Anomalous Character Research Articles

Generalised Neuronal Calcium Dynamics of Membrane and ER in the Polar Dimension.

Calcium ions are the second messenger playing as regulators for various cellular activities. Its spatiotemporal control is critical for various brain functions, including neuroplasticity, apoptosis, and cell death. The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) plays an important role in determining these spatiotemporal calcium dynamics. Stromal interaction molecule (STIM) - Orai channel on the membrane generates additional calcium flow, whereas other membrane fluxes contribute to cytosolic flux. Due to their anomalous character, we used the Caputo fractional differential operator to mimic these interactions in polar coordinates. Solutions were generated using hybrid integral transform methods to control the analytical approach. Using Green's function yielded a closed-form solution for Mittag-Leffler-type functions. This work emphasizes the significant relationship between calcium and various buffer levels in neurons. The differential transition simulation of a time derivative with space across different parameters indicated a decrease in calcium concentration. Anomalously low buffer levels exhibited the impact of Alzheimer's disease on calcium higher concentration, leading to the death of neurons. Additionally, the research introduces a method involving S100B, BAPTA, and calmodulin buffers to uphold optimal calcium levels within the neuronal cytosol. The applicability of this model with different buffer properties and parameters and memory impacts the calcium concentration with the neurological disorder.

A rheophysical study of the non-newtonian behavior of water flow in thin channels

The development of low-permeable hydrocarbon reservoirs is becoming an increasingly urgent task, and therefore, the study of the laws of fluid movement in subcapillary pores and microcracks is a crucial scientific and technical problem. The previous experimental studies revealed that a viscous liquid during flow in low-permeable reservoirs exhibits an anomalous non-Newtonian character, accompanied by a violation of the linearity of the filtration process, and, consequently, Darcy's law. It was also established that starting from a certain critical size of the opening of the crack, the flow of a Newtonian fluid (water, viscous oil) becomes non-Newtonian, with the manifestation of an initial pressure gradient and flow locking. In this research work, rheophysical aspects of the non-Newtonian behavior of water during flow in thin rectangular channels are considered experimentally. Using the microchannel model, it is established that the nonlinear rheological effect in the flow of water in micro-slits is mainly caused by the value of the electrokinetic potential of the system, by reducing of which it is possible to significantly weaken the non-Newtonian nature of the fluid. To regulate the electrokinetic potential of the fluid system, an antistatic additive was used, the optimal concentration of which was established experimentally. The optimal concentration is defined to be 0.006 %. Based on the Bingham model, the rheological parameters of water flow were estimated at different micro-slit clearances changed in the range of 10÷25 micrometers, in the absence and presence of an antistatic additive. It is also established that a reduction in the electrical potential of the fluid flow leads to a significant decrease in the yield shear stress during the flow of water in the microchannel

Critical Reassessments: “My Heart Laid Bare”: A Deep Rereading of Daniel Hoffman’s Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe

Critical Reassessments: “My Heart Laid Bare”: A Deep Rereading of Daniel Hoffman’s <i>Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe</i>

A Data-Driven Memory-Dependent Modeling Framework for Anomalous Rheology: Application to Urinary Bladder Tissue

We introduce a data-driven fractional modeling framework for complex materials, and particularly bio-tissues. From multi-step relaxation experiments of distinct anatomical locations of porcine urinary bladder, we identify an anomalous relaxation character, with two power-law-like behaviors for short/long long times, and nonlinearity for strains greater than 25%. The first component of our framework is an existence study, to determine admissible fractional viscoelastic models that qualitatively describe linear relaxation. After the linear viscoelastic model is selected, the second stage adds large-strain effects to the framework through a fractional quasi-linear viscoelastic approach for the nonlinear elastic response of the bio-tissue of interest. From single-step relaxation data of the urinary bladder, a fractional Maxwell model captures both short/long-term behaviors with two fractional orders, being the most suitable model for small strains at the first stage. For the second stage, multi-step relaxation data under large strains were employed to calibrate a four-parameter fractional quasi-linear viscoelastic model, that combines a Scott-Blair relaxation function and an exponential instantaneous stress response, to describe the elastin/collagen phases of bladder rheology. Our obtained results demonstrate that the employed fractional quasi-linear model, with a single fractional order in the range α = 0.25–0.30, is suitable for the porcine urinary bladder, producing errors below 2% without need for recalibration over subsequent applied strains. We conclude that fractional models are attractive tools to capture the bladder tissue behavior under small-to-large strains and multiple time scales, therefore being potential alternatives to describe multiple stages of bladder functionality.

