Anodontostoma Chacunda Research Articles

Some biological aspects of chacunda gizzard shad, Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, 1822) from the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

Anodontostoma chacunda is a commercial fish species in the market and is usually consumed in fresh, smoked, and dried forms. This study investigated the population structure, length-weight relationships (LWR), condition factor (KF), size at sexual maturity (Lm), and breeding season of A. chacunda in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, using the data collected from January to December 2020. A total of 1061 individuals were collected in the sampling period with the help of fishers. Total length (TL) and body weight (BW) were measured using a measuring board and an electronic balance. The TL ranged from 12.50 to 26.70 cm. The allometric coefficient (b) value was 3.34, indicating positive allometric growth in this species. The fish is in good condition, evidenced by its condition factor (KF) ranging between 0.88 and 1.73. Maturity size ranged from 15.40 to 16.80 cm (TL) based on three distinguished models. Spawning time lasts from January to May and from September to December. The peak spawning time was December of A. chacunda in the Bay of Bengal. This information could prove valuable for fisheries researchers and biologists, facilitating efforts toward the conservation and sustainable management of this species.

Growth and mortality model of Chacunda gizzard shad Anodontostoma chacunda (Bleeker, 1852) in Tarakan waters, North Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract. Salim G, Indarjo A, Mujiyanto M, Sugianti Y, Anggoro S, Ransangan J, Nawir D, Meiryani, Hartinah S, Nurjanah, Jose AES, Dewi R, Balqis Z, Arief MCW, Putri MRA, Rahman A. 2024. Growth and mortality model of Chacunda gizzard shad Anodontostoma chacunda (Bleeker, 1852) in Tarakan waters, North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 770-780. The Chacunda gizzard shad Anodontostoma chacunda (Bleeker, 1852) possesses numerous spines and is economically valued, with prices ranging from USD 0.64-0.96/kg. This study aimed to analyze the growth and mortality models of the A. chacunda from the waters of Tarakan Island. The research was conducted over four months, from July to October 2022, using a quantitative descriptive method. Sampling was performed using purposive sampling, with 20 sessions over four months, each yielding 40-50 individuals. The results showed a total sample of 789 fish, with 463 males and 326 females, yielding a males-to-females ratio of 1.42:1. The allometric model revealed negative allometry with a body shape from the condition index indicating leanness. The Von Bertalanffy model shows that the asymptotic length of males is higher than that of females with the growth rate of females being higher than that of males. In reaching the asymptotic length, the males is faster by reaching the age of 47 days compared to the females reaching the age of 37 days. The numerical data of total mortality, fishing mortality and natural mortality of females is higher compared to males, but for exploitation rate in males and females has the same value is 0.91. The current exploitation rate of A. chacunda was higher than the optimum exploitation rate (E=0.5), showed that over-exploited A. chacunda requires sustainable management.

Detection and analysis of microplastic contamination in Anodontostoma chacunda from Kasimedu fish landing centre, Bay of Bengal Coast

Detection and analysis of microplastic contamination in Anodontostoma chacunda from Kasimedu fish landing centre, Bay of Bengal Coast

The Diversity and Distribution of Fish at the Port and Urbanized Areas of Pulau Pinang Strait, Malaysia

Marine fish in Malaysian waters are impacted by various stressors, including resource exploitation, urbanization and industrialization. Therefore, this study examines the fish diversity and distribution at five sampling stations with different natural processes and anthropogenic activities in the coastal waters of Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. A total of 669 fish specimens belonging to 47 species from 23 families were collected using drift nets in two sampling periods from October to November 2017 and October to November 2019. The fish abundance is determined based on the catch per unit effort, (CPUE; ind/hour). Among the dominant families, Leiognathidae and Ariidae accounted for 21.22 and 14.44 of the total catch, respectively. Three fish species, namely, Eubleekeria splendens, Anodontostoma chacunda, and Pennahia anea, dominated the catches. The CPUE near the ongoing reclamation projects and landfill was lower than that of the port and industrial areas with mangrove estuaries. The dendrogram clearly differentiated the fish species composition between the reclamation sites and natural shorelines. Given no previous research on the fish distribution along the Pulau Pinang strait featuring different habitat types, this study therefore serves as a contemporary fish assemblage for future research and surveys.

