Anonymous Contributions Research Articles

'This was something that happened to someone else' – an HIV positive dentist explains

In this article, prompted by the Editorial and Opinion piece in the October 21 issue of the BDJ (BDJ 2006; 201: 485, 497-499), the writer, an HIV positive GDP of 28 years experience, expresses graphically and cogently his experiences following his diagnosis in 2004 and the subsequent loss of his chosen occupation. In general the BDJ does not publish anonymous contributions, but in this case, for obvious reasons of confidentiality, we have chosen to do so, also in deference to the courage of this colleague in sharing his harrowing story.

P3092 産業保健メーリングリストにおける管理者経由匿名質問投稿の試み(一般演題:ポスター,地方の時代の産業保健,第79回日本産業衛生学会)

P3092 産業保健メーリングリストにおける管理者経由匿名質問投稿の試み(一般演題:ポスター,地方の時代の産業保健,第79回日本産業衛生学会)

Doing Proper Things for Improper Reasons: Spiritual Ambivalence in Major Barbara

Doing Proper Things For Improper Reasons: Spiritual Ambivalence In Major Barbara Frank C. Manista During the discussion of Undershaft's anonymous contribution of £5,000 to the Salvation Army, Lady Britomart condemns him as follows: "Thats Andrew all over. He never does a proper thing without giving an improper reason for it"; to which Cusins replies, "He convinced me that I have all my life been doing improper things for proper reasons." 1 In these statements, we have a key to understanding the themes at work in the play: that supposed opposites are often confused and intermingled, and more important to Andrew Undershaft and to our understanding the human condition, any decisions we make regarding what is proper or improper, good or evil, are fraught with doubt and ambivalence. Certainty, whether based on the authority of religion, government, or self, is always already lost. Institutional religions, however, impose a strict and overly simplistic reading of both ends of the certain–uncertain binary, an imposition that Shaw's Major Barbara deconstructs and denounces as either the perspective of a deceitful fool or the luxury of "a rich, strong, and safe life" (460). Of the many writers who expressed some form of dissatisfaction with the institutions that affected and reflected his time, Shaw is ostensibly vocal, yet profoundly ambivalent. A self-proclaimed atheist, he is harshly critical of religious beliefs in many of his best-known works, yet his own life reveals him to have been deeply fascinated by theology, particularly with the strength of people's religious convictions. In his short story, The Adventures of the Black Girl in Her Search for God, his eponymous title character is both searching for and dismantling religious systems and traditions in her misguided journey—acting literally on a missionary's command to "seek and ye shall find." In Major Barbara, Shaw presents a much more complex grappling with dogmatic religiosity and cultural atheism, underscoring an ideology that seems inherent to all of his major writings: human beings [End Page 100] require a purpose, indeed a kind of spiritualism, to be fully human, but that purpose is undermined by an orthodox rigidity that either enforces or rejects the spiritual. In Major Barbara, neither the Salvation Army version of faith that Barbara represents, nor the philosophical intellectualism of Cusins, nor the weak relativism of Lomax, nor the self-serving perspective of Undershaft provides a sufficient means for living fully. Oddly enough it is Undershaft who voices a problematic and vague, spiritual tenet: "There is only one true morality for every man; but every man has not the same true morality" (441). Focusing on this paradox, Major Barbara presents us with a new, interdependent, if unholy, trinity: Undershaft/Cusins/Barbara. None of them alone posits a complete portrait, but taken together their combination is much akin to Shaw's coupling of Jesus and Judas in Passion Play, as discussed in Charles A. Berst's "In the Beginning: The Poetic Genesis of Shaw's God." 2 In Major Barbara, however, Undershaft presents a much more complex, albeit ambivalent representation of morality than in the earlier play. Undershaft is not ambivalent or doubtful about the nature of religious beliefs or even about his own values. Instead, Undershaft's representation shows the necessity of living with multiple modes of valuation, some of which may appear exclusive. The value of the spiritual is ambiguously (and self-servingly) stated in Undershaft's thesis that every man has a different yet no less true morality. Much of the play is an indictment against religion at the same time that it shows religion's worth to human beings and society. As such, Major Barbara is a study of religiosity and spirituality, underscoring what Clayton Crockett argues in "Postmodernism and Its Secrets": "The true function of religion serves to support an open and honest endeavor of the intellect in its quest for knowledge and freedom. Secrecy must be opposed in religion, because...