Structure and optical properties of Er-doped transparent glass–ceramics based on ZnO nanocrystals with anomalous light scattering

This paper reports a study of the structure and optical spectra of glass–ceramics of the potassium–zinc–aluminosilicate system doped with Er3+ ions and containing ZnO nanocrystals. The volume fractions and sizes of the crystals are determined, the optical-density spectra are recorded, and the extinction-coefficient spectra are obtained for glass–ceramics created as a result of a series of successive isothermal heat treatments at 720°C and 750°C. The extinction coefficient is resolved into two terms, one of which describes the extinction caused by the presence of free carriers in the ZnO semiconductor crystals, while the second term describes the scattering and intrinsic absorption of light by these crystals. It is shown that the light scattering has an anomalous character: the dependence of the scattering coefficient on the inverse wavelength is described by a power function with an exponent that substantially exceeds the Rayleigh value of 4, while the measured scattering coefficient is appreciably less than that calculated for independent Rayleigh scatterers.

In Search of the Soul: A Philosophical Essay

In Search of the Soul: A Philosophical Essay

Anomalous circular bulk photovoltaic effect in BiFeO3 thin films with stripe-domain pattern

Multiferroic bismuth ferrite, BiFeO3, offers a vast landscape to study the interplay between different ferrroic orders. Another aspect which is equally exciting, and yet underutilized, is the possibility of large-scale ordering of domains. Along with symmetry-driven bulk photovoltaic effect, BiFeO3 presents opportunities to conceptualize novel light-based devices. In this work, we investigate the evolution of the bulk photovoltaic effect in BiFeO3 thin films with stripe-domain pattern as the polarization of light is modulated from linear to elliptical to circular. The open-circuit voltages under circularly polarized light exceed ± 25 V. The anomalous character of the effect arises from the contradiction with the analytical assessment involving tensorial analysis. The assessment highlights the need for a domain-specific interaction of light which is further analyzed with spatially-resolved Raman measurements. Appropriate positioning of electrodes allows observation of a switch-like photovoltaic effect, i.e., ON and OFF state, by changing the helicity of circularly polarized light.

Normal Electrochemical Deposition NiFe

Due to heating of the electrolyte is an excluded abnormal codeposition alloy components and reduced variation of process parameters to achieve optimal magnetic properties Ni81Fe19 films of magnetic field concentrators. Proposed chloride electrolyte pH adjusted with hydrochloric acid, which provides congruent electrochemical deposition of permalloy at heating and stirring. Magnetic properties of permalloy films are very sensitive to the variation of component relationships of 4.26. Control of accuracy of preparation of chloride electrolyte for electrochemical deposition of NiFe conducted using spectrophotometry. It is shown that the selection process of cooking the electrolyte for electrodeposition of Ni81Fe19 alloy and temperature allow to get normal, congruent electrochemical deposition of permalloy films. It has been established that the anomalous character of permalloy deposition associated with the main feature of iron ions-the existence of variable Valence iron with two or three values in the charge of ions during the hydrolysis of iron salts.

