Anode For Lithium-ion Batteries Research Articles

Large-Scale Compatible Roll-to-Roll Coating of Paper Electrodes and Their Compatibility as Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

A recyclability perspective is essential in the sustainable development of energy storage devices, such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but the development of LIBs prioritizes battery capacity and energy density over recyclability, and hence, the recycling methods are complex and the recycling rate is low compared to other technologies. To improve this situation, the underlying battery design must be changed and the material choices need to be made with a sustainable mindset. A suitable and effective approach is to utilize bio-materials, such as paper and electrode composites made from graphite and cellulose, and adopt already existing recycling methods connected to the paper industry. To address this, we have developed a concept for fabricating fully disposable and resource-efficient paper-based electrodes with a large-scale roll-to-roll coating operation in which the conductive material is a nanographite and microcrystalline cellulose mixture coated on a paper separator. The overall best result was achieved with coated roll 08 with a coat weight of 12.83(22) g/m2 and after calendering, the highest density of 1.117(97) g/cm3, as well as the highest electrical conductivity with a resistivity of 0.1293(17) mΩ·m. We also verified the use of this concept as an anode in LIB half-cell coin cells, showing a specific capacity of 147 mAh/g, i.e., 40% of graphite’s theoretical performance, and a good long-term stability of battery capacity over extended cycling. This concept highlights the potential of using paper as a separator and strengthens the outlook of a new design concept wherein paper can both act as a separator and a substrate for coating the anode material.

Solution-Processed MoS2-Expanded Graphite as a Fast-Charging Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The widespread demand for battery-powered technologies has propelled the search for efficient and commercially viable electrode materials with fast-charging abilities. Reported herein is an MoS2-expanded graphite (EG) composite as a stable and high-rate lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode, delivering specific capacities of 796 mAh g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 and 320 mAh g-1 at 20 A g-1 over 400 cycles. Cyclability at extreme rates up to 50 A g-1 (~103 mAh g-1) illustrates its scope for fast charging applications. As a result of the processing technique, the exfoliated nanosheets have good interfacial contact which aids in charge transfer and maintaining structural integrity during continuous battery operation. Further, analytical electrochemical methods suggest a predominance of pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanism, explaining the anode performance at high rates.

Effects of structural design, interface optimization, and processing on the performance of lithium battery anode silicon nanomaterials

With an emphasis on the advancements in anode material research, this article offers a comprehensive summary of the major technologies used in lithium-ion batteries, a common type of electrochemical energy storage device. Because silicon has both benefits, such as low cost and high theoretical specific capacity, and significant drawbacks, including electrode pulverization and capacity loss due to volume expansion, it is the main focus of this study. This article goes into great detail on the use of silicon material nanosizing to enhance silicon anode performance, discussing how reducing particle size can mitigate the negative effects of volume changes during cycling. However, the section on compositing and structural design processes lacks sufficient depth, which limits the understanding of how these processes can further improve anode stability and efficiency. Furthermore, the article does not comprehensively cover the diverse methods utilized to enhance silicon anode performance, such as the incorporation of conductive additives or protective coatings. The challenges associated with the practical applications of silicon nanoparticles, such as scalability and cost-effectiveness, are examined in detail; nevertheless, the prospects for further research and technological advancements in these areas are not sufficiently addressed. This paper calls for more in-depth studies and innovations in compositing techniques, structural optimization, and practical solutions to realize the full potential of silicon anodes for advanced energy storage.

