Anodic TiO2 Nanotubes Research Articles

Hybrid TiNb oxides/nitrides nanotube arrays as active catalyst supports

In order to improve the thermal stability of anodized TiO2 nanotube arrays, this paper proposed to fabricate the hybrid TiNb oxide nanotube arrays (TiNb ONA) on β-phase TiNb alloy plates by anodic oxidation. Then, TiNb ONA precursors were transformed into conductive nitride nanotube arrays (TiNb NNA) by nitridation at 800 °C. Introducing Nb contributes to the higher structural stability and easier nitridation of TiNb ONA compared with TiO2 nanotube arrays. After that, the spinel CuFe2O4 and nanosized Re-Ni alloy were respectively loaded on TiNb ONA and TiNb NNA to form CuFe2O4/TiNb ONA and Re-Ni/ TiNb NNA composite electrodes, and their performances in the photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2 and hydrogen evolution reactions were assessed respectively. Results showed that the well-maintained TiNb ONA improved the photo-response performance of the thermally-synthesized CuFe2O4, and TiNb NNA support also boosted the hydrogen evolution reaction because of the conductivity and catalytic activity of TiNb nitrides.

Inhibition of H2 and O2 Recombination: The Key to a Most Efficient Single‐Atom Co‐Catalyst for Photocatalytic H2 Evolution from Plain Water

AbstractIn the present work, it is shown that anodic TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) can be decorated with Pt, Pd, Rh, and Au single atoms (SAs) by a simple “dark deposition” approach. Such TiO2 NTs with surface trapped noble metal SAs provide a high activity for photocatalytic H2 generation from pure water, i.e., in absence of a sacrificial agent. However, noble metals also act as active centers in the undesired hydrogen back‐oxidation (H2 + O2 → H2O), leading to a decrease in the overall photocatalytic H2 production efficiency. Here it is reported that the use of noble metal co‐catalysts, in the form of single atoms, can inhibit this recombination. From the different noble‐metal SAs investigated, Pd SAs yield the highest H2 production rate of 0.381 µmol h−1 cm−1 at a density of 0.41 × 105 Pd atoms µm−2. Overall, the results provide a path to a highly efficient photocatalytic performance for water splitting by the suppression of the H2/O2 recombination, which can be effectively achieved using Pd in the form of SAs as photocatalytic co‐catalysts.

Anodic TiO2 nanotube layers decorated by Pd nanoparticles using ALD: An efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation

Herein, we report the performance of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) as a catalyst for methanol electro-oxidation. Pd NPs were decorated onto anodic TiO2 nanotube (TNT) layers as supporting material that possess a large available surface area and direct electrical contact via the underlying titanium foil. Different Pd loadings (150 – 300 – 450 – 600 ALD cycles) show different particles sizes ranging between 7 and 12 nm, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Coalescence dominated visibly from 450 ALD cycles, which led to a porous Pd layer all along the TNT walls rather than the growth of individual particles. Electrocatalytic performance was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), where the catalytic activity increased proportional with Pd loading up to the highest values for 400 and 450 cycles, whereas a further increase in the number of ALD cycles (NALD) did not show any additional improvement in methanol oxidation current densities. TNT layers decorated with 400, 450 and 600 Pd ALD cycles show featureless curves suggesting complete anti-poisoning ability or possibly a proof of a direct conversion from CH3OH to CO2 (without any intermediate byproducts). The lack of an oxidation peak during the anodic scan and therefore a reduction peak during the cathodic scan, confirms Pd NPs (stabilized by TiO2) efficiently utilize OHads and chemisorbed CH3OH in a way that its CO poisoning was inhibited. As a result, the tuned high surface area TNT layers exhibited excellent performance as a supporting material for Pd NPs against formation of electrochemical poisoning species. Finally, the mechanism of the TNT layers interaction with Pd NPs, which led to the propelling methanol oxidation reaction without loss in performance over cycling is postulated.

