Composite Anode Research Articles

Highly stable lithium metal anodes enabled by bimetallic metal-organic frameworks derivatives-modified carbon cloth.

Lithium (Li) metal anodes hold great promise for next-generation secondary batteries with high energy density. Unfortunately, several problems such as Li dendrite growth, low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycle life hinder the commercialization of Li metal anodes. Herein, we design a highly lithiophilic carbon cloth host modified with Sn-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) (ZnSn-CC) directly derived from a bimetallic ZnSn metal-organic framework (ZnSn-MOF), which boosts uniform Li plating/stripping during charge-discharge and effectively protects the Li metal anode. Due to the lithiophilic modification, the cycling reversibility of the host material is increased and the growth of Li dendrites and the generation of "dead Li" are inhibited. As a result, the resultant composite Li metal anode (ZnSn-CC@Li) manages to retain cycling stability for over 1000h at a current density of 1mAcm-2 and a specific capacity of 1mAhcm-2 in a symmetric cell. When paired with the LiFePO4 (LFP) and LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM) cathodes, both the assembled ZnSn-CC@Li||LFP and ZnSn-CC@Li||NCM full cell achieve good rate capability and improved cycle life. Density functional theory calculations, in combination with in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), in-situ time-lapse optical testing, ex-situ extended X-ray fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis, reveal the origin of the synergetic interaction between Tin (Sn) and Zinc (Zn) atoms upon Sn-doping in ZnO. The improved lithiophilicity can be attributed to the incorporation of Sn atoms, which have a higher coordination number than Zn atoms, into the ZnO lattice, forming joint adsorption sites of multiple oxygen atoms toward Li atoms. The Li nucleation barrier is thereby reduced and the smooth Li deposition is facilitated. The findings provide a new strategy for the rational design of functional host materials based on bimetallic MOFs derivatives toward high-performance and safe Li metal batteries.

Pre-Lithiated Silicon-Based Composite Anode for High-Performance All-Solid-State Batteries.

Silicon is widely recognized as a promising anode material for all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) due to exceptional specific capacity, abundant availability, and environmental sustainability. However, the considerable volume expansion and particle fragmentation of Si during cycling lead to significant performance degradation, limiting its practical application. Herein, the development of a pre-lithiated Si-based composite anode (c-Li1Si) is presented, designed to address the key challenges faced by Si-based anodes, namely severe volume changes and low electrochemical stability. The c-Li1Si anodes are prepared by incorporating Li₁Si powders with Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) sulfide solid electrolyte (SSE), forming a dense structure that enhances conductivity and mitigates structural degradation. The ASSBs with c-Li1Si-60 anode exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance, including excellent rate capability and capacity retention of 84.4% after 1000 cycles at 1C and exceptional performance even at low anode-to-cathode capacity ratios (N/P ratio) of 1.68. EIS and pressure measurements reveal improved reaction kinetics and reduced volume expansion. X-ray micro-CT and SEM further confirmed the introduction of LPSCl effectively alleviated volume changes and maintained electrode structural integrity, contributing to enhanced electrochemical performance. These results underscore the potential of the c-Li1Si anode to overcome the intrinsic limitations of Si-based anodes, offering a promising pathway toward high-energy-density ASSBs.

Enhanced lithium-ion battery performance with a novel composite anode: S-doped graphene oxide, polypyrrole, and fumed silica

In this work, a novel composite anode material was developed, utilizing S-doped graphene oxide (SGO), polypyrrole (PPy), and fumed silica to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The chronoamperometric approach was used to produce SGO, while the chemical method was employed to synthesize PPy. A composite of SGO, PPy, and fumed silica was prepared as an anode for a half-cell, using two samples: one with a high PPy ratio (S1) and the other with a low PPy ratio (S2) and compared the results with bare sample (S0). The S1 sample exhibited a good initial discharge capacity (648 mAh g-1), with capacities of 207 and 131 mAh g-1at 5 C and 10 C, respectively. S1 and S2 also demonstrated superior cycling stability at a high current (100 cycles at 10 C), with a retention capacity of 99 and 87%, respectively compared with S0 which retained only 68%. Coin-type full cells with S1 as the anode and LiFePO4(LFP) as the cathode were assembled and compared with commercial graphite anodes. The S1 full cell showed a high reversible capacity (164 mAh g-1at 0.1 C), with a capacity retention of 66% after 100 cycles at 10 C. At the same time, the graphite anode exhibited a reversible capacity of 133 mAh g-1at 0.1 C, with a capacity retention of 58% after 100 cycles at 10 C. The S1 full cell achieved a gravimetric energy density of 164 W h kg-1at 0.1 C and 49 W h kg-1at 10 C, which is 25% greater than that of the graphite full cell(39 W h kg-1) at 10 C. These distinguishing characteristics of S1 make it a viable substitute for graphite as a high-performance anode material in LIBs, opening the possibility for devices with reliable battery systems.

