Anomalous Information Research Articles

Measurement of Thrombus Flux Using Transesophageal Echocardiography

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) are serious problem of total knee replacement (TKR). These diseases may be caused by a thrombus formed during the TKR operation. Therefore, understanding the flow volume of thrombus is important for curing and preventing PTE. In this paper, we tried to understanding the situation of the flow of thrombus by using transesophageal echocardiography movies. We applied the signal processing technique the FSET to extract the anomalous information from ultrasonic echo image. As a result of processing, the time change of the flow volume of thrombus was confirmed.

Extending the resolution and phase-quality limits in automated model building with iterative refinement

Previously, the direct use of prior phase information from a single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) experiment with a multivariate likelihood function applied to automated model building with iterative refinement has been proposed [Skubák et al. (2004), Acta Cryst. D60, 2196-2201]. In this approach, the anomalous information from the experimental data is used in refinement to derive phase information in a maximum-likelihood formalism and provided a more theoretically valid way of incorporating prior phase information compared with current approaches. In the present work, the SAD multivariate likelihood function that directly uses prior phase information is tested against currently used functions on many different SAD data sets which exhibit a wide range of resolution limits and anomalous signal. The results clearly show the importance of the more theoretically valid utilization of prior phase information: the SAD function extends the resolution and phase-quality limits needed for successful automated model building with iterative refinement. Indeed, the multivariate likelihood function reduces the overfitting in the refinement procedure and performs consistently better than the current refinement targets in terms of the quality of the models obtained and the number of residues built.

Synergistic analysis and correlative study on remote sensing and chemical exploration data for oil-gas exploration

This article synergistically studies anomalies in remotely sensed images over a known oil field in a quantitative fashion, along with oil-gas chemical exploration data. Multi-source information verifies one another and the correlation of remote sensing and routine chemical exploration data was found. A recognition model for oil-gas exploration using anomalous zone information in the remote sensing image was established. It is possible to forecast unknown areas using the recognition model, and search for favourable areas of oil-gas exploration in order to provide scientific grounds for targeting prospective areas of oil-gas reserves.

Gödel, Escher, and degree of handedness: Differences in interhemispheric interaction predict differences in understanding self‐reference

Ramachandran (1995) theorised that the left hemisphere (LH) is specialised for making a single and consistent interpretation of the self and the world, whereas the right hemisphere (RH) is responsible for monitoring anomalies in reference to these interpretations. If the anomalous information reaches a threshold, it interacts with the LH to update these interpretations or beliefs. Because mixed handers may have greater degrees of interhemispheric interaction compared to strong handers, they may have a lower threshold for updating beliefs. Two previous studies found this to be the case (Niebauer, Aselage, & Schutte, 2002a; Niebauer, Christman, & Reid, 2002b). Because monitoring one's beliefs may involve metacognitive processes, i.e., cognitions about cognitions, this model was extended to help explain individual differences in understanding self‐referential concepts. In the first two studies, mixed‐handed participants displayed a greater understanding of self‐reference using a conceptual description of Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem. In a third study, mixed‐handed participants displayed greater appreciation for self‐referential works of M. C. Escher. Implications for a neuropsychological model of metacognition are discussed.

Get real : bringing kids' learning lives into your classroom

Kimmy's family is having as the evening's main course. As Kimmy eats, she pauses. How do they make bones? she asks as she casually inspects the piece she is holding. They're part of chickens, her mom says, matter-of-factly. We don't make them. Kimmy's expression suddenly turns to one of horror. mean this used to be a real chicken, like on Old Macdonald's Farm? she wails, dropping the piece she is holding. I'm never gonna eat again! Here an innocent question about something that baffles this six-year-old leads her in a direction she had not imagined possible. Her mom's response provides anomalous information that shocks her; it challenges her existing view of what bones (and perhaps even chicken) really are. In the end, she constructs a new (evidently disturbing) connection. The chickens we eat are indeed the chickens that roam about on farms (or used to). From this moment forward, the meaning of chicken dinner will never be the same for Kimmy. Using dozens of stories of real kids like Kimmy, Jean Anne Clyde and Mark Condon bring to life fundamental concepts about learners,learning, and teaching. They believe that when teachers want a fresh perspective on the kind of learning that is possible in classrooms, they must first examine how children really learn--not in the controlled context of school, but in out-of-school settings, where kids like Kimmy have learned successfully since birth. By inviting you to help analyze these stories, Get Real will help you become a sophisticated kidwatcher, able to recognize, appreciate, and capitalize on natural learning strategies. You can create rich curricular experiences that encourage kids to refine and expand their natural learning strategies in the classroom. Get Real examines the everyday contexts that support children's learning so you can make those qualities a part of your own classroom; offers an extensive discussion of tools such as multiple literacies; provides illustrations of children's work and the significant artifacts from their world that prompted their learning experiences; helps you appreciate the multitude of resources for learning and teaching that exist outside of school; moves learning from the real world to theory to practice with a collection of specific strategies for you to follow; includes a self-assessment that links theory to practice to help you identify your strengths and target areas for growth. Whether you are an inservice or preservice teacher, Get Real will help you recognize and build on kids' natural learning strategies to create a learner-centered classroom that maximizes success for all children.

Generating predictive inferences while viewing a movie

This study investigated conditions that enable viewers to predict future events while viewing a movie. Predictions about future events can be supported by visual, auditory, and discourse information. These information sources serve to emphasize or introduce the individually necessary, and jointly sufficient, conditions that support predictive inference processes. They may also introduce new, anomalous information that can be understood in terms of future story events. In Experiment 1, viewers were instructed to generate predictions while watching the James Bond movie, Moonraker (Broccoli & Gilbert, 1979).The presence of support through visual and discourse modes increased the likelihood that participants would generate a specific prediction. Furthermore, the likelihood of generating a given prediction increased with multiple sources of visual and discourse modes of support. In Experiment 2, participants provided think‐aloud protocols at different locations in the film, but were not instructed to generate ...

