Annuloplasty Research Articles

Comparative Outcomes of Mitral Valve Annuloplasty With Support Rings and Autopericardial Strip in Patients With Degenerative Diseases

Objective: To compare the outcomes of mitral valve annuloplasty with support rings and that of the current technique employing an autopericardial strip in patients with degenerative diseases (patent RU2774033C1, June 14, 2022).Materials and methods: The study included 105 patients with degenerative mitral valve disease who underwent surgery in our clinic from May 2010 to January 2020. Depending on the conduit type, the patients were divided into two groups. Group I included 53 patients who underwent mitral valve annuloplasty with an autopericardial strip. Group II included 52 patients who underwent annuloplasty with a support ring. Male patients predominated in both groups: 59.6% and 57.7%, respectively. The mean age of patients was 54.9 ± 9.5 years (36–78 years) in group I and 54.8 ± 10.05 years (32–70 years) in group II. In most cases, tri- and quadrangular resections of the P2 segment were performed, and in some cases, neochords were implanted to the A2 segment.Results: There was 1 death in group II as a result of progressive cardiovascular and multiple organ failure while in group I no hospital mortality was reported. At the discharge, 81.1% of patients in group I and 59.6% of patients in group II had no mitral regurgitation.Conclusions: The current technique of mitral valve annuloplasty with an autopericardial strip in patients with degenerative diseases allows for adequate stabilization of the annulus fibrosus and improves the surgical outcomes in selected patients. With our proposed method of mitral valve annuloplasty, the suitable strip length can be chosen for each patient.

Robotically assisted mitral valve repair—port-only totally endoscopic approach

: Robotic mitral valve repair (MVR) is an emerging option to treat degenerative valve disease. Compared to open thoracotomy, robotic mitral valve surgery has been shown to afford decreased postoperative length of stay with comparable rates of mortality and morbidity. Among the variety of techniques for robotic MVR, the totally endoscopic approach remains the least invasive method to date. In this report, we describe our technique for totally endoscopic robotically-assisted MVR. In particular, we seek to highlight the use of several unique techniques in MVR. Percutaneous cannulation with use of the endoballoon is employed for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), thus avoiding traditional aortic cross-clamping. Moreover, intercostal nerve cryoanesthesia is performed from T3–T9 to reduce post-operative pain and aid in reducing opioid management. Barbed, nonabsorbable sutures are used throughout the procedure (for left atrial appendage closure, mitral valve annuloplasty band placement, left atrial closure, pericardial re-approximation), eliminating the need for knot-tying at several steps. We also detail the installation of two sets of neochords for mitral regurgitation and the fastening of the mitral annuloplasty band. Finally, we would like to highlight the small size of each port used in the case (eight millimeters maximum diameter). Taken together, these features of the robotic platform make it notable for its minimally invasive approach to MVR.

Prevention of Mitral Ring Dehiscence by a Simple Modification of Suture Placement.

Ring dehiscence is a serious complication after mitral valve annuloplasty, tending to occur primarily from the posterior annulus. The tension on the ring sutures during the cardiac cycle is one of the suspected reasons; to minimize this tension, we apply four additional pledgeted sutures positioned supra-annularly at critical hinge points and could achieve a marked reduction of annular dehiscence since.

New therapeutic approach for tricuspid regurgitation: Transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement or repair.

The tricuspid valve is a complex structure with normal function dependent on the leaflet morphology, right atrial and annular dynamics, and right ventricular and chordal support. Thus, the pathophysiology of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is equally complex and current medical and surgical management options are limited. Transcatheter devices are currently being investigated as possible treatment options with lower morbidity and mortality than open surgical procedures. These devices can be divided by their implant location/mechanism of action: leaflet approximation devices, annuloplasty devices, orthotopic valve implants, and heterotopic valve implants. The current review will discuss each class of transcatheter device therapy, and further delve into the current understanding of who and when to treat. Finally, we will include a brief discussion of the future of device and surgical therapy trials for TR and the remaining questions to answer about this complex disease process.

Comparison of Pericardial and Prosthetic Rings for Mitral Repair: Are Pericardial Rings Durable in the Mid- to Long-Term Follow Up?

While prosthetic rings are commonly used for mitral valve repairs, autologous pericardium is an alternative ring material that can be used in these procedures. In this report, we aim to present a comparison of two types of rings used for mitral repair. Between January 2005 and January 2009, 107 patients who underwent mitral valve repair surgery were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups, according to the type of ring that was used for mitral annular stabilization. Glutaraldehyde-treated pericardial rings were used for 31 patients (group 1), whereas prosthetic rings were used for 76 patients (group 2). Survival, freedom from reoperation, recurrent mitral regurgitation, and the effects of rheumatic mitral disease on these parameters were evaluated and compared for both groups. Follow-up time for our cohort was 4.24±0.4 years. There were four and seven late mortalities in groups 1 and 2, respectively, and five reoperations in each group. There was no significant difference between the groups, in terms of survival, freedom from reoperation, and recurrent mitral regurgitation (log-rank analyses for both groups were P = 0.777, P = 0.346, and P = 0.781, respectively). There was no significant difference in freedom from reoperation and recurrent mitral regurgitation for both groups, in terms of underlying rheumatic valvular disease and other types of pathology. Pericardial ring annuloplasty shows to be a considerable alternative technique for mitral valve repair procedures in the mid- to long-term follow up. Rheumatic mitral valves had poor outcomes, when compared with other types of structural valvular pathologies in cases where pericardial rings were used in the repair procedure.