Functional Characteristics of Trash Fish in Lamongan Regency, East Java, Indonesia

Trash fish has several weaknesses, such as having tight spines, having little meat, and being highly perishable. The purpose of this study was to determine the functional characteristics of trash fish through fillet preparation techniques and types of fish. This study used a completely randomized design method. The first factor is the type of fish consisting of Orangefin ponyfish (Leiognathus bindus Valenciennes, 1835), Chacunda gizzard-shad (Anodontostoma chacunda Hamilton, 1822) and Sardine (Sardinella Fimbriata Valenciennes, 1847). The second factor was the type of preparation technique which consisted of mechanical, blanching, 1 % acid immersion and 1 % papain enzyme immersion. The data obtained were then analyzed descriptively from the preparation technique for each observation parameter and presented in tabular form and plotted in graphical form. The results of this study indicate that Orangefin ponyfish, Chacunda gizzardshad and Sardine fish have a range of functional properties of the three types of fish, namely: foaming power (17.68 % to 61.87 %), foam stability (50 % to 57.14 %), emulsifying power (3.31 % to 4.29 %), emulsion stability (1.91 % to 3.37 %), WHC (33.9 % to 46.64 %), and OHC (24.75 % to 29.57 %).

Fish species composition, diversity, and migration in the Mekong Delta: a study in the Cua Tieu River, Vietnam.

Southern Vietnam, particularly the Mekong Delta, is popular in inland fish species diversity. In this study, fish species diversity across six stations from the estuary to the upstream of Cua Tieu River, which is situated in the Tien Giang province in Southern Vietnam, has been studied from January 2018 to June 2020. Altogether, 2088 specimens were collected and classified, and these belonged to 115 species, 98 genera, and 54 families of 15 orders that were recognized and identified. The names of species, genera, families, and orders are cited. In the total of 115 species, the Perch-like order (Perciformes) is the most diverse group, with 50 species (consist of 43.48% of total species). The catfish order (Siluriformes) is the second-most diverse group, consisting of 19 species (16.52% of total species). The carp order (Cypriniformes) consists of 8 species (6.96%), and the herring order (Clupeiformes) consists of 7 species (6.09%). Three orders of fishes, needle fish order (Beloniformes), Spiny eel order (Synbranchiformes), and flounder order (Pleuronectiformes), consist of 6 species (5.22%), and other orders consist of 1-3 species (0.87-2.61%). Among the 115 species recorded, 4 species were classified as vulnerable (VU) in the Red Data Book of Viet Nam (2007) (which is 3.48% of the total species collected). These are Elops saurus, Anodontostoma chacunda, Datnioides polota, and Toxotes chatareus. According to the IUCN Red list (2020), 1 species is endangered (EN) (0.87%), 1 species is vulnerable (VU) (0.87%), 3 species of fish are near threatened (NT) (2.61%), 6 species are data deficient (DD) (5.22%), and 58 species are least concern (LC) (50.43%). The result also recorded 41 fish as migratory species (26 freshwater species and 15 marine species), which is 35.65% of total species collected. Some migratory species are important and endemic species of the Mekong River, such as Bagarius yarrelli, Boesemania microlepis, Yasuhikotakia modesta, Cyclocheilos enoplos, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Pangasius conchophilus, Pangasius krempfi, Pangasius pleurotaenia, Phalacronotus bleekeri.

Catch Composition of Set Net Fisheries during Normal Season in Sungai Sembilang Waters, Selangor, Malaysia

Highlight ResearchThe Set Net was identified and recorded.Length and weight of the catch of set net was analyzed. AbstractSet net fisheries are made according to traditional fishing gears method in the coastal waters of Sungai Sembilang, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. These fisheries system are the passive structure of gear used to catch fish that swim in shallow water with muddy substrate. This study focused on determining the species variety and the possible future of set net fisheries in Sungai Sembilang. Catch composition of set net was investigated based on the catch data during July to December 2020 and continued from January to February 2021. The catch data was recorded by a research assistant on site during fishing season. The data consist of species, length and weight of all catches recorded. Total catch of 60 fish species belonging to 23 families were captured during this study period. Ariidae (31.73%), Clupeidae (11.56%), and Scatophagidae (7.96%) were determined as dominant families caught this set net. The total dominant catch amount of species Plicofollis argyropleuron (18.71%), Nemapteryx caelata (9.96%), and Anodontostoma chacunda (8.92%) compromised 37.6% of the total catch. This type of fishing gear can be used by local fisherman to catch fishes and can prevent trawl net from come closer to the shore. This study would provide some general useful information about the status of set net fisheries as well as the species abundance caught from the set net.

