Anonymous Comments Research Articles

Mordechai Z. Cohen. The Rule of Peshat: Jewish Constructions of the Plain Sense of Scripture and Their Christian and Muslim Contexts, 900–1270.

Mordechai Z. Cohen. <i>The Rule of Peshat: Jewish Constructions of the Plain Sense of Scripture and Their Christian and Muslim Contexts, 900–1270</i>.

Laughing at Architecture: Architectural Histories of Humour, Satire and Wit

Laughing at Architecture: Architectural Histories of Humour, Satire and Wit

Resident Perceptions of Faculty Behaviors Promoting Learner Operative Skills and Autonomy

To better understand the resident perceived faculty factors associated with the promotion of resident operative skill and autonomy DESIGN: Qualitative retrospective analysis utilizing anonymous open-ended comments from residents on department of surgery faculty teaching evaluations and cross references them to observed faculty entrustment scores SETTING: Single tertiary midwestern allopathic academic medical center using data obtained between January 2016-August 2019 PARTICIPANTS: Forty-six resident and fourteen faculty surgeons from general, plastic, thoracic, and vascular surgery sections. Themes of personal traits, the working environment created, and teaching techniques employed were identified across resident promoting attendings and resident limiting attendings. Promoting attendings employed preoperative goal setting, increased operative autonomy, and postoperative feedback while creating environments conducive to learning by promoting teamwork and collaboration. Alternatively, limiting attendings used more ineffective teaching techniques including micromanaging, lack of delegation, and treating residents as observers. Additionally, trainees described these operating room environments as stressful and strained. Qualitative analysis of resident teaching evaluations of attending surgeons highlights the importance of relationships between learner and teacher, the learning environment, and teaching techniques. Continuous professional development programs centered on entrustment and promoting behaviors have the potential to disseminate strategies to enhance educator skills among surgeons.

On the chronology of the Anonymous Commentary to Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos: Analysis of the astronomical evidence

In this paper, a proposal is made that the Anonymous Commentary to Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos (Anon. in Ptol.) was composed not before 467 and not after 575 AD. In establishing the terminus post quem and the terminus ante quem, the Author relies on astronomical data provided by the Anonymous himself in his commentary to Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos (=Ptol. Tetr.) II.10 (p. 76, ll. 16-29 Wolf). In this passage, he reports that his master completely succeeded in interpreting the appearance of a celestial beam (δοκός) as a sign of a great loss of trunks, after which a naval battle took place where many ships were sunk; moreover, the master of the anonymous commentator predicted that the comet would remain visible until the end of Mercury’s retrogradation, and so it happened. As will be seen below, it is possible to crosscheck all this data to obtain a precise date of the comet’s appearance: 467 AD, 1 year before the naval battle of Cape Bon (468 AD). These years are also consistent with the dating that can be obtained from one of the horoscopes transmitted by the anonymous commentary (p. 98 Wolf), which corresponds to a birth that actually took place in Lower Egypt on 25 June 448 AD.

A meme-based approach for enhancing student engagement and learning in renal physiology.

As educators around the world are exploring new approaches to keep students involved in remote learning during the pandemic, we investigated the utility of memes in promoting engagement in the online environment. Medical students enrolled in a human physiology course at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sohar, Oman were provided with an option to create memes related to the learning outcomes in renal physiology. One hundred forty-six of 280 students chose to create memes (52%), and the remaining students chose to submit either a labeled diagram or a concept map. Students uploaded their work in the discussion forum of the learning management system. All students enrolled in the course were given an opportunity for interaction with the uploaded content by commenting and upvoting thereafter. Students were requested to give anonymous feedback on their experience specifically on the activity related to memes. Feedback received from 142 of 280 students through anonymous comments was subjected to thematic analysis. Based on the analysis of the data, we found that memes elicited interest in the topic, facilitated peer interaction, simplified complex ideas, enhanced retention of associated concepts, and fostered a positive learning environment.

John Locke and Catharine Cockburn on Personal Identity

John Locke's account of personal identity (Essay 2.27) is one of his most discussed theories. Opposing the Cartesian ontology of mind, Locke argued that the soul does not always think - for thinking is simply one of its operations, but not its essence -, and that personal identity consists in consciousness alone. Against Locke, an anonymous commentator published the Remarks upon an Essay concerning Humane Understanding (1697-99) charging Locke's view with possible immorality. Catharine Cockburn rebuffed the Remarker's objections, in her Defence of Mr. Locke's Essay (1702), depicting his view as more dangerous for morality than Locke's. This paper shifts the focus from Cockburn's defence of Locke's moral thought, to her apology for his theory of personal identity, including his probabilistic arguments in favour of the immortality of the soul. This shift of focus yields an alternative account of Cockburn's originality: first, because she offered a non-substance interpretation of Locke's theory of personal identity, that, for its time, was unusual, and remains relevant for contemporary philosophical debates over Locke; and second, because, following Kristeller, in the very act of defending and articulating anew Locke's theory, Cockburn in some sense appropriated it.