3. Index of authors and anonymous contributions

3 . Index of authors and anonymous contributions This index includes all contributions, arranged by author. The few anonymous con- tributions are arranged by the fi rst word of the title (excluding articles). Contributions by an author are arranged as follows: 1 . Articles, in the order of publication; 2 . Articles written as fi rst author together with others. 3 . Cross-references to articles written together with another person as fi rst author; 4 . Book reviews [the B-numbers refer to the Index of book reviews]; 5 . Cross-references from one name form to another form. A + after

Unequal Partners: Charles Dickens, Wilkie Collins, and Victorian Authorship by Lillian Nayder (review)

Moreover, Collinsis the authorof three of the seven serialstreatedhere.Armadale, an unusualchoice for the Cornhill's readers,providesan interestingcomparisonwith the two domestic serialswhich ran concurrentlyin that periodical- Gaskell'sWives andDaughters and Trollope's TheClaverings. Nevertheless,alongsidethe concentration on All TheYearRound,this leads to something of an imbalance in the selection of novels and magazines for case study. Selection is, of course, always fraught with difficulty,and as the author recognizes , the modern scholar is faced with an almost overwhelming 'rich excess' of material (p. I67). Her term 'family magazine' embraces very disparatemagazines; the other two are the New Monthly Magazine(Wood's EastLynne) and OnceA Week (Braddon'sEleanor's Victory). It seems a pity, therefore,not to have castthe net a little more widely. Braddon'sown Belgravia, to which Wynne refers,not only delightedin the discourseof sensation, but exploited intertextualityto remarkableeffect. UNIVERSITYOF READING BARBARA ONSLOW UnequalPartners: Charles Dickens,WilkieCollins,and Victorian Authorship. By LILLIAN NAYDER. Ithaca, NY, and London: Cornell University Press, 2001. xiv + 221 pp. ?23.50. ISBN:0-80I4-3925-6. When, in 1873,FrederickChapman asked Wilkie Collins to identify his contributions to 'No Thoroughfare'(1867)that they might be omitted from futureeditionsof Dickens's work, he declared the task impossible and explained, 'We put the story together in the Swiss chalet at Gad's Hill, and we finished the Fourth Act side by side at two desks in his bedroom at Gad's Hill' (quoted p. 14).As Lillian Nayder's excellent study illustrates,this idyllic image of literary collaboration was Collins's invention, for such 'equityand partnership[...] was rarely,if ever, achieved'during his professional association with Dickens (p. 202). While they may have toiled together in Dickens's bedroom, it is clear, from Nayder's book, that they were uneasy bedfellows, and that the tensions between them manifested themselves not only in each man's private correspondence,but also in their writings. Nayder skilfullyobservesCollins'searly acceptance of his subordinateposition in relation to Dickens. Impressedby his mentor's success, Collins consented -albeit reluctantlyat times - to Dickens'scontrolof the overallmoral and politicaltone of their collaborativeproductions.Yet, as Collins'sconfidence grew, this subordination became increasinglyirksomeand he resentedthe 'confusionof authorship'between Dickens's works and his own which he saw as the implication of his anonymous contributions to Household Words(p. 32). Taking Collins's challenge to Dickens's authority as its startingpoint, Nayder's book aims to demonstrate 'how their collaborativeworksrepresentand reconfigurethe relationshipbetween the two men', while simultaneously following 'Collins's efforts to establish his autonomy as a novelist famous in his own right' (pp. 5-6). Examining their collaborationon 'The Wreck of the Golden Mary' (1856),TheFrozen Deep(I856-74), and 'The Lazy Tour of Two Idle Apprentices' (1857),as well as individual essays, and novels such as Collins's The Moonstone (i868) and Dickens's The Mystegyof EdwinDrood(1870), Nayder's analyses mark the significant differences in their attitudes to questions of gender, sexuality, class, and race, while her deft critical observation traces the shiftingbalance of their working relationship.The widening gulf between the two writersis particularlyevident on the matter of race, emerging most prominentlyin Moreover, Collinsis the authorof three of the seven serialstreatedhere.Armadale, an unusualchoice for the Cornhill's readers,providesan interestingcomparisonwith the two domestic serialswhich ran concurrentlyin that periodical- Gaskell'sWives andDaughters and Trollope's TheClaverings. Nevertheless,alongsidethe concentration on All TheYearRound,this leads to something of an imbalance in the selection of novels and magazines for case study. Selection is, of course, always fraught with difficulty,and as the author recognizes , the modern scholar is faced with an almost overwhelming 'rich excess' of material (p. I67). Her term 'family magazine' embraces very disparatemagazines; the other two are the New Monthly Magazine(Wood's EastLynne) and OnceA Week (Braddon'sEleanor's Victory). It seems a pity, therefore,not to have castthe net a little more widely. Braddon'sown Belgravia, to which Wynne refers,not only delightedin the discourseof sensation, but exploited intertextualityto remarkableeffect. UNIVERSITYOF READING BARBARA ONSLOW UnequalPartners: Charles Dickens,WilkieCollins,and Victorian Authorship. By LILLIAN NAYDER. Ithaca, NY, and London: Cornell University Press, 2001. xiv + 221 pp. ?23.50. ISBN:0-80I4-3925-6. When, in 1873,FrederickChapman asked Wilkie Collins to...

