Anonymous Editor Research Articles

“Spectatissimo, Eruditione & Pietate, Insigno Viro”: Abraham Rogerius, the Open-Deure, and the Identity of A.W. JCtus

Abstract In 1643, a manuscript was sent from Batavia to Amsterdam. It described in vivid detail a world virtually unknown to the West, that of South-Indian Hinduism, taken from the words of local Brahmins and drawn up by VOC minister Abraham Rogerius. It was not until 1651 that De Open-Deure tot het Verborgen Heydendom appeared from the presses of the Leiden printing house of François Hackius. By then, its author had died, and circumstances regarding the actual publication are shrouded in mystery. This is also true about the life of Abraham Rogerius and the identity of the Open-Deure’s anonymous editor, A.W. JCtus. Traditionally associated with the Polish Socinian theologian Andreas Wissowatius, A.W’s annotations added a wealth of scholarly detail to Rogerius plain narrative. In this paper, I greatly expand upon the existing biographies of Rogerius and draw lines between the various actors involved with the eventual publication of his writings. I provide a fresh insight into the editorial history and afterlife of the Open-Deure, showing that there are in fact two different editions that diverge at key points. Moreover, I demonstrate that the elusive A.W. JCtus is most certainly not Wissowatius, but instead the Leiden lawyer and politician Arnoldus Wittens.

Об одной драматургической маргиналии 1920-х годов

The paper analyzes anonymous handwritten corrections in a copy of a propagandist play, “Darkness” (T’ma, 1927), by T. M. Martynov. The author suggests that the anonymous editor worked in the Nizhny Novgorod Krai’s Department of Public Education (Nizhkraiono), which was responsible for overseeing theatrical work. The author distinguishes factographic, stylistic and ideological emendations. The latter include the elimination of derogatory remarks about the main character (a peasant woman) in the speech of positive characters, as well as a radical change in the ending. In the new version, the heroine’s husband does not abandon her, but only threatens to do so unless she learns to read and write, and asks the village healers for help. The author concludes that the handwritten corrections corresponded to two key tenets of the epoch. According to the first one, the peasants were not as responsible for their ignorance as was the “old regime”, and thus their misdeeds deserved indulgence (this idea, in particular, was reflected in so called agitation trials). On the other hand, criticism of the backwardness of the Soviet countryside should be accompanied by demonstration of the peasantry’s transition to a new life; this idea can be observed in numerous guides for sel’kors (‘village correspondents’). Therefore, the corrections to the play smoothed out the critical angles of the original play and suggested its approximation to the current ideological attitudes.

„Hoc quidem iuris est” (Coll. 5.2.1.)

The Collatio Legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum, or “Collation of the Laws of Moses and the Romans”, is one of the most perplexing works of late antiquity: a law book compiled in the fourth or fifth century – the date of the work is still a matter of controversy – by an anonymous editor who wanted to show the similarity between laws of Moses and the Roman laws. Citing first laws from the Pentateuchus – especially from the books of Exodus, Leviticus, and Deuteronomy which he believed were written by Moses – the anonymous Collator then compared corresponding passages from Roman jurists and from Roman laws to form discussions on sixteen topics such as homicide, adultery, homosexuality, incest, and cruelty towards slaves. While earlier scholars wrestled with dating the Collatio, the religious identity of the Collator, and the purpose of the work, this paper suggests that the Collator may have been a Jew writing in Rome in an attempt to draw pagan lawyers to seeing the connections between the highly esteemed and very ancient laws of Moses, the famous legislator of the Jews whom he called as a priest, and the laws of classical Roman jurists, such as Paulus, Ulpianus, Modestinus, and Papinianus.

Asian American Female Composers and Digital Memory

Asian American Female Composers and Digital Memory

When Novels Were Books

When Novels Were Books

A Note on Contra Apionem 1.250: Further Evidence for Anti-Jewish Interpolation

Abstract This article makes the case that the citation of Manetho’s Aegyptiaca found within Josephus’ Contra Apionem 1.250 is the work of a later anti-Jewish interpolator. Within the passage is an unnoticed chiasm that artificially binds the description of Osarsiph/Moses there with the Osarsephos introduced earlier in C. Ap. 1.238–9. It further suggests that the reason a negative depiction of Moses is not more fully integrated into Manetho’s story is the result of the interpolator inferring Manetho’s negative evaluation of the Jews as a result of his negative evaluation of the Hyksos. Manetho is, in other words, not the father of Egyptian anti-Judaism, though an anonymous editor may well be.