The neo‐nationalist ascendency: further thoughts on class, value and the return of the repressed

The neo‐nationalist ascendency: further thoughts on class, value and the return of the repressed

CIVIL LIABILITY OF COMPANIES FOR ANONYMOUS COMMENTS POSTED ON THEIR SITES: A CRITERION OF POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES OF LIABILITY

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate a criterion of potential consequences of liability of an Internet portal for unlawful comments of its visitors and set certain general waymarks, which would apply to cases of this kind. Research methodology – The European Court of Human Rights has ruled in four cases (Delfi AS v. Estonia, MTE &amp; Index v. Hungary, Pihl v. Sweden and Tamiz v. the United Kingdom) on whether civil liability can be justified to the website operators for anonymous comments made on their portals that violate the right to privacy. One of the criteria of such evaluation was the possible negative consequences of the civil liability of these entities, but its content and meaning have not been thoroughly studied in the doctrine. Therefore the authors analyse the content of this criterion on the basis of a comparative method. Taking into account the legal context of this study, specific methods of legal interpretation are used in this article (such as, systemic, teleologic, histrorical). Findings – Authors conclude that addressing the civil liability of website operators for damages caused by anonymous comments violating the right to privacy must consider not only the financial, and not only ad hoc, short- and long-term adverse effects of the website operators in general, but the impact of the ruling on the concept of free media and other property and non-material consequences for a democratic society as a whole. Research limitations – This article deals with one criteria for the application of civil liability of website operators for the infringement of an individual’s right to privacy by anonymous comments, that is – the possible negative consequences of the civil liability of these entities. That is the continuation of the authors’ research on the topic of website operator’s liability for unlawful anonymous comments. Practical implications – The research reveals that the consequences of applying the civil liability to the website operator are conditions for assessment of extent of the already existing civil liability; therefore, the criteria of the consequences that arose and / or could arise to website operator are not to be considered as factors justifying the application of civil liability, but rather as factors determining, i.e. extending or limiting, the extent of civil liability. Originality/Value – The vacuum of a consistent concept of assessing the behavior of website operators in response to unlawful comments poses a threat not only to the sustainability of website operators as business or public interest entities, but also to the stability of the legal system as a whole. It is therefore important to disclose the content of elements of assessment of the necessity of restricting the freedom of expression of website operators in a democratic society, which are unregulated and formulated only in the case law of the ECtHR, and which have been applied in national courts for horizontal civil liability claims for anonymous comments. There are no previous research that would focus on these issues.

Aristotle on the Conventionality of Language: The Exegesis of an Anonymous Armenian Commentator

Aristotle on the Conventionality of Language: The Exegesis of an Anonymous Armenian Commentator

The Philosophical Antilogy in the Rhetorical Doctrine of “Decisive Issue” at Cicero

Placed in the ontological realism of the classical age, the rhetorical doctrine of “decisive issue” is an effort to grasp the complexity of reality and to find the true state of the case in a controversial challenge. In a dispute, at first it is necessary to qualify the genre of the case (<i>status causae</i>); then, only after several conflictions the point of issue emerges, and the rhetorician must choose the implicit premises (reputable opinions) and the inferential schemes (<i>loci</i>, topics) in the light of the particular case, that is relevant to the thing in question. A wrong tradition identifies genre of the case and “decisive issue”. Against this reductive approach, Cicero shows that the philosophical character of dialectic antilogy – i.e. the “refutatory completeness” taught by Plato and Aristotle – is necessary also in the judicial rhetoric and not only: I propose to call it “evidentiary insistence”. In the rhetorical domain, the complexity of reality emerges at the moment of identifying the object of the question: dialectical refutations not appropriate to the thing in question are fallacious by accident, according to Aristotle, and the doctrine of “decisive issue” avoids falling into sophistry in the field of civic discourse. This is one of many philosophical aspects of the Rhetoric of Hermagoras, and later of Cicero and of the Anonymous commentator on Hermogenes, rejected by Quintilian (<i>I. O</i>., 3.11.20; 24).