High-specific-capacitance electrolytic capacitors based on anodic TiO2 nanotube arrays

Electrolytic capacitors have been increasingly used in almost all electronic devices because of their large specific capacitance, broad operating voltage range and good price to performance ratio. To satisfy the continuing miniaturization trend of electronic devices, researchers have continuously maintained efforts to increase the specific capacitance of electrolytic capacitors. Herein, we report a novel way to achieve high-specific-capacitance electrolytic capacitors starting from titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TDNAs) formed by anodization. The anodized TDNAs are first transformed into titanium nitride nanotube arrays (TNNAs) by nitridation. Then TNNAs covered with a BaTiO3 film (BaTiO3@TNNAs) are obtained through electrochemical deposition and subsequent annealing. Thus, the fabricated BaTiO3@TNNAs are employed as anode of an electrolytic capacitor. The capacitor cathode is also derived from the anodized TDNAs by an electrochemical doping approach. The capacitor made of the BaTiO3@TNNAs anode and TDNAs cathode shows excellent electrical properties with a high specific capacitance of 292.8 μF cm−2, considerably higher than previously reported values for the modified aluminum anode foils. This study can provide new directions in increasing specific capacitance of electrolytic capacitors.

A TiO2 nanotube array decorated by Ag nanoparticles for highly sensitive SERS determination and self-cleaning of vitamin B12

The Ag-deposited TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTA/Ag) are prepared via the decoration of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on an anodized TiO2 nanotube. Descriptive physicochemical features of prepared probes were studied by XRD, FESEM, and RAMAN analyses to prove the successful construction of ordered TNTA and decoration of Ag NPs over them. A highly appropriate and efficient determination method based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been developed using TNTA/Ag probe for vitamin B12 detection. The results displayed that the TNTA/Ag probe has superior detection sensitivity with detection limit of as low as 2.48 × 10−8 M and high reproducibility of different spots on the probe surface with a relative standard deviation of 9.69 %. Moreover, the prepared probe could clean itself due to the photocatalytic ability of TiO2 and surface plasmon resonance effect (SPR) of Ag NPs to be repeatedly used as a SERS probe. The reliability of TNTA/Ag SERS probe was affirmed further by the detection of vitamin B12 in real pharmaceutical samples.

Bipolar Electrochemistry for the Synthesis of Anodic TiO2 Nanotube Layers

Self-organized TiO2 nanotube (TNT) layers have attracted considerable scientific and technological interest over the past 17 years motivated for their wide range of applications including (photo-) catalysis, hydrogen generation and biomedical uses [1,2]. The synthesis of these TNT layers is carried out by electrochemical anodization of valve Ti metal substrates in various F--containing electrolytes using a conventional 2-electrode set-up with the Ti substrate as anode and a Pt-foil as cathode.Instead of using a conventional set-up, also bipolar electrochemistry can be employed for the anodization of valve metals [3-7]. In this set-up, the Ti substrate is placed in an electrolyte between two so-called feeder electrodes, which are connected to the potentiostat. Due to the electric field between the feeder electrodes, the Ti substrate is polarized. If the applied potential between the feeder electrodes is high enough, redox reactions can be driven on the Ti substrate. This method opens new doors for the preparation of TNT layers with gradients in dimensions (i.e. diameter and length of the nanotubes) [3-5] as well as for the preparation of TNT layers on Ti substrates, which cannot be directly connected to the potentiostat, e.g. Ti spheres [8].In this presentation, the preparation of TNT layers on small Ti spheres [8] as well as on 3D printed Ti substrates [9] using bipolar electrochemistry will be shown and discussed. Furthermore, we will also show the possibility of using closed bipolar electrochemical cells, consisting of two closed half-cells with the Ti substrate as obstacle between the cells [10].

Intrinsic Cu Nanoparticle Decoration of TiO2 Nanotubes: A Platform for Efficient Noble Metal Free Photocatalytic H2 Production