Estilo literario y reflexión filosófica en el siglo XVIII: Hume y Rousseau sobre el suicidio

En el presente trabajo se realiza un estudio comparativo entre el ensayo Sobre el suicidio de Hume y las cartas XXI y XXII presentes en la tercera parte de Julia, o la nueva Eloísa de Rousseau, que fueron publicadas en conjunto por un editor anónimo en Inglaterra en 1783. Se analizan los argumentos presentes en cada uno de los textos, la disímil recepción que tuvieron por parte de los lectores de la época y las posibles fuentes compartidas. A partir de dicho estudio, se intenta mostrar cómo el estilo literario en el que están escritas estas obras, compartido por varios pensadores del siglo XVIII, se corresponde con la pretensión de generar un tipo de reflexión filosófica particular acorde con aquellos temas que no caen bajo el dominio de reglas generales.

Revision in the Manuscript Age: New Evidence of Early Versions of Ibn Ḥajar’s Fatḥ al-bārī

Revision in the Manuscript Age: New Evidence of Early Versions of Ibn Ḥajar’s <i>Fatḥ al-bārī</i>

Offshore Rayleigh group velocity observations of the South Island, New Zealand, from ambient noise data

We thank Captain and Crew of the R/V Thomas G. Thompson (cruise TN229), the R/V Roger Revelle (cruise RR1002), and the SIO OBSIP facility for expert assistance at sea. The OBS instruments used in this field program were provided by the U.S. National Ocean Bottom Seismic Instrumentation Pool (http://www.obsip.org). MOANA seismic data are archived at the IRIS Data Management Center. The collection of ocean bottom seismic data was funded by the National Science Foundation under grants EAR-0409564, EAR-0409609, and EAR-0409835. New Zealand onshore seismic data made available by the GeoNet project, sponsored by EQC, GNS Science, and LINZ. J. Stachnik acknowledges support from the CIRES postdoctoral fellowship program.. F.-C. Lin was supported by NSF grant CyberSEES- 1442665 and the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) under award OCRF-2014-CRG3- 2300. We thank Martha Savage, Dan Zietlow, Justin Ball, Craig Jones, Bill Fry, and Peter Molnar for valuable comments and discussion, and John Collins for leading the MOANA OBS experiment. We thank two anonymous reviewers and Editor Mike Ritzwoller for their constructive comments.

Examining potential mechanisms underlying the Wikipedia gender gap through a collaborative editing task

Research has identified a significant gender gap on the online encyclopedia, Wikipedia. The current research used a mixed experimental (type of feedback) and quasi-experimental (gender) design to examine the editing behaviors of college students during a public, collaborative editing task to identify potential factors underlying the Wikipedia gender gap. Overall, women edited more than men. However, in the editing condition most akin to Wikipedia, wherein female peer editors were underrepresented in the essay edits and feedback from peers was neutral, men trended towards adding more content than woman. Women added more content than men in this male-dominated essay condition when peer editors modeled constructive feedback. Although the type of edits from peer editors was counterbalanced, participants typically viewed an anonymous peer editor as male. Women viewed the anonymous editor as more critical of the participant's own work when compared with a gender-neutral peer editor. These results suggest that visible female editors on Wikipedia and broader encouragement of the use of constructive feedback may begin to alleviate the Wikipedia gender gap. Furthermore, the relatively high proportion of anonymous editors may exacerbate the Wikipedia gender gap, as anonymity may often be perceived as male and more critical.

