocclusion. The level of knowledge was increased by the result of the post-test mean was higher (14,4%) than the pre-test rate (12,1%) with a significant difference (P=0.000).

Knowledge of pregnancy care behaviors, complications, and urgent maternal warning signs up to one year postpartum among Georgia residents

ObjectivesMaternal mortality in the U.S. continues to increase, and the State of Georgia has one of the highest maternal mortality rates among the 50 states at 33.9 deaths per 100,000 live births, disproportionately affecting Black and rural populations. This study sought to ascertain knowledge of adults living in Georgia about proper pregnancy care behaviors and their ability to identify warning signs and symptoms (WSS) of life-threatening complications during pregnancy and up to 1-year postpartum.MethodsIn 2022, using a cross-sectional study design, a questionnaire including items from validated instruments was distributed to adults residing in Georgia through social media and email. Questions were grouped into categories: total pregnancy knowledge, general pregnancy care behaviors, and pregnancy and postpartum WSS. Based on correct answer choices, scores were created for each of the four categories and compared by gender, age, education, race, and ethnicity using multiple linear regressions.ResultsParticipants (n = 588) ranged from 18 to 76 years old and were primarily female (80%). The vast majority (83.3%) failed to identify important pregnancy care behaviors. More than half of all participants were unable to recognize pregnancy and postpartum WSS of complications, 52% and 56% respectively. Male, Black, and Hispanic self-identified adults exhibited lower recognition of pregnancy care behaviors and WSS of pregnancy and postpartum complications, relative to other genders, races, and ethnic groups, respectively (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis research identified important gaps in maternal health knowledge among adults living in the State of Georgia, highlighting specific opportunities for intervention and offering evidence-based information that can help improve health literacy for better maternal outcomes.

Rationality of soybean farmers: the findings from rainfed field agroecosystems

Purpose. This research aims to examine the factors that influence the rationality and income of soybean farmers, especially in rain fed field agroecosystems. Methodology / approach. The research was designed quantitatively with a type of survey on 263 soybean farmers from a total population of 768 farmers spread across Jatiwaras and Pancatengah subdistricts, Tasikmalaya Regency, which is one of the centres for soybean development in West Java, Indonesia. The determination of the farmer sample was carried out proportionally randomly using the Slovin formula with an error rate of 5 %. The data analysed is primary data obtained directly from farmers using a questionnaire with a Likert scale consisting of 5 answer choices. The analytical tool used is Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS to determine the influence between variables. Results. The research results show that: (1) Farmer characteristics have a significant positive relationship with farmer motivation. These characteristics are a strong driving force to increase their motivation in soybean farming to be even better in an effort to increase their income; (2) Farmer characteristics have a significant positive effect on farmer rationality. The older the age, the higher the education, and the greater the burden of responsibility borne by the farmers’ family, the more rational they consider soybean cultivation to be, which means that they will be more cautious in growing soybeans to minimise the risk of losses they may incur; (3) Farmer motivation has a significant positive effect on farmer rationality. The stronger farmers’ motivation in soybeans farming, the more rational it makes them in thinking about farming as well as possible; (4) Farmer rationality has a significant positive effect on income. The more rational the thinking of farmers in soybean farming, in the sense that they can effectively use social networks, efficiently grow soybeans and adopt technology, the more they can increase production, which ultimately increases income. Originality / scientific novelty. This study focuses more on the rationality of smallholder farmers in Indonesia, who have many structural disadvantages, such as limited land ownership, average age of farmers, low education level and many family responsibilities, which are constraints to soybean farming; how smallholder farmers are related to motivation in soybean farming and whether this farmers’ rationality can increase their income, while several previous studies only discussed farmers’ rationality without considering socioeconomic factors, especially smallholder farmers. Practical value / implications. This research provides evidence that there is a relationship between farmer characteristics and motivation which has a significant effect on farmer rationality so that in the end it can increase income. The results of this research have implications for government policies in efforts to increase farmers’ income by increasing their capacity through intensive and sustainable agricultural extension activities. The existence of more intensive and sustainable agricultural extension activities can increase the knowledge and insight of small farmers in soybean farming, which in turn can motivate farmers to think and act more rationally so that they can better optimise all the resources they have.

Comparison of Gemini Advanced and ChatGPT 4.0's Performances on the Ophthalmology Resident Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) Examination Review Question Banks.