Blending virtual reality with traditional approaches to encourage engagement with core chemistry concepts relevant to an undergraduate pharmacy curriculum

Students studying pharmacy often lack motivation to engage with chemical principles. In particular, they often find fundamental chemical concepts such as the visualisation of three-dimensional structures challenging. This programme description reports the design and implementation of a teaching session where stand-alone virtual reality (VR) technology was offered alongside traditional methods of instruction in an attempt to encourage students to engage with fundamental chemistry concepts relating to the three-dimensional structures of drug molecules. By using VR technology in combination with paper-based in-class exercises and supporting material delivered via a virtual learning environment, the authors demonstrate that virtual reality could be used to both reinforce learning and enhance engagement with a topic which students often find challenging. A blended approach employing different methods of delivery presents the advantage that it allows the user control over the level of interaction with each individual element. As such, VR becomes a valuable instructional tool rather then the focus of the session or a distraction. To evaluate the sessions, student feedback was collected using a ‘ballot-box’ system where students could provide anonymous free response comments. Feedback from the session was overwhelmingly positive and it was noted that the optional use of VR technology kept students engaged in tackling paper-based exercises in an area of curriculum which learners often find difficult. It is noted that a blended approach can help to overcome several of the barriers in the use of VR in a classroom setting. In addition, it highlights that effective deployment of such technology is both viable and beneficial on a classroom scale. In the future, the authors hope to apply these methods to other parts of the curriculum

Heliodoro de Alejandría y el Comentario Anónimo al Tetrabiblos de Tolomeo

El Comentario Anónimo al Tetrabiblos de Tolomeo (Anon. in Ptol.) contiene un horóscopo (Wolf, p. 98) que puede datarse el 25 de junio de 448, en el bajo Egipto. Otras noticias de carácter astronómico ofrecidas por el maestro del comentarista anónimo en el escolio a Ptol. Tetr. 2.10 (p. 76, ll. 16-29 Wolf) permiten fijar la composición de Anon. in Ptol. entre 467 y 575ca. Por otro lado, esta datación entre los siglos V-VI, así como la localización del horóscopo a mitad del s. V en Alejandría y su entorno, son congruentes con los estrechos paralelismos estilísticos y estructurales que cualquier lector de Anon. in Ptol. puede percibir entre esta obra y los comentarios a Platón y Aristóteles compuestos por Amonio y sus discípulos en la escuela neoplatónica de Alejandría desde 470ca. hasta 570ca. En este artículo, presentamos varios indicios que apuntan con verosimilitud a la hipótesis de que el maestro del comentarista anónimo, cuyo relato en el libro 2 nos ha permitido establecer la cronología de Anon. in Ptol., no sea sino Heliodoro de Alejandría, hermano menor del filósofo neoplatónico Amonio.

43. IMPLEMENTATION OF A HUMANITIES IN MEDICINE CURRICULUM FOR PEDIATRIC RESIDENTS

Background Medical humanities is the intersection of medicine and humanistic disciplines. Emphasis on human aspects of medicine may encourage clinicians to build community, develop empathy and self-compassion, and foster meaning-making, all of which combat burnout and enable resiliency. At Cincinnati Children's Hospital, we implemented a humanities curriculum amongst pediatric residents with the aim of promoting resiliency, fostering shared experiences among peers and mentors and reconnecting participants to the wonders of medicine. Methods/Curriculum Development A basic needs assessment was performed, and learning objectives were developed: to develop communication and professionalism, to facilitate reflective practice, and to provide mentorship for coping with the joys and challenges of medicine. Five sessions were planned over 12 months with related materials shared before each session by email. Sessions were held off campus in evenings, and interested residents joined when available. Topics included coping with medical mistakes, death and dying, magic in medicine, imposter syndrome, and narrative medicine; group discussion was facilitated by resident leaders. Post-session surveys were distributed to participants of the 4th and 5th sessions. Anonymous comments were analyzed qualitatively for common themes. Results Forty-four unique residents attended at least one session, with 12-20 residents and 2-3 attendings per session. Seven of 20 participants responded to the first survey, and 4 of 10 responded to the second survey. All respondents reported interest in attending future sessions and would recommend the sessions to friends. Common themes included insights into patient experiences, benefits of voicing and hearing shared challenges, and finding joy in medicine. Conclusions We successfully implemented a curriculum to encourage medical humanities in our pediatric residency program. Next steps include implementation of additional sessions at regular intervals and assessing the impact of sessions on burnout and its risk factors.