Performance-Based Reward Distribution Methods for Anonymous Decision-Making Groups

Research has shown that both the support of anonymity and the use of appropriate incentives can lead to improved group performance. Anonymity enables a more open discussion resulting in a more critical analysis of a problem. Rewards can motivate individuals to cooperate, giving them the incentive to share valuable information with the group. Unfortunately, these two mechanisms are both dependent on the ability to identify the contributor. Anonymity hides the identity of the contributor, while the support of individualized, performance-based rewards requires the rewarding agent to be able to determine the identity of the contributor. This contradictory requirement has prevented the simultaneous used of anonymity and performance-based rewards in decision making. Using group decision support systems as a basis, this work identifies procedures to simultaneously support participant anonymity and performance-based rewards. Mechanisms based on public key encryption technologies are presented which make it possible to distribute individual rewards to anonymous contributors, guarantee that only the contributor can claim a reward for her contribution, verify that a reward has been distributed, and be able to deliver this reward in such a way that the identity of the anonymous contributor is protected. This is accomplished without the rewarding agent ever knowing the identity of the recipient.

The Political Theory of William Pitt the Younger

Although the Younger Pitt was undoubtedly a pragmatic politician, the intellectual influences upon his political attitudes are worthy of analysis. Commencing with a reassessment of Pitt's relationship with his father, this article challenges the notion that Country Whig ideology provides the key to understanding his early career. On the contrary, it is argued that Pitt should be located within the tradition of Court Whiggery. The influence of Enlightenment thought is assessed, with particular emphasis upon the socio‐economic determinism of Montesquieu, the incisive rationalism of William Paley and David Hume, and the free‐trade economic theories of Adam Smith. As a case study, Pitt's anonymous contributions to the Anti‐Jacobin Review in 1797–8 are examined in the light of these and other influences. Such an approach provides a means of unravelling the paradoxical transformation of Pitt from the supposedly enthusiastic reformer of his youth into the reactionary icon of the French revolutionary era.

No Tyranny of Distance: The Reception of Publications on Australia in *The Athenaeum* 1828-1850

Periodicals of the 19th century comprehensively informed English readers about journeys to Australia as well as about travels and expeditions on the continent. How extensive British interest in such journeys and in general information about Australia was and how English journalists evaluated books about such journeys can be shown by an analysis of one of the leading weeklies. Among the many periodicals that shaped readers' opinions in every field of knowledge during the first half of the 19th century, The Athenaeum is especially suitable to an analysis of its 'Australian content', because the periodical was published regularly every week since 1828, its quality was generally recognised and it aimed at an educated middle-class readership. The anonymous contributors were intellectuals who shared the moral convictions of their age and whose political affiliations were on the liberal side.' The Athenaeum, called since June 1830 'Journal of English and Foreign Literature, Science and the Fine Arts', informed about the scientific societies, reviewed topical books about Australia, emigration guides and scientific monographs about the biology, zoology and geography of the continent, and at a later period also novels and poetry.