Background With advancements in natural language processing, tools such as Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformers (ChatGPT) version 4.0 and Google Bard's Gemini Advanced are being increasingly evaluated for their potential in various medical applications. The objective of this study was to systematically assess the performance of these language learning models (LLMs) on both image and non-image-based questions within the specialized field of Ophthalmology. We used a review question bank for the Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) used by ophthalmology residents nationally to prepare for the Ophthalmology Board Exam to assess the accuracy and performance of ChatGPT and Gemini Advanced. Methodology A total of 260 randomly generated multiple-choice questions from the OphthoQuestions question bank were run through ChatGPT and Gemini Advanced. A simulated 260-question OKAP examination was created at random from the bank. Question-specific data were analyzed, including overall percent correct, subspecialty accuracy, whether the question was "high yield," difficulty (1-4), and question type (e.g., image, text). To compare the performance of ChatGPT-4 and Gemini on the difficulty of questions, we utilized the standard deviation of user answer choices to determine question difficulty. In this study, a statistical analysis of Google Sheets was conducted using two-tailed t-tests with unequal variance to compare the performance of ChatGPT-4.0 and Google's Gemini Advanced across various question types, subspecialties, and difficulty levels. Results In total, 259 of the 260 questions were included in the study as one question used a video that any form of ChatGPT could not interpret as of May 1, 2024. For text-only questions, ChatGPT-4.0.0 correctly answered 57.14% (148/259, p < 0.018), and Gemini Advanced correctly answered 46.72% (121/259, p < 0.018). Both versions answered most questions without a prompt and would have received a below-average score on the OKAP. Moreover, there were 27 questions utilizing a secondary prompt in ChatGPT-4.0 compared to 67 questions in Gemini Advanced. ChatGPT-4.0 performed 68.99% on easier questions (<2 on a scale from 1-4) and 44.96% on harder questions (>2 on a scale from 1-4). On the other hand, Gemini Advanced performed 49.61% on easier questions (<2 on a scale from 1-4) and 44.19% on harder questions (>2 on a scale from 1-4). There was a statistically significant difference in accuracy between ChatGPT-4.0 and Gemini Advanced for easy (p < 0.0015) but not for hard (p < 0.55) questions. For image-only questions, ChatGPT-4.0 correctly answered 39.58% (19/48, p < 0.013), and Gemini Advanced correctly answered 33.33% (16/48, p < 0.022), resulting in a statistically insignificant difference in accuracy between ChatGPT-4.0 and Gemini Advanced (p < 0.530). A comparison against text-only and image-based questions demonstrated a statistically significant difference in accuracy for both ChatGPT-4.0 (p < 0.013) and Gemini Advanced (p < 0.022). Conclusions This study provides evidence that ChatGPT-4.0 performs better on the OKAP-style exams and is improved compared to Gemini Advanced within the context of ophthalmic multiple-choice questions. This may show an opportunity for increased worth for ChatGPT in ophthalmic medical education. While showing promise within medical education, caution should be used as a more detailed evaluation of reliability is needed.

Computer Vision Meets Large Language Models: Performance of ChatGPT 4.0 on Dermatology Boards-Style Practice Questions

Background: ChatGPT is a generative artificial intelligence that has numerous professional applications. Applications in medical education are currently being explored. ChatGPT 4.0 performance on image-based dermatology boards-style practice questions has not been assessed. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy with which ChatGPT can answer dermatology boards examination practice questions. Methods: 150 multiple-choice questions from the popular question bank DermQbank were inputted into ChatGPT. Of these, 83 were text-only questions and 67 had associated images. These same questions were inputted into ChatGPT again in July 2024. An additional 150 questions were inputted for a total of 300 different questions where 169 were text-only and 133 had associated images. Results: Of the aggregate 300 question data, ChatGPT answered 232 questions correctly (77.3%). ChatGPT performed significantly better with text-only questions than with questions that included images (85.2% (144/169) vs 67.7% (90/133), P&lt;.001). Of image-based questions, ChatGPT performed better with clinical image questions than with dermatopathology questions (69.0% (78/133) vs. 58.8% (10/17), P=.40), but this difference was not statistically significant partially due to the sample size of the dermatopathology questions. Compared to post-graduate year 4 (PGY-4) residents, ChatGPT performed above the 46th percentile. ChatGPT agreed with the answer choice picked by the majority of question bank users 75.3% of the time. Multivariable regression demonstrated that significant predictive variables for ChatGPT answering a question correctly included the percent of dermatology trainees who answered a question correctly and whether the question was text-based (P&lt;.001and P=.004, respectively). Conclusions: ChatGPT answered 77.3% of dermatology board examination practice questions correctly, performing above the 46th percentile of PGY-4 question bank users. If using ChatGPT as a study resource for dermatology board examination preparation, residents should be judicious with exactly how they employ ChatGPT to avoid learning incorrect information.