Manipulation of the Anode Interphase by Multicomponent Composite Sodium for Fast‐Charging and Low‐Temperature Sodium Metal Batteries

AbstractStable operation in the all‐climate condition is a practical pursuit of the development of high‐performance sodium metal batteries (SMBs), however, blocked by the instable interphases and slow kinetics of metallic anode. Herein, a unique multicomponent Na15Sn4/NaF@Na composite anode is specially designed by mechanical rolling method, in which Na15Sn4 can lower the nucleation barrier and promote the uniform deposition of Na+, while NaF can prevent electron tunneling and stabilize the interface in the commercially available ester electrolyte, finally enhance performance of the cell. The synergistic manipulated interface by the composite anode can not only facilitate a high stripping/plating capacity and ultralong lifespan without dendrite formation, but also endow the full SMB an ultrafast charging capability and outstanding low‐temperature performance: The Na15Sn4/NaF@Na||NVP full cell operates stably for 1175 cycles at an ultrahigh current density of 100 C with 80% capacity retention at room temperature, and maintains stability over 1000 cycles at −20 °C with 97.9% capacity retention. Moreover, the remarkable stability of the full cell at the extreme low temperature of −40 °C or even under the extreme temperature shock, combined with the impressive performance of the pouch cell validly demonstrate the practical application aspect of Na15Sn4/NaF@Na composite anode.

Influences of carbon nanotubes as electrode materials on the energy storage for lithium-ion batteries

Due to inherent theoretical capacity limitations and safety issues associated with commonly used anode materials in lithium-ion batteries, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with their unique one-dimensional tubular structure and superior mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, can partially address these deficiencies and enhance lithium storage capacity. Therefore, this paper concentrates on the impacts of carbon nanotubes as electrode materials on energy storage for lithium-ion batteries. It discusses three aspects in detail: the use of CNTs as direct anode materials, as composite anode materials, and as flexible electrode materials. Each application will be examined in terms of its specific advantages, existing challenges, and corresponding solutions to improve battery performance. The paper also evaluates the role of CNTs in enhancing the electrochemical stability, improving cycle life, and achieving higher power densities, which makes them highly promising for next-generation energy storage solutions, particularly for portable and flexible electronic devices. Additionally, the unique ability of CNTs to form a highly conductive network facilitates efficient charge transport and reduces internal resistance, further contributing to the overall performance of the battery. Future research directions may focus on optimizing the synthesis methods and improving the interface interactions between CNTs and other active materials, to fully leverage their properties for enhanced safety, higher efficiency, and lower costs. As such, carbon nanotubes are seen as key materials that could play an important role in meeting the growing demand for advanced energy storage systems.

Tracing the Origins of Calendar Aging in Si-Containing Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with silicon/graphite composite (Si/C) anodes are still facing the challenge of unsatisfactory calendar life, and the specific impact of Si on this issue is largely unknown. Herein, the calendar aging behaviors are quantified across scales and explored in a top-down manner. Batteries with 10 wt % Si/C anodes suffer a 4-fold decrease in the overall lifetime and a 4-5-fold increase in irreversible anode loss. Significant parasitic reactions and solid electrolyte interphase growth occur after 72 h of storage with an oxygen increase of 1.3 times on the anode surface and 26 times in the interphase. The micromorphology and component are analyzed in detail, highlighting remarkable Li2CO3 precipitation. Finally, the impact on calendar aging is discussed in both external conditions and internal components. Mitigating the electrolyte decomposition caused by active Si will be key to improving the battery's calendar life.

Harnessing the power of microbial fuel cells as pioneering green technology: advancing sustainable energy and wastewater treatment through innovative nanotechnology.

The purpose of this review is to gain attention about intro the advanced and green technology that has dual action for both clean wastewater and produce energy.Water scarcity and the continuous energy crisis have arisen as major worldwide concerns, requiring the creation of ecologically friendly and sustainable energy alternatives. The rapid exhaustion of fossil resources needs the development of alternative energy sources that reduce carbon emissions while maintaining ecological balance. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) provide a viable option by producing power from the oxidation of organic and biodegradable chemicals using microorganisms as natural catalysts. This technology has sparked widespread attention due to its combined potential to cleanse wastewater and recover energy. The review presents a complete examination of current advances in MFCs technology, with a focus on the crucial role of anode materials in improving their performance. Moreover, different anode materials and their nanoscale modifications are being studied to boost MFC efficiency. This current review alsofocused on the effects of surface modifications and different anode compositions on power generation and system stability. It also investigates the electrochemical principles behind these enhancements, providing insights into the economic potential of MFCs. MFCs provide a long-term solution to energy and environmental issues by addressing both wastewater treatment and energy production.