MDS-107: MDS Patients' Needs from Online Discussion Forums: An Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing Analysis of 20,000 Posts in US, UK, Canada, and China

Context: Online patient discussion forums are important in helping myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients and caregivers navigate the disease and treatment journey. These forums can uncover patient information gaps or needs. Access to therapies and cultural backgrounds influence perceptions of health and disease management approaches. Patient interactions may also identify similarities and cultural nuances of MDS patients across countries. Objective: To understand what conversations from online forums of MDS patients and their caregivers convey about their needs as they navigate the disease and treatment journey. Design: We leveraged Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to algorithmically analyze over 20,000 public, anonymous online comments from 2011 to 2019 to understand the motivation of MDS patients and caregivers from the US, UK, Canada, and China. The NLP algorithm generates a Network that organizes large volumes of unstructured data into topics based on semantic similarity. Results: Seven overarching motivations were extrapolated. “Emotional” refers to receiving/providing emotional support to other patients. “Treatments” relates to treatments, including regimes and decisions. “Transplants” includes the benefits, risks, and experience of transplants. “Clinical” relates to diagnosis, progression, and monitoring. “Education and Logistics” focuses on learning about the disease and care options. “Physical” highlights management of symptoms and treatment side effects. “Diet and Lifestyle” focuses on diet changes and other aspects of living with MDS. The analysis of 20,000 posts detected different motivations but also universal similarities in MDS narratives across countries. In the US, the top conversation driver indicated that patients seek out those with similar cytogenetics profiles, MDS types, or diagnoses. In contrast, in the UK, emotional support was a top motivational driver for patients and caregivers. In Canada, the conversation was driven by patients asking others for specific treatment experiences to evaluate their treatment options. Conversely, patient posts in China indicated that patients are more focused on understanding the disease. Conclusions: The findings suggest that there are unmet information and support needs among MDS patients and caregivers. These include disease/treatment information, support, adequate information sources, and overall guidance to navigate patients through their journey. Greater healthcare professional awareness of these gaps may improve patient care.

Slice of life in a live and wired masquerade: Playful prosumption as identity work and performance in an identity college Bilibili

This article investigates Chinese urban youth’s mediated ‘slice of life’ and playful encounters as part of their identity construction and performance work on Bilibili, one of China’s most influential video-sharing social media sites mediating anime, comics, games and novels. Using a mix-method approach of digital ethnography, participant observation, interviews and data visualisation, this article examines fans’ hermeneutic practices through anime, comic, game and novel prosumption, exemplified by danmaku: ‘bullet screen’, barrage-like comments overlaid on videos. This article argues that Bilibili works as an ‘identity college’ for fans to perform various roles and explore their hybrid identities in a social-hermeneutic engagement process. In particular, the function of anonymous danmaku comments will be closely analysed as it offers a quasi-real-time engagement experience for fans and helps shape fans’ social self. Following a symbolic interactionist tradition, Mead’s ‘generalised other’ and Goffman’s dramaturgical theory are contextualised in the Chinese socio-cultural milieu where fans’ identity performance is regarded as masquerade. Departing from the moral panic rhetoric that Generation Z is ‘amused to death’, becoming ‘infantile and animalised’, or even enslaved by their desires and capable only of ‘cold intimacies’, the findings of this explorative study present a more complex understanding of Chinese youth’s identity work through participatory social media use and networked fandom.

Development and Use of Kitchen Chemistry Home Practical Activities during Unanticipated Campus Closures

The closure of campuses in early 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic meant that scheduled practical activities for introductory chemistry students could not take place. The first practical class started prior to shutdown, and 21.5% of the students undertook the face-to-face offering. The remainder completed an online offering consisting of the same worksheet with videos of each of the tasks, which relate to ions in solution: conductivity and precipitation. A Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test comparison of the marks for the first practical showed that online students had, on average, a 0.9/10 drop in their mark compared to the face-to-face cohort. We concluded that a significant proportion of students found the transition to online learning difficult with the technology we provided. Rather than add another online learning activity, we chose to develop simple activities that students could complete at home, along with worksheets linking their observations to the theory taught in class. The first kitchen chemistry activity included experimental measurement (timing water boiling), solubility (mixing water with salt, sugar or oil), heat capacity (heating salt, sugar, butter and water), combustion calculations for gas heating, and colligative properties (timing ice melting with and without added salt). The second kitchen chemistry activity involved adding a constant amount of sodium bicarbonate to differing amounts of vinegar to explore stoichiometry; relating this to gas law calculations, and an extraction of red cabbage or other colored food to investigate the pH of household items. The aims of the kitchen chemistry experiments were to develop student observation skills, emphasize the importance of measurement and significant figures and provide some simple hands-on and relevant activities that could be done safely at home. The proportion of students who submitted online chemistry practicals was the same as typically attends face-to-face practicals (90%). Preliminary evaluation through anonymous student comments and staff reflections suggests that this was a valuable exercise: most students were able to learn in this replacement hands-on environment, receiving mean scores of 7.5/10 or higher. We conclude that relevant, engaging kitchen chemistry activities are useful for foundation level chemistry students.