Aqueous Binder with Self-Emulsifying Characteristics for Practical Si/C Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Silicon/carbon (Si/C) materials have achieved commercial applications as a solution to the problems of large volume expansion and short lifespan of silicon-based anodes in lithium-ion batteries. However, the potential risk of structural fracture and localized differences in surface adsorption properties lead to difficulties in maintaining the structural integrity of Si/C anodes using conventional binders during repeated lithiation/delithiation. Herein, an aqueous binder (PVA-g-M) based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) grafted methacrylic acid (MAA) obtained by self-emulsifyingemulsion polymerization is reported. The introduction of carboxyl groups of MAA enables PVA-g-M to form more hydrogen bonds, thereby enhancing both the cohesion of the binder film and its adhesion to silicon-based surface. Simultaneously, the methyl-containing segments of MAA can wet the carbon-based surface, thereby enhancing the adhesion of PVA-g-M to carbonaceous materials. In addition, the hydroxyl groups on both the PVA segments and the silicon surface can be esterified with the carboxyl groups during the heat treatment, thus further improving the bonding strength. As-prepared Si/C anodes with PVA-g-M binder can significantly inhibit the electrode volume expansion and maintain high structural integrity during cycling as well as form SEIs with high lithium fluoride content, showing excellent cycling stability (81.1% capacity retention after 300 cycles).

Research Status of Lithium-ion battery anode materials

Research Status of Lithium-ion battery anode materials

Structural Design and Challenges of Micron-Scale Silicon-Based Lithium-ion Batteries.

Currently, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are at the forefront of energy storage technologies. Silicon-based anodes, with their high capacity and low cost, present a promising alternative to traditional graphite anodes in LIBs, offering the potential for substantial improvements in energy density. However, the significant volumetric changes that silicon-based anodes undergo during charge and discharge cycles can lead to structural degradation. Furthermore, the formation of excessive solid-electrolyte interphases (SEIs) during cycling impedes the efficient migration of ions and electrons. This comprehensive review focuses on the structural design and optimization of micron-scale silicon-based anodes from both materials and systems perspectives. Significant progress is made in the development of advanced electrolytes, binders, and conductive additives that complement micron-scale silicon-based anodes in both half and full-cells. Moreover, advancements in system-level technologies, such as pre-lithiation techniques to mitigate irreversible Li+ loss, have enhanced the energy density and lifespan of micron-scale silicon-based full cells. This review concludes with a detailed classification of the underlying mechanisms, providing a comprehensive summary to guide the development of high-energy-density devices. It also offers strategic insights to address the challenges associated with the large-scale deployment of silicon-based LIBs.

Unveiling the Potential of Bi/FeS-G Nanocomposites: A Pioneering Approach to Dual-Functional Anodes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries

Unveiling the Potential of Bi/FeS-G Nanocomposites: A Pioneering Approach to Dual-Functional Anodes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries

Fabrication of Fe2O3/CoFe2O4 pH-controlled nanocomposites as novel anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Fabrication of Fe2O3/CoFe2O4 pH-controlled nanocomposites as novel anodes for lithium-ion batteries

A low-temperature ionic liquid system for topochemical synthesis of Si nanospheres for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.

Silicon is utilized as a functional material in various fields such as semiconductors, bio-medicine, and solar energy. To prepare Si materials, researchers have proposed methods including carbothermal reduction, hydrothermal reduction, and magnesiothermal reduction, but these strategies often involve high temperatures or unwanted by-products. Herein, we present a low-temperature ionic liquid reduction system to prepare Si nanospheres based on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-aluminum chloride ([Bmim]Cl-AlCl3). In this low-temperature solution system, AlCl3 not only absorbs the heat generated in the reaction, but also can be reduced by metallic Mg to active intermediates, which participate in the reduction of SiO2. Furthermore, spherical SiO2 can be gently reduced to spherical nano-Si with preserved morphology in the [Bmim]Cl-AlCl3 system. When the prepared Si nanosphere electrode is employed as the anode in lithium-ion batteries, it demonstrates an initial coulombic efficiency of 82.9% and a capacity retention of 94.2% after 100 cycles at 0.5 A g-1. Moreover, the SVC electrode, obtained by reducing SiO2@C, exhibits almost no capacity decay after 100 cycles and retains a specific capacity of 914 mA h g-1 after 600 cycles at 2 A g-1. This study provides an alternative, mild preparative route to Si-based functional materials with preserved morphology and components of the Si precursors.