Geoponika: The work of an anonymous editor

This paper deals with an anonymous editor as the real author of the Byzantine agricultural encyclopedia Geoponika. The first part of the paper provides a historical view of the origin and structure of Geoponika. Some of the authors whose works preceded Geoponika are given. Editor included some of their texts in the encyclopedia. The second part deals with the problem of determining the authorship of some of the works included in Geoponika. Many of these writers and their works are unknown to us today. Thanks to the editor?s work on Geoponika their texts are at least partially preserved. Finally, in the third part, the author pays attention to the text of the anonymous editor, which was included in the Geoponika and represents his contribution to the final designing of Geoponika. Through these texts, editor wanted to familiarize the readers with his personal experiences in agriculture. There are texts, comments, opinions, and conclusions throughout the entire encyclopedia. In this way, the editor wanted to present his suggestions for improving the agricultural production to those who are interested.

Increasing Racial Diversity in the Teacher Workforce: One University's Approach

The authors would like to thank Anthony Lane for his research assistance, Dr. Antoinette Mitchell for her insightful comments on an early draft of this paper, and the anonymous reviewers and editor for their invaluable feedback that further strengthened the manuscript.

Tarantinos texts that have been preserved in Palladius work ‘Opus Agriculturae’ and Agricultural encyclopedia: Geoponika

Tarantinos texts have left no small influence on economic thought in the agriculture of the Roman Empire and later the Byzantine Empire. Authors such as Palladius anonymous editors Geoponika was those who transmitted the ideas and solutions that tarantinos gave in their articles. His ideas are expressed in the texts of these authors are quoted integrally, or are recounted original solutions. In this way they extend the life of Tarantinos texts, which are now lost in the original. In Palladius work is three texts that relate to improving the taste and quality of olive oil. In Geoponika of fourteen heads, which are thought to have been taken from Tarantinos work. Theme head is varied. Texts relating to agriculture, viticulture and winemaking, cultivation of olive trees, the grafting and planting of fruit and flowers, and on fisheries. Studying Tarantinos these texts were published by the Palladius in his work ‘On agriculture’ in the original ‘Opus Agriculturae’ but in Geoponika we can conclude the following. If you werePalladius and anonymous editor Geoponika only known authors who have used the original Tarantinos work. Since we cannot have access to the original Tarantinoso work we cannot determine whether his work is directly quoted. Also we cannot determine the authenticity of some heads was the organizer Geoponika attributed tarantinos. Yet despite all that remained preserved some thoughts and ideas that tarantinos made in his lost work, primarily thanks to the Palladius and anonymous editors Geoponika.

Palaeobotany: Old but new stories on plant diversity

Palaeobotanical records can increase our understanding of how extant plant diversity is generated. For example, a fossil plant can serve as an intermediate between two extant plant species with very different forms and can be used to study morphological evolution. As a fossil plant may be important when estimating the divergence time of a specific evolutionary lineage, the identification of informative plant fossils could further improve our understanding of extant plants. Japanese palaeobotany started in 1877 when Hermann T. Geyler reported 12 Mesozoic plant fossils from the foot of Mt. Hakusan, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan (Geyler 1877). Subsequently, Alfred G. Nathorst published the first comprehensive report on Japanese Tertiary flora in 1883. He described 67 species from the Late Pliocene of Mogi, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki Prefecture (Nathorst 1883; see Tanai 1976 for details). These foundational studies on Japanese palaeoflora were conducted by European palaeobotanists, and it was in 1889 that Matajiro Yokoyama published the first palaeobotanical study by a Japanese scientist. He reported 49 species, including 11 new species from the Mesozoic strata distributed in Kaga, Hida, and Echizen (corresponding to the present Ishikawa, Gifu, and Fukui Prefectures, respectively: Yokoyama 1889). Since then, 1,203 species (12 Paleozoic, 379 Mesozoic, and 812 Cenozoic) have been established based on macrofossil specimens collected in Japan (for a summary up to 1999, see Uemura et al. 2002). The Journal of Plant Research (JPR), formerly the Botanical Magazine, Tokyo (BMT), has provided a platform for botany-based palaeobotanical studies (excluding geology-based studies). The first palaeobotanical note appeared in the miscellany of volume 2 (p. 17 of 1888), in which an anonymous editor provided a comment on the phylogenetic position of the Bennetitales by Graf zu Solms-Laubach. Later, Yasushi Suzuki reported permineralized conifers and fungi from the Cretaceous period of Hokkaido, Japan, as a new species (Suzuki 1910, BMT vol. 24). This was the first palaeobotanical article published in the JPR (BMT). By 2013, 72 palaeobotanical studies had been published, and 50 new macrofossil species (2 Paleozoic, 26 Mesozoic, and 22 Cenozoic) had been reported.