In-situ exsolution super-excess Ni metal anchoring on Ba2V0.4Fe0.9Mo0.7O6−δ using as high catalytic activity solid oxide fuel cell composite anode

Perovskite materials, such as Ba2FeMoO6−δ using as Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) anodes have shown excellent anti-carbon deposition to catalyze hydrocarbon fuel gases. However, the perovskite-based anodes still show insufficient catalytic activity and conductivity, which restricted for achieving highest SOFC power output. In this work, a Ni super-excess Ba2V0.4Fe0.9Mo0.7O6−δ-Nix (BVFMO-Nix, x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) composite anode was first synthesized by in-situ exsolving FeNi3 alloy nanoparticles and firmly anchoring on the surface of parent BVFMO, which shows obvious improvement in conductivity and catalytic activity for methane fuel gas. When BVFMO-Ni0.4 is subjected to methane reforming for hydrogen production, the conversion rate reaches 56 % at 750 °C and remains above 50 % for more than 640 h continue test. Using BVFMO-Ni0.4 as a single-cell composite anode and testing at 850 °C, the maximum power outputs reach 991 mW cm−2 and 578 mW cm−2 with hydrogen and methane as fuel gas, respectively.

Polythiophene side chain chemistry and its impact on advanced composite anodes for lithium-ion batteries.

In the development of high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the design of polymer binders, particularly through manipulation of side-chain chemistry, plays a pivotal role in optimizing electrode stability, ion transport, and adaptability to the volume changes during cycling. In particular, poly[3-(potassium-4-butanoate)thiophene-2,5-diyl] (P3KBT) increases magnetite and silicon capacity and cycling stability. This work explores the impact of polythiophene alkyl sidechain length on anode characteristics, aiming to enhance performance in LIBs. P3KBT and its alkyl chain alternatives, poly[3-(potassium-5-pentanoate)thiophene-2,5-diyl] (P3KPT) and poly[3-(potassium-6-hexanoate)thiophene-2,5-diyl] (P3KHT) were systematically investigated over 300 charge-discharge cycles. The experiments were designed to assess how varying side-chain length affects the stability, ion transport, and capacity retention of the electrodes. The results revealed that P3KHT, with its longer alkyl chain, exhibited superior capacity retention and reduced charge-transfer resistance after 300 cycles compared to its shorter chain analogs. The findings demonstrate that tailored side chains can improve ion transport, structural integrity, and capacity retention, addressing critical challenges in LIBs such as capacity fade and electrode degradation. This research contributes to the development of next-generation LIBs with enhanced performance and reliability.

Fabrication of Efficient Composite Anode Based on SiC for Direct Carbon Fuel Cell

Fabrication of Efficient Composite Anode Based on SiC for Direct Carbon Fuel Cell

Structural relaxation behavior of nano silicon-graphite composite anode after lithium-ion insertion

Structural relaxation behavior of nano silicon-graphite composite anode after lithium-ion insertion

High-Pressure Enabled High-Entropy (CrFeCoNiMn)4S5 Composite Anode for Enhanced Durability and High-Rate Sodium-Ion Batteries

Transition metal sulfides (TMS) have gained attention as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their low cost and high theoretical capacity. However, their cyclic stability is often...

Cobweb-like Porous Architecture Engineering for Silicon-Rich Composite Anode

Cobweb-like Porous Architecture Engineering for Silicon-Rich Composite Anode

Enhancement Strategies for Si/C Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

The escalating dependence on energy within contemporary society while facing the limitations of traditional fossil fuels has spurred the advancement of energy storage technologies, with particular emphasis on lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Si/C composite anodes have emerged as a viable alternative to graphite anodes, primarily owing to their superior specific capacity and improved cycling performance. However, Si anodes face the challenge of volume expansion during charge/discharge cycling, which leads to capacity degradation and limits their practical application in LIBs. Recent research has focused on addressing these issues through various strategies aimed at optimizing the structural stability and enhancing the electrochemical performance of Si/C composites. The explored key methodologies include the implementation of double carbon shells, the optimization of porosity, and innovative microelectronic printing techniques. These approaches have demonstrated significant improvements in the cycle life and energy retention of the batteries, positioning Si/C composites as a promising solution for next-generation high-performance energy storage systems.