Rice straw -derived lignin-based carbon nanofibers as self-supporting electrodes for supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries

Self-supporting carbon fibers are extensively employed as active components in energy storage systems due to their tunable microstructures, large specific surface area, affordability, and excellent electrical conductivity. Nevertheless, conventional methods for producing carbon fibers typically involve complicated synthesis processes, environmental pollution, and high energy consumption. In this study, lignin-based carbon nanofibers (LCNFs) were prepared through electrospinning and subsequent heat treatment. The morphologies, crystal structures, and specific surface area of the as-prepared LCNFs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nitrogen sorption isotherms. The influence of lignin content on the on the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of the carbon nanofibers were examined, particularly in their applications as supercapacitor and lithium-ion battery anode materials. The as-prepared LCNF-2 possess the highest specific surface area of 468.3 m2 g−1. As a self-supporting electrode in supercapacitors (SCs), the LCNF-2 delivered 256.3 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, and capacitance retention of 62.0 % at the current density raised from 0.5 to 10 A g−1. The assembled LCNF-2//LCNF-2 symmetric supercapacitor demonstrated a specific capacitance of 168 F g−1 at 5 A g−1, maintaining 100 % capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles. Additionally, it achieved an energy density of 5.6 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1250.0 W kg−1. As a lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) anode, the LCNF-2 showed a discharge specific capacity of 1108.3 mAh g−1 and a discharge specific capacity of 377.3 mAh g−1 in the first cycle, with a capacity retention rate of 84.6 % after 100 cycles at 1C. This work offers a novel approach for the high-value utilization of agricultural waste straw lignin in energy storage devices.

Multidimensional core-shell nanocomposite of iron oxide-carbon tube and graphene nanosheet: A lithium-ion battery anode with enhanced performance through structural optimization

A novel multidimensional composite of 1D iron oxide (Fe3O4)-carbon tube and 2D graphene nanosheet (GNS) was demonstrated to be used as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Fe3O4-carbon tube-GNS manifested a unique core–shell composite structure, where the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were embedded in the carbon tube with the GNS. The material characterization confirmed that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were embedded in the highly graphitized carbon tube with the dispersed GNS. Fe3O4-carbon tube-GNS exhibited a high porosity (surface area: 62.3 m2/g, pore volume: 0.112 m3/g). It also exhibited an excellent electrochemical performance with a high reversible capacity (900 mAh/g at 1 A/g), a high coulombic efficiency (∼100 % for 100 cycles), and good rate capability (491 mAh/g at 5 A/g). The excellent electrochemical performance of our composite is attributed to the suppressed/accommodated volume expansion of Fe3O4 and formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer during lithiation/delithiation caused by unique multidimensional composite structure of Fe3O4-carbon tube-GNS with a continuous transport path for electrons and Li+. In addition, such the enhanced lithium storage of our composite is confirmed with the kinetic characterization at various scan rates by analyzing their storage and capacitive contributions.

Binder-enabled cross-scale stabilization of high-areal-capacity micro-sized silicon anodes for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries

Binder-enabled cross-scale stabilization of high-areal-capacity micro-sized silicon anodes for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries

Functionalized MXene anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Investigating the fundamental properties of anode materials is essential for developing lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, ab initio calculations are used to determine the suitability of MXene M2CTX (M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn; TX = Cl, Br, S, Se, O, and Te) sheets as anode materials for LIBs. We revealed that Cr2CSe2 sheet exhibited a Li storage capacity of 391.340mAh/g, surpassing that of graphite (372mAh/g). Furthermore, diffusion barrier analysis revealed considerably lower energy barriers (~0.05eV) for Li-ion diffusion along the C1–A–C2 pathway compared to graphite, demonstrating the potential for enhanced rate and capacity in MXene-based anode materials. These findings provide valuable insights into developing LIBs with enhanced performance.

A review of the carbon coating of the silicon anode in high-performance lithium-ion batteries

A review of the carbon coating of the silicon anode in high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Porous silicon/carbon composites as anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Porous silicon/carbon composites as anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Polythiophene side chain chemistry and its impact on advanced composite anodes for lithium-ion batteries.