The use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) for photocatalytic applications has been intensively investigated for years due to appropriate electronic properties, chemical and photocorrosion resistance, as well as the low cost of the material [1]. Although TiO2 has a suitable conduction band position for the photocatalytic H2 formation reaction, the hydrogen evolution reaction from water on a TiO2 surface is kinetically hampered. To tackle this problem, typically decoration with noble metals such as Pt, Pd, Au that act as a co-catalyst is employed. However, these noble metals are costly and a variety of pathways for replacing these elements have been explored. One of the promising substitutes for noble metals are copper and copper-compounds. The fabrication of copper co-catalyst loaded TiO2 nanotubes is conventionally carried out by chemical methods such as hydrothermal, impregnation, photo-deposition and electrochemical deposition [2]. However, a most straightforward and unique method to modify anodic TiO2 nanotube properties is employing, instead of pure Ti metallic substrate, a Ti‐X alloy in the anodization process, were X is another metal. During anodizing the second metal can be simultaneously oxidized and doped into the TiO2 lattice (in substitutional or interstitial position), giving the nanotubes a specific functionality [3–5]. A number of such intrinsically doped nanotube arrays have been reported, namely using Nb, Ta, Ru and etc., alloyed in Ti [3–5].In this work, we grow intrinsically Cu doped TiO2 nanotubes (TiNTs) by self-organizing anodization of Ti-Cu binary alloys. We demonstrate that up to a copper concentration of 1.5 at.% in the alloy, self-ordered Cu2+-doped nanotubes can be grown. Under UV illumination the Cu2+ ion-doped oxide structures can be converted to nanotubes that carry metallic nanoparticles (NPs) uniformly decorated TiNTs. We investigate the formation of these metallic nanoparticles under UV illumination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The resulting intrinsic copper doped and decorated TiNTs provide a strongly enhanced photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution in comparison to pristine TiNTs. Key is the light induced conversion of the intrinsic Cu doping to metallic copper nanoparticles that act as a stable co-catalyst for H2 generation.[1] K. Lee, A. Mazare, P. Schmuki, Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 9385–9454.[2] M. Janczarek, E. Kowalska, Catalysts. 2017, 7, 317-324.[3] P. Roy, C. Das, K. Lee, R. Hahn, T. Ruff, M. Moll, P. Schmuki, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 5629–5631.[4] M. Altomare, K. Lee, M.S. Killian, E. Selli, P. Schmuki, Chem. - A Eur. J. 2013, 19, 5841–5844.[5] C. Das, P. Roy, M. Yang, H. Jha, P. Schmuki, Nanoscale. 2011, 3, 3094–3096. Figure 1

(Digital Presentation) Ti3C2 Tx MXene As an Anode in Li- and Na-Ion Batteries: Where Does Electrochemical Capacity Stem from?

The unique properties of the Ti3C2 Tx MXene continue to attract attention within the energy storage field. Many of the previous reports on the use of this material in Li- and Na-ion batteries mainly concentrate on modifying the surface of the MXene or the cycling protocol in attempts to achieve higher specific capacities. Very few studies have, on the other hand, addressed the nature of the electrochemical reactions taking place during the electrochemical cycling of the material.This study aims at gaining a deeper understanding of the electrochemical behavior of freestanding Ti3C2 Tx electrodes without any binder and conductive additive. The results obtained with these electrodes, which were manufactured by vacuum filtration of MXene suspension in deionized water, are used to identify the electrochemical reactions yielding the observed capacities obtained in Li-metal cells using 1 M LiPF6 in EC:DEC (50:50 vol%) as the electrolyte and in Na-metal cells containing 1 M NaFSI in TEG-DME. Constant current and cyclic voltammetry cycling as well as in-house ex-situ XPS and synchrotron-based ex-situ HAXPES and XAS were used to identify the redox processes taking place upon the charging and discharging of the MXene electrodes.The results, obtained when cycling the freestanding Ti3C2 Tx MXene electrodes in Li-metal cells, indicate that the reversible capacity can be explained by redox reactions involving Ti species present in the Ti3C2 Tx surface layer. The charge storage mechanism is hence faradic. The results of XAS measurements carried out in the transmission mode likewise indicate that the redox reactions are surface confined and do not involve the inner C-Ti-C layer of the Ti3C2 Tx MXene.When cycling material between 0 and 3 V vs. Na+/Na in Na-metal cells, the specific capacity of the Ti3C2 Tx electrodes increases progressively with the cycle number (from 5 mAh/g on the first cycles to 50 mAh/g on the 200th cycle using a cycling rate of 10 mA/g). This effect is suggested to be connected to the deposition of sodium at about 0 V vs. Na+/Na as this count yield an activation of the electrodes. Comparisons of the cycling behavior of freestanding Ti3C2 Tx electrodes with those of monolithic TiO2 (amorphous) nanotube electrodes with nanotubes lengths of about 4 μm suggest that the behavior of the Ti3C2 Tx electrodes cannot be explained by the expected spontaneous formation of TiO2 on the surface of Ti3C2 Tx electrodes. The capacity for the TiO2 nanotube anode was relatively high, i.e., 160 mAh/g, on the first cycle but was seen to decrease to about 90 mAh/g after 100 cycles when cycling at a rate of 10 mA/g. The reasons for the differences seen between the Ti3C2 Tx and TiO2 nanotube electrodes will be discussed based on the general electrochemical behavior of the Ti3C2 Tx electrodes.