Normal Electrochemical Deposition NiFe

Due to heating of the electrolyte is an excluded abnormal codeposition alloy components and reduced variation of process parameters to achieve optimal magnetic properties Ni81Fe19 films of magnetic field concentrators. Proposed chloride electrolyte pH adjusted with hydrochloric acid, which provides congruent electrochemical deposition of permalloy at heating and stirring. Magnetic properties of permalloy films are very sensitive to the variation of component relationships of 4.26. Control of accuracy of preparation of chloride electrolyte for electrochemical deposition of NiFe conducted using spectrophotometry. It is shown that the selection process of cooking the electrolyte for electrodeposition of Ni81Fe19 alloy and temperature allow to get normal, congruent electrochemical deposition of permalloy films. It has been established that the anomalous character of permalloy deposition associated with the main feature of iron ions-the existence of variable Valence iron with two or three values in the charge of ions during the hydrolysis of iron salts.

Grain boundary diffusion and grain boundary structures of a Ni-Cr-Fe- alloy: Evidences for grain boundary phase transitions

Grain boundary structure-property relationship was studied in a Ni-base 602CA coarse-grained alloy using a novel correlative tracer diffusion-analytical microscopy approach. Co-existence of several short-circuit contributions to tracer diffusion was distinguished at higher temperatures. These contributions were related to different families of high-angle grain boundaries with distinct coverages by precipitates and segregation levels as revealed by HAADF-STEM combined with EDX measurements and a detailed atom probe tomography analysis. Annealing at such conditions resulted in Cr23C6-type carbides co-existing with an α-Cr-Mn-enriched phase in addition to sequential segregation layers of Al, Ni, and Fe around them. Curved and hackly grain boundaries showed a high density of plate-like carbides. In contrast, straight grain boundaries were composed of globular carbides with similar chemical composition variations and additionally with alternating layers of Cr and Ni in-between the carbides, similar to spinodal microstructures. At lower temperatures, hackly interfaces with Cr and Cr-carbide enrichment dominated and the alloy annealed at 403 K contained plate-like Cr23C6-type carbides surrounded by a Ni-rich layer around them. The Ni grain boundary diffusion rates at these relatively low temperatures showed an anomalous character being almost temperature independent. This specific diffusion behaviour corresponds to a metastable grain boundary transition which is explained by a concomitant relaxation of transformation-induced elastic strains occurring on a longer time scale in comparison to those for grain boundary diffusion. Thermodynamic insights into the probable mechanism of decomposition at grain boundaries are provided. The paper provides solid evidences towards the existence of grain boundary phase transitions in the Ni-base multi-component alloy. It underlines the capabilities of the correlated kinetic-structure measurements as a tool to probe such changes.

Effect of adsorption, radioactive decay and fractal structure of matrix on solute transport in fracture.

Reservoir contamination by various contaminants including radioactive elements is an actual environmental problem for all developed countries. Analysis of mass transport in a complex environment shows that the conventional diffusion equation based on Fick's Law fails to model the anomalous character of the diffusive mass transport observed in the field and laboratory experiments. These complex processes can be modelled by non-local advection-diffusion equations with temporal and spatial fractional derivatives. In the present paper, fractional differential equations are used for modelling the transport of radioactive materials in a fracture surrounded by the porous matrix of fractal structure. A new form of fractional differential equation for modelling migration of the radioactive contaminant in the fracture is derived and justified. Solutions of particular boundary value problems for this equation were found by application of the Laplace transform. Through the use of fractional derivatives, the model accounts for contaminant exchange between fracture and surrounding porous matrix of fractal geometry. For the case of an arbitrary time-dependent source of radioactive contamination located at the inlet of the fracture, the exact solutions for solute concentration in the fracture and surrounding porous medium are obtained. Using the concept of a short memory, an approximate solution of the problem of radioactive contaminant transport along the fracture surrounded by the fractal type porous medium is also obtained and compared with the exact solution. This article is part of the theme issue 'Advanced materials modelling via fractional calculus: challenges and perspectives'.