Length-Weight Relationship, Condition Factor, and Age Estimation of Commercially Important Trawl Species from Mersing Coastal Waters, Johor, Malaysia

Trawl fishing contributes to majority of the total fishes’ landings, supporting the choice of using age, growth determination, and condition factors (K) as part of the monitoring method for the fishes in Malaysia waters. This research specifically examines the use of age, length-weight relationship (LWR), and K to monitor the status of the commercially important fishes in Malaysia waters. LWR, K, and age of 10 commercially important trawl species (Gerres erythrourus, Drepane punctata, Otolithes ruber, Anodontostoma chacunda, Drepane longimana, Dendrophysa russelii, Sillago parvisquamis, Cynoglossus bilineatus, Sardinella brachysoma,and Alepes kleinii) from Mersing coastal waters, Johor, Malaysia, were studied. LWR (W=aLb) indicated positive allometric growth (b > 3) for G. erythrourus and D. punctata but negative allometric growth (b < 3) for the other species. Results indicated that the species collected were in good conditions (average K, Kn > 1) in Mersing coastal waters, Johor, Malaysia. The daily growth rings of scale counts confirmed that the ages of the 10 species were typically less than 1 year (age range: 50-170 days; mean age: 95 days). The data obtained from this study will be useful for understanding the population growth pattern, age, and well-being of commercially important trawl species, which will facilitate better management techniques of these important fishery resources.

Potential Analysis of Low Economic Value Fish in Lamongan Regency, East Java, Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of low commercial value fish species in Lamongan Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The processed data included primary and secondary data. Data were processed using the LQ method and analyzed descriptively by way of compiling data into tables. The survey results showed that there are ten types of low commercial value fish in Lamongan Regency, East Java, Indonesia, namely Sardinella fimbriata (Tembang fish), Leiognathus bindus (Peperek fish), Harpadon nehereus (Puso fish), Sardinella lemuru, (Lemuru fish), Saurida tumbil (Beloso fish), Gerres abbreviatus (Kapasan fish), Anodontostoma chacunda (Juwi fish), and Cynoglossus lingua (Lidah fish). The results of the LQ method showe that there are three types of fish that have the potential to be made of high economic value products, namely L. bindus (11.36), A. chacunda (2.35), and S. fimbriata (2.32). Fish Auction (TPI) that has the potential in terms of fish productivity to be developed is TPI Weru, Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia. The typology of fishermen in TPI Weru has less experience working as a fisherman than other TPI but the level of education is higher and the age of fishermen is younger so that it affects the productivity of fish catches.

Phenotypic variation of gizzard shad, Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, 1822) based on truss network model

Populations of gizzard shad, Anodontostoma chacunda from four adjoining rivers (Karnafuli, Feni, Bhulua, and Moheskhali) of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, were studied to investigate phenotypic structure on the basis of body shape morphometrics using a truss network model. A total of 28 distance variables were extracted by interconnecting 12 morphometric landmarks. The transformed morphometric measurements were subjected to discriminate function analysis (DFA), principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the analysis of variance, all morphometric measurements differed significantly (P < 0.001) between all four populations. A 95% confidence ellipse drawn by DF1 and DF2 clearly separated two groups of A. chacunda from the Moheskhali and Karnafuli populations compared to all others. Their separation was confirmed by cross-validation of the morphometrics analysis with DFA, where the highest correct re-classification rate was found in the Moheskhali (98.4%) and Karnafuli (98.1%) populations. CA analysis also confirmed all river populations into three distinct clusters: Moheskhali population in one cluster, Karnafuli population in another cluster and Feni and Bhulua populations together formed a separate cluster. The observed morphometric variability between the different locations was expressed based on the measurements that particularly related to the head and body shape of the species. The coefficient of variation (CV) result revealed a low intra-population variation from all the rivers. The findings confirmed the presence of different stocks of fish in the four adjoining rivers of the Bay of Bengal.

Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in three commercial fish species in the Persian Gulf

Five heavy metals/metalloids and related potential health risks were investigated in three commercially important fish species (Anodontostoma chacunda, Belangerii, and Cynoglossurs arel) in Musa Estuary and Mahshahr Harbour of the Persian Gulf. A total of 116 fish samples were collected, and their liver and muscle organs were separately analyzed using ICP-MS. Results revealed that studied metals concentrations (with some exceptions) varied among sampling stations, fish species and their organs. Human health risk is evaluated using different indices. The results indicated that arsenic and mercury are the most hazardous elements. Estimated daily intake (EDI) for the metals exceeded the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) for all studied fish species. Also, target risk (TR) of arsenic indicated that consumption over a long period of time may result in a carcinogenic effect. The results are expected to create awareness among the public on the safety of consuming food products grown in particular areas.

