Anode For Lithium Ion Battery Application Research Articles

High Rate Performance of a Mn3O4/C Anode Material Prepared By One-Step Pyro-Synthesis for Lithium-Ion Batteries

In response to the ever-increasing global demand for electronic devices, Lithium-ion batteries have taken an important place in meeting this demand since they provide high voltage, high energy density, and are light weight. Nanostructured binary metal oxides (BMOs) which exhibit high theoretical capacity as a result of a conversion reaction. Among the BMOs, the manganese-based oxide hausmannite (Mn3O4) has attracted much attention due to it being low –cost and environmentally benign. A nanostructured Mn3O4/C electrode was prepared by a one-step polyol-assisted pyro-synthesis without any post-heat treatments. The as-prepared Mn3O4/C revealed nanostructured morphology comprised of secondary aggregates formed from carbon-coated primary particles of average diameters ranging between 20 and 40 nm, as evidenced from the electron microscopy studies. The N2 adsorption studies reveal a hierarchical porous feature in the nanostructured electrode. The nanostructured morphology appears to be related to the present rapid combustion strategy. The nanostructured porous Mn3O4/C electrode demonstrated impressive electrode properties with reversible capacities of 666 mAh/g at a current density of 33 mA/g, good capacity retentions (1141 mAh/g with 100% Coulombic efficiencies at the 100th cycle), and rate capabilities (307 and 202 mAh/g at 528 and 1056 mA/g, respectively) when tested as an anode for lithium-ion battery applications.

One-Step Pyro-Synthesis of a Nanostructured Mn3 O4 /C Electrode with Long Cycle Stability for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries.

A nanostructured Mn3 O4 /C electrode was prepared by a one-step polyol-assisted pyro-synthesis without any post-heat treatments. The as-prepared Mn3 O4 /C revealed nanostructured morphology comprised of secondary aggregates formed from carbon-coated primary particles of average diameters ranging between 20 and 40 nm, as evidenced from the electron microscopy studies. The N2 adsorption studies reveal a hierarchical porous feature in the nanostructured electrode. The nanostructured morphology appears to be related to the present rapid combustion strategy. The nanostructured porous Mn3 O4 /C electrode demonstrated impressive electrode properties with reversible capacities of 666 mAh g-1 at a current density of 33 mA g-1 , good capacity retentions (1141 mAh g-1 with 100 % Coulombic efficiencies at the 100th cycle), and rate capabilities (307 and 202 mAh g-1 at 528 and 1056 mA g-1 , respectively) when tested as an anode for lithium-ion battery applications.

3D interconnected SnO2-coated Cu foam as a high-performance anode for lithium-ion battery applications

A SnO2-coated Cu foam with 3D interconnected scaffold was fabricated as a self-supporting anode for lithium-ion batteries. The binder- and carbon- free electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity by preserving its structural integrity.

First-Principles Studies of Interfacial Chemistry in Silicon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications

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Thin copper phosphide films as conversion anode for lithium-ion battery applications

Air stable copper phosphide of thicknesses (0.2, 0.4μm) was synthesized over copper plates (of 10mm diameter) by hybrid electrochemical deposition and low temperature solid-state reaction. Stoichiometric amount of red phosphorus (P) were sprayed over electrodeposited copper and followed by annealing at 250°C under inert gas atmosphere for different durations (5h, 7h and 12h). During this process, phosphorus particles diffuse by excavating into the copper deposits, producing holes, where the Cu3P crystallites nucleate and lead to conglomeration of several agglomerates and hence resulted in non-homogeneous morphology. A small extend of Cu3P oxidation occurs over the film's top surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm that the layer to be pure Cu3P. Scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) reveals a porous microstructure consisting of agglomerated particles with ∼10μm size. The as-prepared carbon-free Cu3P electrodes exhibited significantly improved capacity retention and rate capability characteristics over 40 cycles when electrochemically tested against lithium at constant 20μA/cm2 rendering it as possible negative electrode for high energy density lithium-ion battery (LiB) applications.

In situcycling and mechanical testing of silicon nanowire anodes for lithium-ion battery applications

In this work, we investigate the mechanical properties of silicon nanowires, which have been subjected to in situ electrochemical alloying and de-alloying with lithium inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Following de-alloying, in situ tensile testing of wires was performed inside a SEM using a microelectromechanical force sensor and a piezo-driven actuator. Compared to pristine silicon nanowires, the de-alloyed wires show a significant decrease in both their elastic modulus as well as in their ultimate tensile strength with indications that the newly formed amorphous silicon layer changes the mechanical properties of the wire.

High Capacity Si/Polymer Composite Anode for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications

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A novel approach to explore Zn based anodes for lithium-ion battery applications

As an approach to investigate upon the electrochemical property of Zn as a possible lithium battery anode material, an ever first attempt to explore two types of Zn based alloy anodes, viz., Zn 0.9Ni 0.075In 0.025 (nickel rich) and Zn 0.9Ni 0.025In 0.075 (indium rich) was made. Citric acid assisted modified sol–gel method [CAM sol–gel] has been adopted to synthesize the anode materials at 500 °C and characterized further by XRD and SEM for phase purity and preferred surface morphology, respectively. An average crystallite size of 800 nm–1.2 μm has been calculated from the PXRD pattern and the compounds were found to exist in the cubic phase. A discharge capacity of 936 and 1155 mAh/g were exhibited by Zn 0.9Ni 0.075In 0.025 and Zn 0.9Ni 0.025In 0.075 anodes respectively, with an excellent capacity retention (>85%) and enhanced coulombic efficiency (95–98%). It is further understood that the Zn 0.9Ni 0.025In 0.075 anode with increased In content has exhibited promising electrochemical property with a steady state reversible capacity of ∼490 mAh/g even after 25 cycles, compared to the corresponding nickel rich counterpart, viz., Zn 0.9Ni 0.075In 0.025.

A prelithiated carbon anode for lithium-ion battery applications

A prelithiated carbon anode has been produced incorporating stabilised lithium metal powder. Electrodes have been fabricated which are partially lithiated, to compensate for the irreversible capacity of the anode material and combined with conventional Li-ion cathode materials. Fully lithiated anodes have also been fabricated and combined with non-lithiated cathode materials to produce a Li-ion cell.

Development and Characterization of Nanostructure Tin alloys as Anodes in Lithium - Ion Batteries

ABSTRACTSeveral tin-antimony and tin-zinc nanostructure alloys were electroplated from an acid bath, on a copper foil, at current densities higher by an order of magnitude than the limiting current density. They have been characterized as potential high-capacity anodes for lithium-ion battery applications. SEM micrographs of the tin-based alloys reveal nanosize particles, which aggregate into larger agglomerates of fractal shapes. On the nanoscale, the zinc-tin alloys have house-of-cards or honeycomb morphology. The composition of one series of tin based alloys was Sn:Sb (atomic ratio) 1.4:1 to 9:1; another alloy consisted of Sn:Sb:Cu in the ratio 34:10:4. All contained about 5% carbon and about 20% oxygen. The zinc-rich tin alloys contain at least 80 atomic percent zinc (their electrochemical characterization will be reported elsewhere). Tin-based alloys with low antimony content, have high reversible capacity (up to 700mAh/g), low irreversible capacity (about 24%), a better rate capability, and a lower average working potential vs. Li. On the other hand, alloys rich in antimony have a longer cycle life, but poor rate capability and a high average working potential vs. Li. The addition of copper to the tin-based alloys improved cycle life and slightly reduced irreversible capacity.