Effect of Hydrogen Corrosion on the Brittle Fracture Resistance of an Oil Line Pipe 530 mm in Diameter Made of 12GSB Ferritic–Pearlitic Steel

The structure, the static tensile properties, the impact toughness, and the fracture mechanisms of the 12GSB pipe steel specimens cut from the defect regions in a pipeline 530 mm in diameter are studied. Hydrogen corrosion is found to affect the anomalous character of the temperature dependences of the impact toughness and the fraction of ductile component in a fracture surface. Sulfur is shown to substantially influence the ductile crack propagation energy in the transverse direction and to weakly influence this energy along the rolling direction. The development of hydrogen corrosion in the pipeline is found to be accompanied by a significant increase in the reduced fraction of intergranular fracture (15.8–35%) in brittle fracture surfaces, and this fraction in the separation plane reaches 50.5%. The relation between the impact toughness of the transverse specimens and the fraction of ductile component in a fracture surface has an anomalous character: this relation has two linear segments, the fracture energies in which differ by an order of magnitude. The segment with a low fracture energy (4.4–16.1 J/cm2) characterizes the action of the sear component of separation in the rolling plane, and the segment with a high fracture energy (38–246 J/cm2), the action of a ductile mode I fracture mechanism. The impact toughness anisotropy coefficient is found to be high, Ka = 2.31.

The capture of particles on absorbing traps in the medium with anomalous diffusion: The effective fractional order diffusion equation and the slow temporal asymptotic of survival probability

The new asymptotic behavior of the survival probability of particles, which move in the anomalous sub-diffusion way, in the medium with absolutely absorbing traps was established. The new power temporal behavior of the survival probability of diffusing particles at long times was obtained. This result is caused by the anomalous character of diffusion.

The Influence of Heat Treatment on the Deformation Properties of Ni49Fe18Ga27Co6 Alloy Crystals Compressed in the [011] Axis Direction

Stress–strain diagrams (σ–e curves) have been studied during uniaxial compression of Ni49Fe18Ga27Co6 alloy single crystals in the [011] axis direction for the initial samples and those after 15-min annealing at 1373 K with subsequent quenching in water. It was established that the σ–e curves of initial crystals exhibited a one-stage character and showed a single stress decay, whereas the curves of heat-treated and quenched crystals displayed two stress decays. The shape-memory (SM) strain recovery on heating the compression-strained crystals showed an anomalous (burstlike) character. Investigation of the reproducibility of burstlike recovery of SM strain in a series of thermomechanical treatment cycles showed that the recovery took place in quenched crystals, whereas the temperature interval of SM recovery in the initial crystal grew from 1 to 12 K with increasing number of thermomechanical treatment cycles.

Влияние термообработки на деформационные свойства кристаллов сплава Ni-=SUB=-49-=/SUB=-Fe-=SUB=-18-=/SUB=-Ga-=SUB=-27-=/SUB=-Co-=SUB=-6-=/SUB=- при их сжатии вдоль оси [011

Abstract Stress–strain diagrams (σ–ε curves) have been studied during uniaxial compression of Ni_49Fe_18Ga_27Co_6 alloy single crystals in the [011] axis direction for the initial samples and those after 15-min annealing at 1373 K with subsequent quenching in water. It was established that the σ–ε curves of initial crystals exhibited a one-stage character and showed a single stress decay, whereas the curves of heat-treated and quenched crystals displayed two stress decays. The shape-memory (SM) strain recovery on heating the compression-strained crystals showed an anomalous (burstlike) character. Investigation of the reproducibility of burstlike recovery of SM strain in a series of thermomechanical treatment cycles showed that the recovery took place in quenched crystals, whereas the temperature interval of SM recovery in the initial crystal grew from 1 to 12 K with increasing number of thermomechanical treatment cycles.

Large magnetothermopower and anomalous Nernst effect in HfTe5

Topological quantum materials have stimulated growing attention because they reveal novel aspects of condensed matter physics and point to new opportunities in materials science, in particular for thermoelectrics. Here, we experimentally study thermoelectric effects in ${\mathrm{HfTe}}_{5}$, which was predicted to be at the boundary between strong and weak topological insulators. The magnetic field dependence of ${\mathrm{HfTe}}_{5}$ thermoelectric properties attests to the anomalous character of this material, supported by our angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements. At 36 K, the thermopower of $\ensuremath{-}277\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{K}$ is reached when a field of 0.4 Tesla is applied, while it is $\ensuremath{-}157\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{K}$ at zero field and a large Nernst coefficient up to $600\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{K}$ is observed at 100 K with magnetic field of 4 T. A possible topologically nontrivial band structure is proposed to account for our observations. Our results constitute a highly constraining set of data for any model of transport based on ${\mathrm{HfTe}}_{5}$ band structure. Furthermore, the extraordinary thermoelectric properties suggest a new paradigm for the development of thermoelectric applications based on layered transition-metal chalcogenides.