Anomalous information triggers questions when adults solve quantitative problems and comprehend stories.

This study tested whether anomalous information causes an increase in questions generated by college students while they solve quantitative problems (i.e., algebra word problems, statistics problems, and analytical puzzles) or while they comprehend stories. Subjects were presented different versions of each problem or story: (a) complete original, (b) deletion of critical information, (c) addition of contradictory information, and (d) addition of salient or subtle irrelevancies. Some types of anomalies elicited more questions than did the original versions, and a subset of the questions directly addressed the anomalies. The deletion versions triggered more questions than did the other transformed versions

Anomalous information triggers questions when adults solve quantitative problems and comprehend stories.

Anomalous information triggers questions when adults solve quantitative problems and comprehend stories.

Computer Program for Stratigraphic Correlation of Devonian Shales in Appalachian Basin: ABSTRACT

A computer program has been written to perform graphic and computational functions related to stratigraphic correlation. Stratigraphic information is retrieved from a data base and used to interpolate formation tops between wells. A stratigraphic cross section can then be drawn on a graphics terminal. Kriging is employed in the interpolation to control smoothing. The user can stipulate which wells are included in the cross section, or ask for wells near a specific location or near a specific well. The cross section and other output from the program can be used to determine pay zones that were not correctly interpreted by a driller, to confirm a stratigrapher's correlations, and to find anomalous information in the data base. Estimated tops can be stored in the data base from within the program. Additional graphic activities include drawing a map of well locations and a graphic comparison of a strip log drawn from user-entered driller's lithologic tops and the interpolated tops. The driller's tops and interpolated tops can be matched by the program. The user can choose to turn off the graphics and just interpolate tops for each well on a list provided by the user. If some tops are known in a well,more » these can be used to interpolate the remaining tops. The base of the Berea Sandstone is commonly used. Accuracy of the interpolations increases as more known tops are used. The program is written in FORTRAN, and uses PLOT 10 Graphical Kernal System. It runs on a VAX 11/750. A Tektronix 4207 color terminal is needed unless the user opts for no graphics.« less

A study of the geomagnetic anomalies from deep crustal sources in the southeastern coastal region of China

This paper first makes use of a lot of data extracted from the magnetic anomalous information from deep crustal sources, then discusses the relations between magnetic anomalies and distribution of seismic belts and between the regional gravity field and deep geological structures.

Children's Constructive Processing and Monitoring of Stories Containing Anomalous Information

SCHMIDT, CONSTANCE R.; SCHMIDT, STEPHEN R.; and TOMALIS, SUSAN M. Children's Constructive Processing and Monitoring of Stories Containing Anomalous Information. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1984, 55, 2056-2071. The development of integration and comprehension monitoring was examined in 2 studies. Children listened to stories containing a nonspecific premise, 2 sentences that converged on an interpretation of the premise, and an anomalous sentence. Children were asked to make an inference based on the 2 convergent sentences and to report any inconsistencies in the stories. The anomalous sentence either preceded or followed the convergent sentences. Across the 2 experiments, 5-year-olds made more convergent inferences when the anomalous information came last than when it came first. 4-year-olds and 8-year-olds, however, were unaffected by the position of the anomalous sentence. These data, taken in conjunction with observed developmental changes in monitoring, in the reported bases for inferences, and in distortions of story information, were interpreted as evidence for 3 developmental levels of integrative processing: (1) independent treatment of related sentences and/or idiosyncratic integration of sentences with extra-story information, (2) intrastory integration without reorganization of initially incorrect schemes, and (3) intrastory integration with reorganization of schemes when sufficient inconsistent information is presented.

Children's Constructive Processing and Monitoring of Stories Containing Anomalous Information

Children's Constructive Processing and Monitoring of Stories Containing Anomalous Information

Comprehension Monitoring, memory, and study strategies of Good and Poor Readers

Comprehension and memory skills of fourth grade good and poor readers were compared in two studies. Their ability to monitor comprehension of difficult and anomalous information was measured in three ways; by spontaneous self-corrections during oral reading, by directed underlining of incomprehensible words and phrases, and by study behaviors. Poor readers engaged in significantly less monitoring on all three measures and this was correlated with poorer comprehension and recall scores. An additional metacognitive measure of perceived reading strategy effectiveness indicated that poor readers are often unaware of the negative influences of some strategies. The patterns of responses on the multiple measures suggest that poor readers may adopt decoding rather than meaning comprehension goals during reading and they are less accurate in applying monitoring skills towards resolving comprehension failures.

Reading senseless sentences: brain potentials reflect semantic incongruity.

In a sentence reading task, words that occurred out of context were associated with specific types of event-related brain potentials. Words that were physically aberrant (larger than normal) elecited a late positive series of potentials, whereas semantically inappropriate words elicited a late negative wave (N400). The N400 wave may be an electrophysiological sign of the "reprocessing" of semantically anomalous information.

A correct initial impression aids figure identification.

Two sets of plane geometric forms, an angular pair and a curved pair, were tachistoscopically presented to 8 subjects in successive segments, with one of the sements in each presentation coming from a figure of the other set. The figures were selected in a preliminary study. The anomalous segment appeared in either the first or last temporal position. Performance was significantly poorer when anomalous information appeared first than when it appeared last. The results support a constructive model of form perception in which the stimulus information first processed provides a basis for interpreting the remaining information. A control experiment showed that all segments were being processed equally, and that support of the model was not due to better perception of information in any one temporal position.