In the development of high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the design of polymer binders, particularly through manipulation of side-chain chemistry, plays a pivotal role in optimizing electrode stability, ion transport, and adaptability to the volume changes during cycling. In particular, poly[3-(potassium-4-butanoate)thiophene-2,5-diyl] (P3KBT) increases magnetite and silicon capacity and cycling stability. This work explores the impact of polythiophene alkyl sidechain length on anode characteristics, aiming to enhance performance in LIBs. P3KBT and its alkyl chain alternatives, poly[3-(potassium-5-pentanoate)thiophene-2,5-diyl] (P3KPT) and poly[3-(potassium-6-hexanoate)thiophene-2,5-diyl] (P3KHT) were systematically investigated over 300 charge-discharge cycles. The experiments were designed to assess how varying side-chain length affects the stability, ion transport, and capacity retention of the electrodes. The results revealed that P3KHT, with its longer alkyl chain, exhibited superior capacity retention and reduced charge-transfer resistance after 300 cycles compared to its shorter chain analogs. The findings demonstrate that tailored side chains can improve ion transport, structural integrity, and capacity retention, addressing critical challenges in LIBs such as capacity fade and electrode degradation. This research contributes to the development of next-generation LIBs with enhanced performance and reliability.

Spatially confined transition metals boost high initial coulombic efficiency in alloy anodes.

Alloy-type materials hold significant promise as high energy density anodes for lithium-ion batteries. However, the initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) is significantly hindered by the poor reversibility of the conversion reaction and volume expansion. Here, the NiO/SnO2 multilayers with a hybrid interface of alloy and transition metal oxides are proposed to generate Ni nanoparticles within confined layers, catalyzing Li2O decomposition and suppressing the coarsening of Sn or Li2O particles. Supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and revealed by operando magnetometry, the spatially confined, well maintained Ni active sites lower the energy barrier for Li-O bond rupture and enhance the migration dynamics of Li+. The enhanced reaction kinetics lead to achievement of an impressive ICE of 92.3% and a large capacity of 1247 mA h g-1 with 97% retention after 800 cycles. Furthermore, the NiO/SnO2 anode exhibits excellent electrochemical performances in both Na/K-ion batteries. Notably, when constructed with the same framework, SiO2 also delivers significantly improved lithium storage properties with ultra-high ICEs. This work paves the way for advanced designs of alloy-type anodes that satisfy both ICE and overall electrochemical performance.

Mixed-phase enabled high-rate copper niobate anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Mixed-phase copper niobate anodes for lithium-ion batteries consisting of various phases work synergistically to deliver high electrochemical capacities at exceptional cycling rates.

Design of Edge-Modified hard carbon frameworks with embedded silicon as a high-performance anode for Lithium-Ion batteries

Design of Edge-Modified hard carbon frameworks with embedded silicon as a high-performance anode for Lithium-Ion batteries

Bi2O3/Bi quasi-nanospheres in-situ embedded in N-doped porous carbon and reinforced via Bi-O-C bonding towards improved lithium storage performance

To mitigate the volume swelling and poor conductivity issues faced by Bi2O3 during Li storage, this work prepares an efficient Bi2O3-based composite through a simple freeze-drying and subsequent carbonization method, which improves the electrochemical performance of Bi2O3. The findings confirm that in this composite (Bi2O3/Bi@PC) the Bi2O3 (containing small amounts of Bi) quasi-nanospheres are embedded within an N-doped porous carbon matrix (PC) and formation of Bi-O-C chemical bonding between Bi2O3/Bi and carbon matrix. The electrochemical characterization results demonstrate that PC physical embedding and Bi-O-C chemical bonding dual combination endows Bi2O3/Bi@PC with enhanced conductivity, improved Li+ diffusion coefficient and reinforced structural stability during cycle. As a result, Bi2O3/Bi@PC exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance, with 451.4 and 309.3 mAh g-1 after 400 and 600 cycles at 200 and 1000mAg-1, respectively. This study may provide essential guidance for future preparing advanced Bi-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries through a simple and efficient strategy.