Boundary-induced effect on the spoke-like activity in E × B plasma

The spoke instability in an E × B Penning discharge is shown to be strongly affected by the boundary that is perpendicular to B field lines. The instability is the strongest when bounded by dielectric walls. With a conducting wall, biased to collect electron current from the plasma, the spoke becomes faster, less coherent, and localized closer to the axis. The corresponding anomalous cross-field transport is assessed via simultaneous time-resolved measurements of plasma potential and density. This shows a dominant large-scale E × B anomalous character of the electron cross-field current for dielectric walls reaching 40%–100% of the discharge current, with an effective Hall parameter βeff ∼ 10. The anomalous current is greatly reduced with the conducting boundary (characterized by βeff ∼ 102). These experimental measurements are shown to be qualitatively consistent with the decrease in the E field that triggers the collisionless Simon-Hoh instability.

Hyperfine Magnetic Fields at the Nuclei of 57Fe in the Intermetallic System Zr1 –xScxFe2

Mossbauer studies of the anisotropy of hyperfine interactions (HFIs) of the 57Fe nuclei in the quasi-binary intermetallic system Zr1 –xScxFe2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) with the structure of the cubic Laves phase of the C15 type have been performed. Within the framework of the tensor description of the anisotropy of magnetic HFIs, taking the crystal and magnetic structure into account, the hyperfine parameters of the partial spectra have been expressed through the constant of the quadrupole interaction, the isotropic and anisotropic magnetic fields, and also the azimuthal and polar angles, which specify the orientation of the direction of the easy axis of magnetization (EA). It has been established that at temperatures of 87 and 297 K the EA deviates in the plane $$(1\bar {1}0)$$ from the crystallographic direction [111] by ~15°, and with an increase in the concentration x, the orientation of the EA almost does not change. The changes in the isotropic field and in the shift of the Mossbauer line have an anomalous character. With an increase in x, an increase can first be observed, and then, at x > 0.4, a decrease of the magnitude of the isotropic field can be observed. The shift of the Mossbauer line decreases with an increase in x; at x ~ 0.4, a bent is observed. This anomalous behavior of the isotropic field and of the shift correlates with a change in the lattice parameter and in the magnetic moment of the Fe atoms. The anisotropic field decreases linearly with an increase in the concentration of Sc atoms, while the constant of the quadrupole interaction almost does not change, ~1 mm/s.

Anomalous Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Fe2V2−&lt;italic&gt;x&lt;/italic&gt;Al&lt;italic&gt;x&lt;/italic&gt; (&lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math notation="LaTeX"&gt;$x = {0-1}$ &lt;/tex-math&gt; &lt;/inline-formula&gt;) Alloys