Schubert’s Drei Klavierstücke, D. 946, Nos. 1 and 2, and the Case of the Crossed-Out C Section

Schubert’s Drei Klavierstücke, D. 946 (c. 1828, pub. 1868), raise several questions regarding their compositional genesis and editorial processes. Most peculiar is Schubert’s omission of an entire C section in A♭ major of what was originally to be a five-part rondo form (A–B–A–C–A) in the first piano piece. Scholars have noted this revision, acknowledging Brahms’s role as the anonymous editor of these pieces. Yet why Schubert crossed out this entire section in the manuscript remains unanswered. Focusing on the first two Klavierstücke, since both occur within the same manuscript and are believed to have been written consecutively, this article explores some possible motivations for Schubert’s removal of the C section from the first piano piece. In particular, the article suggests that, even though the first two pieces originally shared a similar tonal and formal plan, Schubert’s treatment of mixture in the respective opening refrains may have caused him to opt instead for a three-part ternary form for the first piece and a five-part rondo form for the second. The article closes by comparing Schubert’s use of mixture in the first two piano pieces with that of several other works written by the composer around the same time.

Revising “Revision and Collapse”

Revising “Revision and Collapse” David LeGault (bio) Origins The idea for “Revision and Collapse” came from an experiment inspired by a history writing technologies course I was taking at the University of Minnesota. The class itself focused on imagined communities, the idea that communities exist only when individual people perceive themselves as belonging to them. For example, a person might identify themselves as American, or Christian, or as a fan of a sports team, although there are no specific qualifications or rules for belonging to any of these groups (in fact we argue all the time about who is American and who isn’t, whether your neighbor is a real fan or if he only cheers when a team is successful, etc.). Another, less-defined, community is that of Wikipedia: a group of dedicated users and their quest for objectivity, the staggering levels of work and research going into articles that can be (and usually are) undermined by less serious and anonymous users. Wikipedia has always been bizarre in a sense: we can’t ever take its content seriously because of the very democratic model it argues makes it credible. Because of its (justified or not) shortcomings as a credible source, dedicated members and moderators do everything they can to give the project legitimacy. In order for an article to be featured—basically meaning that it’s of an acceptable level of quality and legitimacy—the writing must be properly cited and objectively written, and cannot include any kind of original research. Basically they are looking for qualifiers that make their information seem credible, even when it isn’t because it’s so easily undermined by wiki-vandals (people who intentionally put false information into articles on the site). [End Page 119] Wikipedia’s qualifiers have shaped their own unique style, and I’m interested in the ways in which these qualifiers have shaped the website’s articles, the ways in which these qualifiers force the writer to make certain stylistic moves that they couldn’t (or wouldn’t) conceive of without the sense of restraint. We see this idea of formal restraint all the time in poetry: even a basic A-B-A-B rhyme scheme forces the poet to use very specific language, and she must get creative if she wants the poem not to sound grammatically awkward or rhythmically bunk. There isn’t as much of a tradition with formal constraint in prose—though admittedly, this is becoming more common all the time with essays like Dinty Moore’s Google Maps essay “Mr. Plimpton’s Revenge,” or Jenny Boully’s “The Body,” made entirely of footnotes to a text we cannot see. In any case, I wanted to write an essay that used the language and style of Wikipedia to tell a story of personal events. My research also got me thinking about the writer’s persona, particularly how that functions in an online setting like Wikipedia. Just like memoir, we read it differently depending on what we know about the author. We question the anonymous editor, but users like the wonderfully named “Essjay,” whose profile tells us he is a tenured professor of religion, will carry more weight because of their credentials. It doesn’t matter when the New Yorker discovers that he is in fact a 24-year-old, who may or may not have a college degree, as long as we believe in the persona. Before he was outed, Essjay could pretty much write whatever he wanted with impunity because he was such a pro at the Wikipedia model—using objective language, catching vandals, and revising more articles than just about anyone in the world. Citation should be key here; it should matter what sources a user includes—though this creates another paradox: Is it true simply because a source tells us it is so? When I started on this project, I would take random books and cite them as proof for my facts, though I never actually read anything. The books I chose couldn’t be accessed electronically, which meant that someone would have to actually read a book in order to prove me wrong. It’s too much work for most editors...