Pengaruh Kompetensi Profesional Guru terhadap Prestasi Belajar Peserta Didik di SMP Islam Al Ulum Terpadu Medan

This research aims to determine the professional competence of teachers on student learning achievement at Al-Ulum Terpadu Islamic Middle School, Medan. This research uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive method using a questionnaire as a data collection instrument. The population in this study was 32 teachers, so the sample size in this study was 32 teachers, because the population was less than 100, based on Suharsimi Arikunto's opinion, the entire population was used (population study). The main data collection technique uses a 5 Likert scale answer choice form. Data is analyzed using simple linear regression to test the research hypothesis. Based on the data processing carried out, statistical testing resulted in Ho being rejected and Ha being accepted, which explains that there is an influence of teacher professional competence on student learning achievement. This is obtained from the results of the F test which shows Fcount is 19.072 and Ftable = (k-1; nk) namely (2-1; 32-2) = (1;30) = 4.17, so the value of Fcount &gt; Ftable is 19.072 &gt; 4.17 with a sig value. 0.001 &lt; 0.05 which means there is an influence of teacher professional competence on student learning achievement in the F statistical significance test. Apart from that, a simple linear regression test was carried out to obtain the regression equation Y' = 105.683 – 1.44 1.44. However, if the teacher's professional competency value is 105.683 when X is 0, then student learning achievement will decrease by 0.144 for every one unit increase in %. Meanwhile, the remaining 61.1% is explained by other variables not studied.

Special Issue on Informatics Education: ChatGPT Performs Worse on USMLE-Style Ethics Questions Compared to Medical Knowledge Questions.

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of the Large Language Model ChatGPT to accurately answer USMLE board style medical ethics questions compared to medical knowledge based questions. This study has the additional objectives of comparing the overall accuracy of GPT-3.5 to GPT-4 and to assess the variability of responses given by each version. Using AMBOSS, a third party USMLE Step Exam test prep service, we selected one group of 27 medical ethics questions and a second group of 27 medical knowledge questions matched on question difficulty for medical students. We ran 30 trials asking these questions on GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, and recorded the output. A random-effects linear probability regression model evaluated accuracy, and a Shannon entropy calculation evaluated response variation. Both versions of ChatGPT demonstrated a worse performance on medical ethics questions compared to medical knowledge questions. GPT-4 performed 18% points (P < 0.05) worse on medical ethics questions compared to medical knowledge questions and GPT-3.5 performed 7% points (P = 0.41) worse. GPT-4 outperformed GPT-3.5 by 22% points (P < 0.001) on medical ethics and 33% points (P < 0.001) on medical knowledge. GPT-4 also exhibited an overall lower Shannon entropy for medical ethics and medical knowledge questions (0.21 and 0.11, respectively) than GPT-3.5 (0.59 and 0.55) which indicates lower variability in response. Both versions of ChatGPT performed more poorly on medical ethics questions compared to medical knowledge questions. GPT-4 significantly outperformed GPT-3.5 on overall accuracy and exhibited a significantly lower response variability in answer choices. This underscores the need for ongoing assessment of ChatGPT versions for medical education. ChatGPT, Large Language Model, Artificial Intelligence, Medical Education, USMLE, Ethics.

Pengaruh Kompetensi Manajerial Kepala Sekolah terhadap Kinerja Guru di SMP Islam Al-Ulum Terpadu Medan