Bioaccumulation of nine heavy metals in some tissues of Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, 1822) in the Arabian Sea coasts of Pakistan

Concentrations of heavy metals Cd, Fe, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Cr and Mn in muscles, liver, kidney&#x0D; and gills of marine and native commercial fish of Chacunda gizzard shad Anodontostoma chacunda&#x0D; collected from Karachi fish harbour were determined to conduct a health risk assessment for people&#x0D; by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The obtained results were expressed mg/kg dry&#x0D; weight. Results showed that Fe and Zn concentrations were the most abundant among all tissues&#x0D; whereas Cd and Pb levels were the lowest. The data obtained in this study were compared with the&#x0D; international maximum permissible values. The estimated values of all metals in muscles of fish in&#x0D; this study were below the permissible limits. Generally, risk values for the measured metals do not&#x0D; pose unacceptable risks at mean ingestion rate for edible tissues. It can be concluded that the heavy&#x0D; metal levels in edible parts of A. chacunda have no hazards for consumers

Length-weight relationships of four fish species from a coastal artisanal fishery, southern Bangladesh

This study presents the first report of length–weight relationships (LWRs) for Apocryptes bato (Hamilton, 1822), Salmophasia phulo (Hamilton, 1822), and Silonia silondia (Hamilton, 1822), excluding Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, 1822), from fishermen's catches landed in a coastal artisanal fishery at Patuakhali, Southern Bangladesh. Specimens were sampled occasionally over a period of 1 year between August 2014 and September 2015. Fishes were collected from coastal fishermen using cast nets (mesh size <0.5 cm) for A. bato, set bag nets (mesh size 0.5 cm) for A. chacunda and S. silondia, and lift nets (mesh size <0.5 cm) for S. phulo. The LWRs obtained were W = 0.006L2.99, (r2) = 0.976, W = 0.011L3.04, (r2) = 0.971, W = 0.006L3.00, (r2) = 0.945 and W = 0.007L2.99, (r2) = 0.988 for A. bato, A. chacunda, S. phulo, and S. silondia, respectively.

Microphytobenthos sustain fish food webs in intertidal arid habitats: A comparison between mangrove-lined and un-vegetated creeks in the Persian Gulf

The dietary importance of mangroves for fish production often seems to be minor. However, robust comparisons of fish food webs at mangrove vs. non-mangrove sites are largely lacking. We analyzed stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values of dominant fishes (in terms of abundance) and their potential food sources in summer and winter from arid mangrove-lined and un-vegetated intertidal creeks in Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf, Northern Indian Ocean (26.8°N, 55.75°E). Detritivores Liza klunzingeri (47%) and Anodontostoma chacunda (34%) dominated the abundance at the un-vegetated site; at the mangrove site L. klunzingeri (41%) also dominated, while the zooplanktivores Leiognathus daura (18%), Thryssa vitrirostris (8%) and macrobenthivores Pentaprion longimanus (10%), Acanthopagrus latus (4%) also contributed. There was high dietary reliance by fish on food items associated with non-mangrove sources as indicated by 2 source mixing models. Mangrove-derived organic matter contributed a maximum of 36% to the fish tissue whereas organic matter produced by microphytobenthos and plankton played a major role in the diet of the most abundant fish species with contributions of 64–100%. Two trophic pathways, a pelagic pathway and a benthic pathway, were present in the fish food webs at both sites. The pelagic and benthic food sources of the un-vegetated site were 13C-enriched, consistent with stronger contributions of abundant benthic cyanobacteria found within that food web. Spatial δ13C variation of microphytobenthos and plankton was also reflected in the δ13C values of the feeding guilds and some fish species, suggesting that fish were relatively resident at each site. The isotope values of most food sources and fish did not differ significantly between seasons. Overall, regardless of habitat type and season, microphytobenthos and plankton largely sustained fishes in this region while mangroves, where present, were of minor importance. Our results suggest both mangrove and un-vegetated sites act as feeding grounds for fishes via pelagic and benthic food pathways in this arid region.