Intriguing correlated electronic structure is revealed when vanadium is substituted in place of iron in ferromagnetic DO 3 -Fe 3 Al intermetallic alloy and transforms it into a Fe 2 VAl Heusler alloy with L2 1 crystal structure. This particular composition exhibits nonmagnetic semi-metallic character [1], [2]. Both DFT calculations and experiments revealed the existence of pseudogap or gap ranging up to 0.5 eV. The origin of the gap and the role of hybridization in these alloys is still debated [3]. These studies reveal that the vanadium reduces the moment, yet the role of aluminium in altering the electronic properties is still need to be investigated. Therefore, in the present investigation, we have studied the structural and magnetic properties of Fe 2 V 2-x Al x alloys with x varying from 0 to1 to unravel the role of Al in Fe 2 VAl which is known to be exhibiting the features similar to that of equiatomic FeV. Alloy ingots were synthesized by arc melting the elemental constituents and subsequent annealing at 1273 K for 3 days. From X-Ray Diffraction studies it is observed that x=0 composition (FeV) stabilized in $\sigma -$phase, while a mixed phase (${\sigma }$ + cubic) is obtained for x=0.2. It is observed that as the Al-composition varies from 0.4 to 1 it exhibits a cubic phase. DC magnetic measurements were performed for all samples, which revealed that the magnetic character decreases with Al concentration. The extreme compositions (well ordered) of this series namely, FeV (with $\sigma -$phase) and Fe 2 VAl (L2 1 -phase) are found to be paramagnetic down to lowest temperature. The temperature dependence of magnetization curves shown in Fig.1 for composition x=0.2 suggest ferromagnetic character with Curie temperature (T c ) close to 240 K and for x=0.4 with T c ~130K, while the compositions x=0.8, 1 exhibit nonmagnetic behavior down to 5K (Fig.1). The magnetic isotherms of these compositions exhibit anomalous magnetic character i.e., exhibit higher coercivity at 300K compared to 5K (except for Fe 2 VAl), with lower saturation magnetization. The existence of hysteresis behavior above T c indicates the possibility of the presence of ferromagnetic clusters in intermediate compositions. Analysis of magnetic data suggests that disorder plays a significant role in addition to the composition. To see whether the magnetic anomalies affect the electrical transport, we carried out electrical resistivity measurements in the low temperature range, shown in Fig.2. The electrical resistivity shows a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) for x=0 to x=0.8 and the resistivity at temperatures below 250K decreases with Al concentration which indicates the presence of Al improves the metallic nature of these samples. But the sample with highest Al concentration i.e Fe 2 VAl shows negative TCR which also exhibits high values of resistivity compared to other compositions of the series. This kind of behavior can be attributed to band structure formed due to structural disorder in samples, x=0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and pseudo band gap formed in Fe 2 VAl near Fermi level [4], [5]. From above studies, it is quite evident that the material going from metallic state to semi-metallic state with a small variation in Al concentration. The resistivity increased by two orders of magnitude from Fe 2 V 1.2 Al 0.8 Fe 2 VAl, whereas both the samples were paramagnetic down to 5K. An inflection point in resistivity curve near the magnetic transition temperature T c is observed, which suggests a correlation between transport and magnetic properties. These magnetic and electrical transport anomalies show even non-magnetic aluminum plays a significant role in electronic properties and will be discussed in detail.

Study of Impact Toughness Anisotropy and Tendency Towards Lamination of Strenx 650 MC and Strenx 700 MC Steels After Thermomechanical Rolling

Mechanical properties are investigated for tensile and impact bending in longitudinal and transverse Charpy and Menage specimens of Strenx 650 MC and Strenx 700 MC steels, produced by thermomechanical rolling technology. A marked effect is established for impact specimen cutting direction on critical brittleness temperatures T50 (50% of the ductile component in a fracture) and T34 (KCV = 34 J/cm2). For transverse specimens of rolled product 6 and 10 mm thick values of T50 and T34 are higher by 25–30 °C than for longitudinal specimens. Impact strength anisotropy coefficient for the studied steels varies in the range of 3.2–12.2. During tests on transverse specimens of steel Strenx 650 MC 6 mm thick an anomalous character (a sharp inflexion in the line for changes of KCV-B and KCU-B correlation) is detected: on the linear segment extending 2.4 mm for Charpy specimens and 2.8 mm on Menage specimens a low level of work for ductile crack propagation is revealed (Ar = 1.2 J/cm2), then work for crack propagation increases by more than an order of magnitude (121 and 570 J/cm2). A marked effect is demonstrated for coarse carbonitride-type inclusions based on titanium, and oxides based on Al2O3 on formation of large pits, contributing to formation of laminations and an increased tendency towards Menage and Charpy impact strength anisotropy.