Anopheles Pseudopunctipennis Research Articles

The Biology of Microvelia Capitata Guerin, 1857, in the Panama Canal Zone and Its Role as a Predator on Anopheline Larvae1 (Veliidae: Hemiptera)

In the course of studies on malarial vectors in the Panama Canal Zone, attention was directed during the dry season to Anopheles pseudopunctipennis pseudopunctipennis Theobald. The dry season on the Pacific side of the Isthmus of Panama lasts from about the middle of December to the middle of April. During this period only a negligible rainfall occurs and the countryside becomes very dry with the streams either drying up completely or flowing at an extremely slow rate. For example, the Rio Cardenas, along the Chiva Chiva Trail, about four miles from Balboa Heights, was reduced to a trickle, and its sunny pools, became covered with green algae. It was in the still sunny pools associated with the algae that Anopheles pseudopunctipennis pseudopunctipennis Theobald was found abundantly. In this same habitat, running over the surface of the water and algae were great numbers of the tiny veliid, Microvelia capitata Guerin. Their cast skins were to be seen everywhere on the water and algae. That the Microvelia were feeding upon the Anopheline larvae was strongly suggested by this association. A number of collecting trips were made during March, 1945, to collect these small Hemiptera and to study their feeding habits in the laboratory.

Anopheles Punctimacula D. & K. as the Vector of Malaria in Medellín, Colombia, South America 1,2

Summary 1. As a result of a survey of 3,377 bloods and 3,005 spleens in the Medellín-Itagüi area of Antioquia, Colombia, 8 per cent of the bloods of school children, and 11 per cent of the bloods of persons examined from all age groups in their homes, had plasmodia, and 25 per cent and 28 per cent, respectively, of the spleens examined among the same groups were enlarged. 2. Plasmodium vivax was the only parasite which was encountered in significant numbers, although in a few bloods, P. falciparum was found. 3. Anopheles argyritarsis, Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, Anopheles eiseni, and Anopheles punctimacula were the only anophelines found in the area during 16 months of study. 4. Anopheles punctimacula was the only species which frequented human habitation, and also the only one found to be naturally infected. 5. It is of importance in the planning of control work that this species was found in breeding places far removed from wooded land, in urban water holes fully exposed to the sun.

Anopheles Pseudopunctipennis, Theobald, a Vector of Malaria in Mexico

Summary and ConclusionsThe conclusion of Hoffmann (13) that Anopheles pseudopunctipennis is a vector of malaria is confirmed by our observations in Temixco, Morelos, Mexico where the malaria incidence is high in a rice growing region and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis the only mosquito of any importance. It reached a high density, entered homes readily, showed a relatively high preference for human blood, could be infected experimentally and was found infected in nature. Before concluding however (Hoffmann 13) that it is an important vector in all the higher plateaus where it is found with a much higher proportion of Anopheles aztecus, or in the coastal regions where it is found with Anopheles albinanus and apparently not often in as high a density as in the region we studied, we believe that further studies are indicated.

On the Susceptibility of a Neotropical Anopheles Pseudopunctipennis, Theobald, 1901, to Nearctic and Neotropical Strains of Plasmodium Falciparum 1

"On the Susceptibility of a Neotropical Anopheles Pseudopunctipennis, Theobald, 1901, to Nearctic and Neotropical Strains of Plasmodium Falciparum" published on Jul 1939 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

The Relative Importance of Anopheles Tarsimaculatus, Anopheles Argyritarsis, and Anopheles Pseudopunctipennis as Vectors of Malaria in the Windward Group of the West Indies 1

DISTRIBUTION OF MALARIA IN GRENADA Grenada is a small mountainous island with a population of about 80,000, the majority of whom are Negroes. All of the towns are situated on the coast, and the rural areas most heavily populated are not more than 2 miles back from the seashore. In 1929 Root and Andrews (1) in a malaria survey examined approximately 6,000 school children from all parts of the island and found a spleen index of 12.3 per cent and a parasite index of 5.1 per cent. Of the positive blood smears, 42.4 per cent were diagnosed as benign tertian, 43.8 per cent as malignant tertian, 11.2 per cent as quartan, and 2.6 per cent as mixed. The disease was found to be restricted almost entirely to the villages and the rural population on or very near the coast.

Anopheles (Anopheles) Punctimacula Naturally Infected with Malaria Plasmodia

It is the purpose of this note to report the finding of malaria plasmodia in a naturally infected specimen of Anopheles (Anopheles) punctimacula Dyar and Knab, 1906, which mosquito has also been known as Anopheles strigimacula Dyar and Knab, 1906, and Anopheles malefactor Dyar and Knab, 1906.Since August, 1935, the author has coöperated with Dr. D. P. Curry, Assistant Chief Health Officer of The Panama Canal, in a general study of the malaria situation at Fort Sherman, C. Z., where the incidence of this disease has always been unusually high. As a part of this study, dissections and microscopic examinations have been made routinely of adult mosquitoes collected each week by Mr. C. H. Bath, Sanitary Inspector and his assistants, in various sleeping quarters on the Fort Sherman reservation. To date the results of these examinations have been as follows: Anopheles albimanus, 101 examined, all negative; Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, 1 examined, negative; Anopheles punctimacula, 6 examined, 5 negative and 1 positive for malaria oöcysts containing sporozoites.

OBSERVATIONS ON ANOPHELES PSEUDOPUNCTIPENNIS IN PERU*

Journal Article OBSERVATIONS ON ANOPHELES PSEUDOPUNCTIPENNIS IN PERU Get access RAYMOND C. SHANNON RAYMOND C. SHANNON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 12, Issue 2, 1 September 1930, Pages 442–448, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115277 Published: 01 September 1930 Article history Received: 28 May 1930 Published: 01 September 1930

The Blood Feeding Habits of Anopheles Pseudopunctipennis in Northern Argentina

Summary and ConclusionsExamination of ingested blood by the precipitin reaction has shown that Anopheles pseudopunctipennis captured in the houses of two localities in the Province of Tucumán, Argentina, had fed on various hosts in the following proportions: man, 50 per cent; dog, 21.8 per cent; horse, 8.9 per cent; sheep or goat, 6.2 per cent; cow, 5.5 per cent; chicken, 3.2 per cent; hog, 2.5 per cent; cat 1.8 per cent. Man and dog being essentially house-dwellers at night, the results demonstrate a very high domesticity for the insect.Ever since the work of Paterson (4) in 1911, it has been recognized that A. pseudopunctipennis is the most dangerous malaria transmitter in Northern Argentina. Our work furnishes additional evidence against this species.

Anopheles Pseudopunctipennis as a Malaria Transmitter in Northern Argentine Republic

Summary and Conclusions In certain localities in the Province of Tucuman, Argentine Republic, it was shown that the most prevalent anopheline mosquito during the summer of 1926 was A. pseudopunctipennis; its greatest concentration immediately antedated the peak of the epidemic malaria season; house captures of anopheles showed over 99 per cent of this species; 2.8 per cent of 435 specimens dissected proved positive for malarial parasites. It is thought that this species was solely responsible for malaria transmission in the region studied.