Tri-parenting or Try Parenting? Online Posts About a Potentially Stigmatized Family Structure

This exploratory study investigates existing views on the practice of tri-parenting and perceived reasons for potential stigma towards families in tri-parenting relationships. Two themes emerged from 448 posts on five online copies of an article about tri-parenting: domains of comparison and attitudes toward family. Findings from a generic qualitative approach reveal that the majority of anonymous comments posted in response to these articles about tri-parenting were negative, thus potentially associated with stigma. Four categories of potential attitudes underlying statements toward these families also emerged from the data: tradition/slippery slope, complicated, deviance, and welfare. Further analysis suggests that in the case of tri-parenting, family unusualness is related to family stigma and that stigmatizing comparisons are made based on concerns in social and legal domains. Results are discussed in terms of future research and implications for minimizing family stigma.

Making sense ofdanmu: Coherence in massive anonymous chats on Bilibili.com

Although coherence has been widely studied in computer-mediated communication (CMC), insufficient attention has been paid to emergent multimodal forms. This study analyzes a popular commentary system on Chinese and Japanese video-sharing sites – known as danmu or danmaku – where anonymous comments are superimposed on and scroll across the video frame. Through content and multimodal discourse analysis, we unpack danmu-mediated communication analyzing the newest interface (on Bilibili.com), the comments, the interpersonal interactions and the unusual use of the second-person pronoun. Results show that despite the technological constraints (hidden authorship, unmarked sending date and lack of options to structure comments), users construct order in interactions through repetition, danmu-specific expressions and multimodal references, while using playful language to make fun. This study provides an up-to-date analysis on an increasingly popular CMC medium beyond well-studied social networking sites, and broadens the understanding of coherence in contemporary CMC.

Brief training in psychological assessment and interventions skills for cancer care staff: a mixed methods evaluation of deliberate practice techniques.

Unaddressed anxiety and depression is common among cancer patients and has significant adverse consequences. Cancer staff training is recommended for psychological assessment and interventions to address depression and anxiety, to increase access to psycho-social oncology care. However, psychological skills training has a poor track-record for improving clinical effectiveness. "Deliberate practice", receiving feedback on therapeutic micro-skills and rehearsing modifications, can enhance clinical effectiveness. This study applied deliberate practice to maximise benefits of brief psychological skills training for cancer care staff. Seventeen one-day training workshops were provided to 263 cancer care staff, aiming to improve confidence in assessing anxiety and depression, and delivering problem-solving therapy. Training used deliberate practice methods at the expense of didactic lecturing. Staff confidence was assessed in key teaching domains using pre-post confidence ratings. Anonymous comments from 152 training attendees were examined using thematic analysis. One-day psychological skills training significantly improved cancer staff confidence in assessment of anxiety and depression, and delivery of brief psychological interventions. Thematic analysis indicated that focusing on practical skills was valued by participants and contributed to staff commitments to change practice. However, some participants felt the one-day training was over-filled and would be better delivered over more days. Similar results can be achieved by providing psychological skills training on a single-day, as compared to an established five-day programme, by abbreviating didactic teaching and focusing time on deliberate practice of skills. Training may increase the likelihood of changes in practice, but more training time may be required for maximum benefit.

Using polarimetric observations to detect and quantify the three-dimensional radiative transfer effects in passive satellite cloud property retrievals: Theoretical framework and feasibility study

The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. This work is supported by the grant CyberTraining: DSE: Cross-Training of Researchers in Computing, Applied Mathematics and Atmospheric Sciences using Advanced Cyber infrastructure Resources from the US National Science Foundation (grant no. OAC–1730250). The computations in this study were performed at the UMBC High Performance Computing Facility (HPCF). The facility is supported by the US National Science Foundation through the MRI program (grant nos. CNS0821258 and CNS-1228778) and the SCREMS program (grant no. DMS-0821311), with substantial support from UMBC. ZZ’s research is partly supported by NASA grant (80NSSC20K0130) to UMBC.