Scaling up anodic TiO2 nanotube layers – Influence of the nanotube layer thickness on the photocatalytic degradation of hexane and benzene

In this work, the preparation of homogenous TiO2 nanotube (TNT) layers with different thicknesses via anodization on Ti substrates with a large geometrical area of two times 5 cm x 10 cm (i.e. both sides of the Ti substrate) is shown for the first time. TNT layers with four different thicknesses of ∼0.65 µm, ∼1 µm, ∼7 µm, and ∼14 µm were prepared with excellent conformality and homogeneity over the anodized area. These TNT layers were successfully employed as photocatalysts for the degradation of hexane and benzene as model compounds in the gas phase under ISO standards, showing an increase of the conversion for both model compounds with the TNT layer thickness. While a stable hexane conversion was observed for all TNT layers during the measuring time of three hours, in case of benzene degradation an initial conversion decrease was monitored before the conversion stabilized. Despite this trend, SEM and XPS analyses did not reveal any significant amount of reaction products on the TNT layer surface.

Effects of sputtering power of Ti films on morphology of TiO2 nanotubes synthesized via anodization process

In this paper, we aimed to find the sputtering power most suitable for fabricating anodized TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) with high dimensions (diameter and length). TNTs were synthesized via anodization of Ti films deposited on a glass substrate at varying sputtering power from 50 W to 200 W. The properties of Ti films such as crystallinity, residual stress, and roughness were investigated, which affected the morphology of TNTs. Sputtering power levels of 150 W and 200 W were suitable for TNTs formation via the anodization process in NH4F concentrations from 1.0 wt% to 2.5 wt% due to the increased density and crystallinity of Ti films. Boosting the sputtering power to 200 W increases the roughness of the surface, resulting in a decrease in tube diameter and length. Increasing the sputtering power to 200 W also causes the residual stress of the film to be converted from compression to tensile stress, which allows for more TNTs structures to be formed on the film. Nanotubes fabricated on 150 W sputtered films have been proven to be superior to those fabricated at 200 W in every NH4F concentration in terms of length and diameter. Thus, they are more suitable for applications.

Atomic Layer Deposition of MoS2 Decorated TiO2 Nanotubes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

AbstractA thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) process to fabricate MoS2 thin films is successfully demonstrated by using cycloheptatriene molybdenum tricarbonyl (C7H8Mo(CO)3) and H2S as precursors at an ALD temperature below 300 °C. The process is systematically investigated, showing a typical self‐limiting characteristic within an ALD temperature window of 225–285 °C and a high growth‐per‐cycle of 0.11 nm. The as‐deposited films are amorphous while they can be crystallized in situ by sulfurization with H2S at a low temperature of 300 °C. A prototypical application of the developed ALD process is demonstrated by constructing a MoS2/TiO2 heterostructure through depositing MoS2 onto anodized TiO2 nanotubes for photoelectrochemical water splitting. The MoS2/TiO2 heterostructures exhibit approximately three times superior photoelectrochemical performance than the pristine TiO2 nanotubes. This is attributed to an enhanced visible light‐harvesting ability of MoS2 and an improved separation of the photo‐generated charge carriers at the heterostructure interface, which is affirmed by a staggering gap (type II) between MoS2 and TiO2 as probed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy.