This research aims to determine the influence of the managerial competence of school principals at Al-Ulum Integrated Islamic Middle School in Medan. This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive methods using a questionnaire as a data collection instrument. The population in this study was 30 teachers, so the sample size in this study was 30 teachers, because the population was less than 100, based on Suharsimi Arikunto opinion, the entire population was used (population study). The main data collection technique uses a 5 Likert scale answer choice form. Data is analyzed using simple linear regression to test the research hypothesis. Based on the data processing carried out statistical testing resulted in Ho being rejected and Ha being accepted, which explains that there is an influence of the principal's managerial competence on teacher performance. This is obtained from the result of the Pearson correlation test which shows that the value is 0.512 &gt; tubel 0.361 and the results of the simple linear regression test produce contribution Y’ = 100.242 + 0.322 X, so the results of this test explain that there is a correlation between the managerial comptence of school principals and teacher performance.apart from that, tests are carried out T-test which produced a t-count of 3.157 &gt; t-table, namely 2.048, with a significance value of 0.004 &lt; 5% (0.05). The results in the ANOVA table also support the acceptance of Ha, where the sig. 0.004 &lt; alpha value or 0.05. So, the hypothesis simultaneously proves that there is a significant influence between the managerial competence of school principals on teacher performance. Calculation of the coefficient of determination shows that the principal's managerial competency variable is able to explain the student learning achievement variable by 26,2%. Meanwhile, the remaining 73.8% is explained by other variables not studied. From the results of these calculations, it can be concluded that there is an influence between the principal's managerial competence on teacher performance at Al-Ulum Terpadu Islamic Middle School, Medan. This influence can be seen from the school principal in making a defined plan, making decisions, organizing the resources they have, and carrying out evaluations to improve teacher performance.

How the role of digital leadership and public service reform on bureaucratic revitalization? An empirical study of e-government implementation

This research investigates the relationship between the variables of public service reform (PSR) and bureaucratic revitalization and the relationship between digital leadership (DL) and bureaucratic revitalization. The research method used in this research is quantitative survey research which aims to determine the relationship between two or more variables. The research method for this research is quantitative associative, the population of this study is senior immigration officers. The data analysis method uses structural equation modeling (SEM) partial least squares (PLS), the respondents for this study were 634 senior immigration office employees who were determined using the simple random sampling method—non probability sampling, the questionnaire was designed to contain statement items using a 7 point Likert scale. A closed questionnaire is a list of questions or statements that are equipped with multiple answer choices expressed in scale form. The Likert scale used in this research is (1) strongly disagree, (2) disagree, (3) quite disagree, (4) neutral, (5) quite agree, (6) agree, (7) strongly agree. Data processing in this research used SmartPLS software. The independent variables of this research are digital leadership and public service reform and the dependent variable is bureaucratic revitalization. The stages of data analysis in this research are the outer model test which includes convergent validity, discriminant validity and composite reliability as well as inner model analysis, namely hypothesis testing. The results of this research show that public service reform has a positive and significant relationship to bureaucratic revitalization and digital leadership has a positive and significant relationship to bureaucratic revitalization. This research implies that leaders focus on engaging, using, and handling the uncertainty of emerging technologies, digital tools, and data, leaders to support bureaucratic revitalization, the immigration department must implement digital leadership, immigration leaders should encourage the use of digital platforms in their organizations, support and facilitate digital transformation. The immigration department should increase the revitalization of the bureaucracy, the immigration department should carry out public service reforms. Public services are to be good if they fulfill several principles of public interest, legal certainty, equal rights, balance of rights and obligations, professionalism, participativeness, equality of treatment/non-discrimination, openness, accountability, facilities and special treatment for vulnerable groups, timeliness, speed, convenience and affordability.

Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Dan Citra Merk Terhadap Sikap Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Loyalitas Pembelian Produk Sepatu Bata Di Toko Cabang Mall Paragon Semarang

This study aims to analyze and describe the effect of product quality and brand image on consumer attitudes and the effect of consumer attitudes on product purchase loyalty at Bata Shoe Store Mall Paragon Semarang. This research is a type of descriptive quantitative research. This research is a type of descriptive quantitative research. The data collection technique in this study was a questionnaire which was prepared by reducing several aspects related to the research variables. The data collection tool in this study refers to the Likert Scale. Each statement item provides alternative answer choices prepared based on the Likert Scale with a range of five scales (1 to 5) which describe the level of conditions, namely certain categories that represent the respondent's answer choices. Research variables include independent variables consisting of product quality (X1) and brand image (X2), while the dependent variables in this study are consumer attitudes (Y1) and purchase loyalty (Y2). The data instrument test in this study uses validity and reliability tests. Model testing is done with the coefficient of determination test and the F test. Hypothesis testing uses a partial significance test or t test with the help of the SPSS application. The research findings are (1) Product quality has a significant effect on consumer attitudes (2) Brand image has a significant effect on consumer attitudes. (3) Consumer attitudes have a significant effect on loyalty.