Materialism and history: Diderot and theHistoire des deux Indes

ABSTRACT In the last years of his life, Diderot made a large number of anonymous contributions to Raynal's widely read Histoire des deux Indes. The identification of these passages over the last thirty years has led to a view of Diderot's later political thought as being far more radical than had previously been supposed. But his contributions in general are notable for their pessimism about the situation in France and in Europe generally. In part this was due to his belief in a cyclical view of history, but it was also due to his bringing to his understanding of history the materialist, and resolutely non‐providential, view of nature which he had developed earlier.

Studies in Three Arnold Problems

It is more and more frequently said that we need a critical edition of Matthew Arnold's prose works. Not that a sense of this need is of recent origin. The late E. K. Brown made note of it more than twenty years ago in the Preface to his pioneering Studies in the Text of Matthew Arnold's Prose Works (Paris, 1935); and before that, though with a considerably different emphasis, J. Dover Wilson, in the Editor's Preface to his edition of Culture and Anarchy (Cambridge, 1932), had pointed up the “surprises” which lie in store for readers of the first edition of Arnold's “Essay in Political & Social Criticism” who have known the book only from texts which have incorporated the author's revisions for the second edition of 1875. We now have a fine critical edition of the poetry (ed. Tinker and Lowry, Oxford, 1950), and we are, I think, coming very near to the time when a critical and definitive edition of the prose will be possible. Unpublished letters are being turned up and printed, anonymous contributions are being identified, and we are learning more and more about the developmental history of Arnold's books. In the first part of this article, then, I wish to add some new information and a new speculation or two about the evolution and text of Arnold's major effort at social criticism, Culture and A narchy.

Anonymous contributors to N. & Q.

Anonymous contributors to N. & Q.

SIGNING BOOK REVIEWS

Whether or not it is true that Keats let himself ‘be snuffed out by an article’, the literary notoriety of the attacks on him in Blackwood's Magazine and the Quarterly Review a hundred and thirty years ago has ever since left editors and reviewers with a feeling of discomfort. The critics were anonymous. In some vigorous correspondence in the British Medical Journal two years ago on the question of signing book reviews a medical man once more asked the question ‘who killed John Keats?’ There was for medical men a two‐fold interest in this, because Keats studied medicine for six years, as an apprentice to a surgeon and as a student at Guy's and Thomas's. And the reviews in the two principal weekly medical journals in this country, the British Medical Journal and the Lancet, have always appeared as anonymous contributions. This, too, has long been the custom of the Journal of the American Medical Association, the principal weekly medical periodical in the United States. Last year, in the British Medical Journal, we broke the custom and the names of reviewers now appear at the foot of the notices they write.

Foreign Policy in the Dictionary of American History

T HE newly published Dictionary of American history, edited by James Truslow Adams and R. V. Coleman,' is an important contribution to American historiography. It is a notable example of co-operative scholarship, representing the composite endeavors of some one thousand contributors toward the approximately two million words, exclusive of index, in this five-volume enterprise. Of the thousand, Mr. Coleman writes: take the indefinite figure because we cannot be exact. Scores-and I am not exaggerating-of historians great and small dug up material which they generously gave to other people to use, or they checked articles which someone else had written, or they advised us as to the importance of certain articles -and their names do not appear anywhere. We owe a considerable bow to these anonymous contributors. The present study will ignore large portions of the Dictionary, inasmuch as the Journal of modern history is concerned only with the European and worldcommitments of the American people-in other words, with American foreign policy, which is here construed rather broadly to include not only the details of historical relations but also the political structure of our instrumentalities for foreign affairs and, to some extent, the economic factors dictating past and present policies. This field is broad and presents a criterion of the competence of the Dictionary to assemble, bit by bit, out of the chaos of the alphabet, the larger themes and the more detailed minutiae which, together, might constitute a history of American foreign relations, a treatise on the department of state, and an economic background for external contacts. Toward attaining such requirements, does the Dictionary meet approved standards in selection of contributors, distribution of content, and the general scope suggested by its title? Of necessity, the verdict on these points is arbitrary, the mere selection of topics being open to dispute, since much of our domestic history has implications for foreign policy, while various Indian treaties and other agreements that are technically of diplomatic import bear very questionably upon foreign policy as commonly understood. Having determined, more or less fallibly, which items should be included in the present study, one inquires what proportion of the total pagination falls, by either a narrow or a broad definition, within the designated field.