Spatial and temporal changes in the fish communities from a mangrove-dominated creek system near Karachi, Pakistan

Summary The objectives of the study were to inventory the fish community, examine how the fish communities changed in these creeks temporally (season), and compare the fish communities between creeks of varying structure (width). During February 1999 to December 2001, a survey was undertaken to monitor the distribution and abundance of fishes in the Korangi-Phitti Creek (KPC) system (24°45′N, 67°20′E) near Karachi, Pakistan. Fish were collected from 123 stations using a combination of monofilament gillnets of 8.9 cm, 5.7 cm, and 3.8 cm stretched mesh sizes. A total of 17 023 fish representing 86 species were collected during the study; Sardinella gibbosa and Nematalosa nasus were the most abundant taxa (in terms of numbers of individuals) collected, accounting for over 60% of the total catch. Physical conditions in the study area were found to have significant seasonal (monsoon) patterns related more to temperature and salinity than to rainfall. Seasonal comparisons indicated that the communities were significantly different between the northeast monsoon (NEM) and southwest monsoon (SWM) seasons. Taxa primarily responsible for distinguishing the NEM were the mullets (Moolgarda cunnesius, Liza carinata, Mugil cephalus). The SWM was characterized by Anodontostoma chacunda, Scomberoides commersonnianus, and the engraulid (Thryssa hamiltonii). The community sampled in wide creeks (shipping channels) was very different in composition than the community in small creeks within this system. Wide creeks were characterized by schooling pelagic species (S. gibbosa, N. nasus), while the smaller creeks were characterized by the presence of mullets (M. cunnesius, M. cephalus, L. carinata) and scat (Scatophagus argus). The KPC system was shown to contain a highly diverse fishery, which in turn contributes to regional offshore fisheries (shad, mackerel, tuna and perches). The various negative natural and anthropogenic events in this region highlight the need for information regarding the fish community, water quality, and the mangrove forest to evaluate ecosystem changes, the effects of disturbances, and for the development and making of sound management decisions.

Complete mitochondrial genome of Anodontostoma chacunda (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae): Genome characterization and phylogenetic consideration

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Anodontostoma chacunda was determined in this paper. The genome is 16,772 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 2 noncoding regions. With the exception of ND6 and eight tRNA genes, all other genes are encoded on the heavy strand. Gene organization is similar to that observed in most other vertebrates. Overall base compositions of mitogenome are 27.4% of A, 28.7% of C, 25.1% of T, and 18.8% of G. Phylogenetic analyses using the concatenated nucleotide sequence of 12 protein-coding genes on the heavy strand reveal that genus Anodontostoma is the sister group to the assemblage (Nematalosa, (Clupanodon, Konosirus)) within subfamily Dorosomatinae.

Community Structure of Coastal Fishes in Relation to Heavily Impacted Human Modified Habitats

Diversity and community structure of coastal fishes were compared between reforested mangrove and reclaimed sandy habitats at Pasir Ris, in the eastern part of Singapore. Both habitats supported a total of 91 species, but a single species, Ambassis kopsii dominated in abundance. Mean fish density was significantly higher at the reclaimed sandy shore than the reforested mangrove, but the reforested mangrove habitat yielded higher diversity. Apart from A. kopsii, abundant species in the mangroves included Ambassis interrupta, Thryssa hamiltonii, Acentrogobius sp., Scatophagus argus and Arius sagor. Anodontostoma chacunda, Acentrogobius sp., Leiognathus decorus, Sillago sihama and Stolephorus sp. were abundant in the reclaimed sandy habitat. Both habitats exhibited a higher mean density and average species richness during high tide. Several species from the family Gobiidae dominated the catch during low tide while pelagic fishes were most abundant during high tide. Diel variation showed significantly higher density during the day than at night, a result that contrasts to similar studies elsewhere. However, species richness showed no significant variation between day and night catches. Interaction between combined factors of time of the day and tidal height on fish density and average species richness was significantly different. The results indicated both habitat types to be important fish nurseries.

Feeding ecology of four fishes from a mangrove creek in north Queensland, Australia

The feeding ecology of four species of fish is described in terms of associations of body form, feeding structures, and stomach contents; and of seasonal variations in diet. Black bream, Acanthopagrus berda (Forskal, 1775), and the hair‐finned goby, Ctenogobius criniger (Valenciennes, 1837), are predominantly carnivorous; milk‐spotted toadfish, Chelonodon patoca (Hamilton‐Buchanan, 1822), largely omnivorous; and bony bream, Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton‐Buchanan, 1822), detritivorous. The results illustrate the role of a mangrove creek in the ecology of the four species of fish and show the mangrove creek provides a nursery for A. berda and C. patoca.