Relationship Between Complications and Readmissions in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Aceh, Indonesia

Introduction: Complications in diabetes mellitus patients are among the causes of hospital readmissions. Readmissions negatively impact patients’ quality of life and increase health and care costs. This study aims to explore the relationship between complications and readmissions in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: A correlational study was utilized with a cross-sectional design. A total of 184 readmission patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected as the sample using the accidental sampling technique. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of the Diabetes Early Readmission Risk Indicators (DERRI™) and the Readmission Questionnaire providing 4 answer choices, i.e. ≤ 30 days; &gt; 30–60 days; &gt; 60–90 days; and &gt; 90 days. The Chi-square test was employed for data analysis. Results: Of all respondents, the majority are in late adulthood (50-61 years), totaling 70 individuals (38.0%) with a mean age of 57.3 years; 111 individuals (60.3%) are male; 99 (53.8%) have completed elementary education; 102 (55.4%) work as farmers/laborers/fishermen; and 67 (36.4%) use Humalog as their insulin. Moreover, 69 respondents (37.5%) have experienced the third readmission, which is the highest number of readmissions. The bivariate analysis reveal that there is a significant relationship between complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus and patient readmission (p=0.000). Conclusion: The findings demonstrate complications as a factor associated with readmissions of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The complications leading to the readmissions include hypoglycemia, hypertension, heart problems, kidney problems, diabetic ulcers, and strokes. Also, age contributes as a factor increasing the readmission risk of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results emphasize the need to re-evaluate health service strategies and nursing interventions by providing effective discharge planning to prevent complications or reduce readmissions in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMAHAMAN KONSEP TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH PADA MATERI TEOREMA PYTHAGORAS

This study aims to describe how the influence of conceptual understanding on the problem solving abilities of class VIII students at MTs Negeri 6 Pasuruan, on the Pythagorean theorem material. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with 3 research sample, which were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used was a conceptual understanding questionnaire which contained 5 descriptive questions and 5 statements with correct, doubtful and false answer choices to determine the research sample. Then a problem solving test according to the Polya problem solving steps as many as 2 description questions. The results of the study showed that students with high conceptual understanding had good problem solving abilities and did not experience difficulties and did problem solving according to Polya’s steps. Students with moderate understanding of concepts have good abilities but experience difficulties in solving problems and according to Polya steps. Whereas students with low conceptual understanding have poor problem-solving abilities, so they experience difficulties and do not solve problems according to Polya’s steps.

Evaluating the Quality of Examination Items From the Pathophysiology, Drug Action, and Therapeutics Course Series

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of item-writing flaws and cognitive level on student performance metrics in 1 course series across 2 semesters at a single institution. MethodsFour investigators reviewed 928 multiple-choice items from an integrated therapeutics course series. Differences in performance metrics were examined between flawed and standard items, flawed stems and flawed answer choices, and cognitive levels. ResultsReviewers found that 80% of the items were flawed, with the most common types being implausible distractors and unfocused stems. Flawed items were generally easier than standard ones, but the type of flaw significantly impacted the difficulty. Items with flawed stems had the same difficulty as standard items; however, those with flawed answer choices were significantly easier. Most items tested lower-level skills and have more flaws than higher-level items. There was no significant difference in difficulty between lower- and higher-level cognitive items, and higher-level items were more likely to have answer flaws than item flaws. ConclusionItem-writing flaws differently impact student performance. Implausible distractors artificially lower the difficulty of questions, even those designed to assess higher-level skills. This effect contributes to a lack of significant difference in difficulty between higher- and lower-level items. Unfocused stems, on the other hand, likely increase confusion and hinder performance, regardless of the question’s cognitive complexity.

Kahoot!-assisted Quiz Team: Promoting Students’ Interest in Learning English

Students’ interest in learning is believed to affect their learning readiness and achievement. Considering the importance of learning interests, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of combining Quiz Team and Kahoot! to promote students’ learning interests, especially in learning English. This study implemented a quasi-experimental design, especially a nonrandomized control group pretest-posttest design. Forty-four junior high school students were involved as the participants of the study in experimental and control classes. A questionnaire on students’ English learning interests was used to collect the data. The questionnaire consisted of twenty-five items with five answer choices in Likert scales. The data collected were analyzed by using Mann-Whitney U test. The result of the data analysis showed the Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value was .000 which indicated a significant difference on English learning interest between students in the experimental class, who were taught by using Kahoot!-assisted quiz team, and the control class, who were not. Further results also showed that the mean rank of English learning interest of students in the experimental class exceeded those in the control class (31.57 compared to 14.22).