Research Progress of Silicon/Carbon Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have garnered attention because of their high energy density and lightweight properties. However, LIBs typically use graphite for the anode material, which shows a relatively low specific capacity that can hardly meet the growing energy storage demands. Compared with traditional graphite anodes, silicon anodes have already been proven to possess higher specific capacities. Additionally, silicon is abundant and relatively inexpensive. Nonetheless, silicon anodes undergo significant volume expansion during the charge-discharge process, generating mechanical stress that can lead to potential cracking and capacity loss. Moreover, they exhibit relatively low initial coulombic efficiency, causing a considerable amount of lithium to be irreversibly consumed during the initial cycles. To address these issues, various nanotechnology-based strategies have been developed, including silicon/carbon (Si/C) composite anodes and the development of other nanostructured materials. These approaches aim to optimize interface structure, particle structure, and composite structure design to enhance battery performance and durability. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the application of nanotechnology in silicon anodes, focusing on the advancements in silicon/carbon composites and their effects on mitigating volume expansion, improving initial coulombic efficiency, and maintaining capacity retention. Additionally, it analyzes the impact of different nanostructure designs on battery performance.

Application of metal oxide-based materials for improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries

With the continuous development of electric vehicles, battery technology has also been developed rapidly. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with a variety of advantages become the primary choice of the current battery industry. The global demand for lithium element also shows a rapidly rising trend, however, the global supply of lithium is in a relatively urgent stage. By improving the service life and efficiency of LIBs has become a hot research topic. One of the research directions is to improve the performance of battery by improving the structure of electrode materials, and metal oxide materials have become an important part of improving the performance of electrode materials by virtue of their low cost, high structural stability, high service life and high energy density. This research will introduce manganese-based oxide cathode materials, chromium oxide cathode materials, nanostructured copper oxide anode materials, and carbon/metal oxide composite anode materials. These four types of materials can improve the service life and electrochemical performance of LIBs by improving the structural stability of the materials and increasing the flow rate of lithium ions at the electrode.

A Review on Graphene Composite Nanomaterials in Anode of Lithium-Ion Battery

The article discusses the current research status and development trend of graphene composite anode materials which is made for lithium-ion batteries. With the rapid growth of the electric vehicle industry, batteries have become an increasingly significant component, and graphene composites have attracted extensive interest from researchers as a promising material. Graphene has a high surface area and excellent electrical conductivity, but there is still room for improvement in its application in anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Compounding graphene with other materials can further improve the battery performance. Here the research results of several graphene composites are listed, and these composites show excellent performance in terms of cycling performance and capacity, which provide an important reference direction for further research on graphene composites.

Silver enhanced 3D carbon nanofiber membrane via electrospinning for high performance lithium metal anodes

A silver (Ag) enhanced 3D carbon nanofiber membrane (Ag@CNFM) was synthesized through a combination of electrospinning and heat treatment techniques, with polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and silver nitrate as precursors playing different roles in this process. Additionally, Ag-enhanced 3D carbon fiber membrane composite anodes were obtained by electrodeposition at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 for 10 h with a total deposition capacity of 10 mAh cm−2. The composite materials (denoted as Ag@CNFM/Li) working in symmetrical cells exhibited 1.2 mV overpotential after charging and discharging over 2000 h at 5 mA cm−2. Ag@CNFM/Li fulfilled a high discharge specific capacity of 109.66 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 0.5 C and 141. 59 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at a current density of 1 C with LiFePO4 (LFP) and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) working as counter electrode, maintaining a capacity retention of 87.37% and 72.8%. Even at a higher current density of 5 C, Ag@CNFM/Li retained a discharge specific capacity of 85.05 and 159.14 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 61.54% and 79.7% in LFP and NCM811 full cells, respectively.

Enhanced Performance with Nano-Porous Silicon in TiFeSi2/C Composite Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Enhanced Performance with Nano-Porous Silicon in TiFeSi2/C Composite Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Artificial Graphite-Based Silicon Composite Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

To develop an advanced anode for lithium-ion batteries, the electrochemical performance of a novel material comprising a porous artificial carbon (PAC)-Si composite was investigated. To increase the pore size and surface area of the composite, ammonium bicarbonate (ABC) was introduced during high-energy ball-milling, ensuring a uniform distribution of silicon within the PAC matrix. The physical and structural properties of the developed material were evaluated using several advanced techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and galvanostatic intermittent titration (GITT). Artificial graphite contains several macropores that can accommodate volume hysteresis and provide effective sites for anchoring Si nanoparticles, enabling efficient electrochemical reactions. GITT analysis revealed that the PAC-Si-CB-ABC composite exhibited superior lithium-ion diffusion compared to conventional graphite. The developed PAC(55%)-Si(45%)-CB-ABC electrode with PAA as the binder demonstrated a reversible capacity of 850 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1 and a high-rate capability of 600 mAh g-1 at 2000 mA g-1. A full cell employing the NCM622 cathode exhibited reversible cyclability of 128.9 mAh g-1 with a reasonable energy density of 323.3 Wh kg-1. These findings suggest that the developed composite is a useful anode system for advanced lithium-ion batteries.