A Relacion de la Vitoria qve alcanzaron las Armas Catolicas en la Baia de Todos Santos, do Bispo D. Juan de Palafox y Mendoza

O presente artigo investiga a impressão, em 1638, da Relacion de la Vitoria qve Alcanzaron las Armas Catolicas en la Baia de Todos Santos contra Holandeses, no contexto do projeto do Conde-Duque de Olivares de manter Portugal integrado à coroa de Castela, no período em que a União Ibérica apresentava signifi cativos sinais de desgaste. Foi possível identifi car em Dom Juan de Palafox y Mendoza o anônimo redator da referida relação e relacioná-la ao debate historiográfi co em torno do Cerco da Bahia comandado pelo Conde João Maurício de Nassau-Siegen.

Edgar Allan Poe and Henry Neele's Literary Remains

EDGAR ALLAN Poe played fast and loose with his sources, often taking his literary material at second- or third-hand while pretending he had gone back to primary texts. His deliberate obfuscations have left many puzzles to unravel. Compiling The Brevities, a modern edition of the various sententiae Poe had published himself under such titles as ‘Pinakidia’ and ‘Marginalia’, Burton Pollin identified some of the Poe sources yet left many others unidentified.1The Literary Remains of the Late Henry Neele, one work that escaped Pollin’s attention, forms an important source for several items in ‘Pinakidia’ and influenced Poe’s other writings, as well. British poet Henry Neele published his first book of verse when he was eighteen. As the anonymous editor of Literary Remains observed, Neele’s father defrayed the expenses of publishing the book, having ‘the judgment to perceive, and the good taste to appreciate and encourage, the dawning genius of his Son’.2 Reading this remark, Poe could have recognized similarities and differences between Neele and himself. Like Neele, Poe had published his first book of verse at eighteen. Poe never received the kind of encouragement from his foster father John Allan that Neele had received from his father, however. Neele published additional collections of poetry and tales and, in 1827, delivered a series of lectures on English poetry in London, which let him demonstrate his critical acumen. But Neele’s promising literary career ended all too soon. On 7 February 1828, in a bout of insanity, Neele slit his own throat and perished.

Lucan's Bulls: A Problematic Simile at Bellum Civile 2.601-9I would like to express my gratitude for helpful suggestions and comments on this subject to Lauren Donovan, David Yates, the Lucan panel at the 2008 CAMWS in Tucson, especially Seán Easton and Angeline Chiu, andCJ's anonymous referees and editor, S. Douglas Olson.

Lucan's Bulls: A Problematic Simile at Bellum Civile 2.601-9I would like to express my gratitude for helpful suggestions and comments on this subject to Lauren Donovan, David Yates, the Lucan panel at the 2008 CAMWS in Tucson, especially Seán Easton and Angeline Chiu, and<i>CJ</i>'s anonymous referees and editor, S. Douglas Olson.

The Journalist and the Jurist

In the early days of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, a progressive Harvard Law professor and a conservative New York editorial page editor began a correspondence that lasted twenty years. The Democratic jurist and future Supreme Court Justice, Felix Frankfurter, had helped found the American Civil Liberties Union and the New Republic. His Republican journalistic cohort, Geoffrey Parsons, wrote for the New Deal's leading opponent, the New York Herald Tribune. Their correspondence reveals the evolution of a relationship between a journalist and a public figure and shows the mindset of the anonymous editor and the effect his editorial page had on an observer “not of his party.” In the correspondence, the law served as “the cohesive power of a free society” and a common bond between political adversaries.