Anodic TiO2 nanotube: influence of annealing temperature on the photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine

Anodic TiO2 nanotube: influence of annealing temperature on the photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine

Improvement of porosity of anodic TiO2 nanotubes based by dip-dissolution method

Anodic TiO2 nanotube (ATNT) has been widely studied due to its ordered porous structure. Over the years, the research on the surface structure of ATNTs has been mainly focused on modification and compounding. In this work, the surface morphology of ATNT arrays were modified by dip-dissolution method, and the M7 method was applied to characterize the porosity of ATNT arrays. After the dip-dissolution method, the porosity of the ATNT array in an ethylene glycol (EG) solution containing 0.5 wt% NH4F and 2 wt% H2O was almost unchanged, the porosity of it in an ethylene glycol solution containing 3 wt% HF increased by a maximum of 33.30% to 0.26903, and the porosity of it in deionized water was increased by a maximum of 80.50% to 0.36430. In addition, this work also indirectly negates the corrosive effect of fluorine ions on TiO2 nanotubes.

TiO2 Nanotubes Functionalized with Icariin for an Attenuated In Vitro Immune Response and Improved In Vivo Osseointegration.

Due to their superior mechanical and chemical properties, titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been widely used as orthopedic implantable devices. However, their bioinertness represents a limitation, which can be overcome by employing various surface modifications, such as TiO2 nanotube (TNT) fabrication via electrochemical anodization. Anodic TNTs present tunable dimensions and unique structures, turning them into feasible drug delivery platforms. In the present work, TNTs were loaded with icariin (Ica) through an adhesive intermediate layer of polydopamine (DP), and their in vitro and in vivo biological performance was evaluated. The successful fabrication of the modified surfaces was verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and contact angle measurements (CA), while the in vitro release of Ica was evaluated via UV-VIS spectrophotometry. In terms of in vitro behaviour, comparative studies on RAW 264.7 macrophages demonstrated that the TNT substrates, especially TNT-DP-Ica, elicited a lower inflammatory response compared to the Ti support. Moreover, the in vivo implantation studies evinced generation of a reduced fibrotic capsule around this implant and increased thickness of the newly formed bone tissue at 1 month and 3 months post-implantation, respectively. Overall, our results indicate that the controlled release of Ica from TNT surfaces could result in an improved osseointegration process.

Bioinspired TiO2/chitosan/HA coatings on Ti surfaces: biomedical improvement by intermediate hierarchical films

The most common reasons for hard-tissue implant failure are structural loosening and prosthetic infections. Hence, in this study, to overcome the first problem, different bioinspired coatings, including dual acid-etched, anodic TiO2 nanotubes array, anodic hierarchical titanium oxide (HO), micro- and nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) layers, and HA/chitosan (HA/CS) nanocomposite, were applied to the titanium alloy surfaces. X-ray diffraction and FTIR analysis demonstrated that the in situ HA/CS nanocomposite formed successfully. The MTT assay showed that all samples had excellent cell viability, with cell proliferation rates ranging from 120% to 150% after 10 days. The HO coating demonstrated superhydrophilicity (θ ≈ 0°) and increased the wettability of the metallic Ti surface by more than 120%. The friction coefficient of all fabricated surfaces was within the range of natural bone’s mechanical behavior. The intermediate HO layer increased the adhesion strength of the HA/CS coating by more than 60%. The HO layer caused the mechanical stability of HA/CS during the 1000 m of friction test. The microhardness of HA/CS (22.5 HV) and micro-HA (25.5 HV) coatings was comparable to that of human bone. A mechanism for improved adhesion strength of HA/CS coatings by intermediate oxide layer was proposed.

Characteristics of anodic TiO2 nanotube arrays mediated IrO2 Active Anode in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Characteristics of anodic TiO2 nanotube arrays mediated IrO2 Active Anode in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Intricate behaviors of gas phase CO2 photoreduction in high vacuum using Cu2O-loaded TiO2 nanotube arrays

Photoreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) in gas phase was investigated over composites of Cu2O nanoparticles (CNPs) and anodized TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs). CNPs with an average size of 90 nm were pulse-electrodeposited on vertically aligned hollow TiO2 nanotubes having average pore size of 90 nm. Radical trapping experiments with electron spin resonance spectroscopy suggest that photoinduced charge separation occurs via direct Z-scheme mechanism in Cu2O-loaded TNA (CNP/TNA) sample. Successively, CO2 photoreduction for CNP/TNA from water/CO2 mixture was monitored using a quadrupole mass analyzer in high vacuum, where the partial pressures of intermediate and final reaction species were measured in real time under ultraviolet-visible (UV–VIS) light irradiation (300–600 nm). The photoreduction of CO2 on CNP/TNA happens through preferred generation of formaldehyde (HCHO) and methanol (CH3OH), while platinum-loaded TNA (Pt/TNA) produced methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) instead of HCHO and CH3OH. Carbon monoxide (CO) formation was commonly observed for both CNP/TNA and Pt/TNA specimens. These results reveal that CO2 photoreduction occurs through hydrogenation in gas phase over CNP/TNA even in high vacuum, although CO2 deoxygenation to CH4 is conventionally dominant for gas phase reactions.

Effect of Dense Oxide Film Thickness on the Growth of Lower Layer Nanotubes

There are two opposite mechanisms for the growth of anodic TiO2 nanotubes. One is the field-assisted dissolution and ejection theory, the other is the oxygen bubble mold. In order to prove the latter mechanism is right, we constructed a three-layer nanotube structure (upper layer nanotubes + dense oxide film + lower layer nanotubes), which was obtained by three steps anodization. The upper and lower layers nanotubes are separated by a dense oxide film. When the dense oxide film is thin, the lower layer nanotubes is longer than the upper layer nanotubes. On the contrary, when the dense oxide film is thick, the lower layer nanotubes is shorter than the upper layer nanotubes. In either case, the anodization conditions of the upper and lower layer nanotubes are the same. This could not be explained by field-assisted dissolution theory. By analyzing the curve, we introduce a new method to decide the time of entering the third stage of the anodization, which is the main stage of nanotubes growth. With the second anodization voltage increases, the time edge entering the third stage become longer, which means the time to growth the nanotubes becomes shorter, and finally leading the different length of the nanotubes.

One-dimensional suboxide TiO2 nanotubes for electrodics applications

This mini-review summarizes the recent research on the applications of anodic one-dimensional suboxide titania nanostructures with enhanced electrodics properties by introducing atomic-scale defects into the titania systems. Due to the unique semiconductive properties of TiO2 nanostructures, so far, the main focus of research has been on photocatalytic applications of this semiconductor. The limited conductivity of pristine anodized titania restrains the application of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructured TiO2 as an electrode. However, recently published works present that suboxide TiO2 nanotubes, due to the enhanced conductivity, are promising electrodes for electrochemical applications. In this mini-review, we highlight the unique advantages of defective TiO2-x nanotubes as an electrode and address the recent electrodics applications of 1D anodic TiO2 nanotubes.

High-Frequency TiO2 Nanotube-Adapted Microwave Coplanar Waveguide Resonator for High-Sensitivity Ultraviolet Detection.

Ultraviolet (UV) sensors are a key component in growing applications such as water quality treatment and environmental monitoring, with considerable interest in their miniaturization and enhanced operation. This work presents a passive gold coplanar waveguide split ring resonator integrated with anodic self-organized TiO2 nanotube (TNT) membranes with a thickness of 20 μm to provide real-time UV detection. The resonator operated as a one-port device to capture the reflection coefficient (S11) signal, with a center frequency of 16 GHz and a notch amplitude of -88 dB. It was experimentally analyzed for its UV sensing capability in the range of 36.5-463 μW/cm2. The high-frequency resonator was improved through design choices including the addition of a tapered input transmission line, wire bonding for practical device design, and an interdigitated capacitive ring gap. The high frequency also helped mitigate noise due to water vapor or environmental contaminants. S11 amplitude variation was found through both experiments and modeling to follow a linear trend with UV illumination intensity. The resonator exhibited over 45 ± 2 dB shift in the resonant amplitude under the highest UV illumination conditions, with a sensitivity of 0.084 dB/μW cm-2 and the potential to sense UV intensity as low as 2.7 μW/cm2. The presented device enabled a repeatable and accurate microwave response under UV illumination with very high sensitivity, entirely through the use of passive circuit elements.