A Tribal Market in the Spanish Zone of Morocco

As far as I am aware, no complete detailed study has been made before of any tribal market in North-West Africa (Barbary States), and certainly not of any in Morocco.Ubach and Rackow give a few details of the organization and customs at such a market in Tódga (S.E. Morocco), and other workers such as Doutté, Michaux-Bellaire and Salmon, Montagne, Coon, and the anonymous contributors to the official French Government publication Villes et Tribus du Maroc give general descriptions and a few details. Further, Hanoteau and Letourneux, and Schurtz, make some generally applicable statements, while Westermarck gives accurate details of a considerable number of practices at, and beliefs concerning, different markets in different tribes of Morocco. But no previous worker has published a detailed study of any one market.

Jubilee Number of The Observatory

THE inception sixty years ago of a monthly magazine, The Observatory, familiar in its blue covers to astronomers the world over, is commemorated in a special number, No. 755, of April 1937. The magazine was founded in 1875 by Sir William Christie, who was then Astronomer Royal, and it has been carried on voluntarily ever since, without any monetary grants whatsoever towards its publication, by successive editors, mainly from the observatory staffs at Greenwich and at Cambridge. The present number includes three special articles. In the first, Sir Frank Dyson reviews “Sixty Years of Meridian Astronomy”; the second article is by Sir Arthur Eddington (himself one of the joint editors in 1913-19) who writes on “Interstellar Matter”; while the third is from a veteran contributor (editor, 1893-1912), Mr. H. P. Hollis, whose article deals with Airy's water telescope. A unique feature of the past which found an appreciative circle of readers was the monthly anonymous contributions “From An Oxford Notebook” by the late Prof. H. H. Turner; these notes ran without a break from 1894 until Turner's death in 1930. The current numbers of The Observatory carry on the useful work of providing a report of the discussions at the meetings of the Royal Astronomical Society (including Geophysical Discussions), in publishing articles by astronomers of international repute, and in airing views in the pages devoted to correspondence.

The vertical temperature gradients on the West Coast of Scotland and at Oxshott, Surrey

In a paper by Dr. Shaw and the author read before the Royal Society on May 14, 1903, an account of an investigation into the conditions of the upper air over the sea in the neighbourhood of Crinan, on the West Coast of Scotland, was given. Since that time two fresh series of observations in the same locality have been obtained, the results of which are now submitted. In each case observations of temperature and humidity were made by self-recording instruments sent up by means of one or more kites, which were flown from the deck of a steam vessel. Expenses. The expense has been met by a grant of £200 made by the Government Grant Committee, a grant of £50 made by the British Association at the Southport Meeting, and of £40 at the Cambridge Meeting; and also by an anonymous contribution of £25 by a Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society. These grants have not been used entirely for the observations at Crinan, but have afforded the means of carrying on experimental work at Oxshott; by them, too, apparatus for a separate investigation carried out by Mr. G. Simpson on the North Sea has been provided. For the observations at Crinan in 1903 a tug was hired, and the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, at the request of the Royal Society, kindly provided a very convenient vessel, H. M. S. “Seahorse,” for six weeks, commencing on June 19, 1904. The Meteorological Council lent the necessary instruments, and bore the expense of maintaining a base station during both summers. They also greatly assisted the work by sending a daily telegram with a forecast of the weather, and a statement of the magnitude of the barometric gradient.

Anonymous contributions to "N. & Q."

Anonymous contributions to "N. & Q."

Anonymous contributions to "N. & Q."

Anonymous contributions to "N. & Q."

Anonymous contributions to "N. & Q."

Anonymous contributions to "N. & Q."