A challenging triple valve surgery for long-standing pulmonary hypertension in rheumatic heart disease: a case report

Background Pulmonary hypertension is an increase in the mean pulmonary arterial pressure, greater than 25mmHg at rest, or greater than 30mmHg while exercising. In valvular heart disease its presence indicates a decompensated state of the disease. Surgical interventions are the ultimate treatment for the correction of valvular heart disease. Case Report A 38-year-old female was admitted to the Emergency Department (ER) with complaints of shortness of breath, chest pain, palpitations, and history of fainting. The patient was initially scheduled for aortic and mitral valve replacement and tricuspid valve repair at the end of year 2020. However, due to covid-19 pandemic, the patient was re-scheduled for surgery. On the 15th of June 2022, the patient was admitted to the ER of Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, and was consulted to the CTVS division. On the 17th of June 2022, the patient underwent a successful mitral valve replacement using mechanical St. Jude 29 mm valve, mechanical St. Jude 17 mm for aortic valve position, and tricuspid valve repair commissurotomy and using MC3 Edward ring annuloplasty. The patient was hospitalized for seven days and underwent successful first phase cardiac rehabilitation before discharge. The patient has since made remarkable improvements, establishing better quality of life. Conclusion Reduced pulmonary pressures postoperatively are often modest, and persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH) is known to be common and an indicator of poor prognosis. For patients with long-standing pulmonary hypertension due to rheumatic heart disease, valve replacement surgery effectively reduces pulmonary hypertension caused by damage to the left heart valve.

Simple and Safe: Inverse Plication of the Posterior Mitral Leaflet in Everyday Mitral Valve Reconstruction with and without Concomitant Procedures.

Objective: Cardiosurgical mitral valve repair (MVR) cannot be easily replaced by other interventional procedures due to the complexity of mitral valve regurgitation as well as physiologic and anatomic repair techniques. A wide variety of techniques have been adopted for proper reconstruction of posterior leaflet prolapse. We investigated the long-term results of quadrangular resections and compared them with a simplified reconstruction maneuver, the inverse plication. Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 1977 patients after mitral valve repair between 2004 and 2022. After considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, we analyzed data from 180 patients after MVR with and without concomitant procedures such as CABG and/or aortic valve replacement (AVR). All MVRs were performed with a semi-rigid annuloplasty ring. A total of 180 patients received quadrangular resection (QuadRes, N = 120)) or inverse plication (InvPlic, N = 60) of the posterior leaflet, among other measures. Demographic data, risk factors, procedure times, hospitalization time, early and long-term mortality as well as Kaplan-Meier survival were analyzed. Results: Age (65.3 vs. 63.1 years) and sex (28.8% female vs. 337.5% female) did not differ significantly, and the EuroSCORE was significantly higher in the InvPlic group (6.46 ± 2.75) than in the QuadRes group (5.68 ± 3.1). Procedural times did not differ for cardiopulmonary bypass, and were as follows: InvPlic 136 ± 44 min; QuadRes 140 ± 48 min; X-Clamp: InvPlic 91 ± 31 min; QuadRes 90 ± 32 min. Hospitalization time was slightly but insignificantly lower in the InvPlic group (15.5 days) than in the QuadRes group (16.1 days). Early mortality (5.08% vs. 8.33%) and re-do procedures (1.69% InvPlic; 6.67% QuadRes) did not differ significantly. However, long-term mortality was significantly lower in the InvPlic group (15.25% vs. 32.32%, p = 0.029). Conclusions: Among the surgical measures for the posterior leaflet, inverse plication appears to be non-inferior to quadrangular resection in unselected all-comer patients. Long-term results and absence of re-do procedures indicate very good stability. Thus, inverse plication not only allows correction of PML, but is also completely safe in the long term and can replace quadrangular resection, especially in patients where a reduction in technical challenges and procedure duration is desired.

In silico analysis provides insights for patient-specific annuloplasty in Barlow's disease

ObjectiveTo predict the required mitral annular area reduction in patients with Barlow's disease to obtain a predefined leaflet area index by a novel in silico modeling method. MethodsThree-dimensional echocardiography was used to create patient-specific mitral valve models of 8 patients diagnosed with Barlow's disease and bileaflet prolapse preoperatively. Six patients were also studied postoperatively in a finite element framework, to quantify the optimal coaptation area index. For the patient-specific finite element analyses, realistic papillary muscle and annular motion are incorporated, also for the in silico annuloplasty analyses. The annuloplasty ring size is reduced moderately until the optimal coaptation area index is achieved for each patient. ResultsThe mean mitral annular area at end-diastole was reduced by 58 ± 7% postoperatively (P < .001), resulting in a postoperative coaptation area index of 20 ± 5%. To achieve the same coaptation area index with moderate annular reductions and no leaflet resection the annular reduction was 31 ± 6% (P < .001). ConclusionsIn silico analysis in selected patients diagnosed with Barlow's disease demonstrates that annuloplasty with only moderate annular reduction may be sufficient to achieve optimal coaptation as compared to conventional surgical procedures.

Coaptation Length as Predictor of Recurrent Mitral Regurgitation After Surgical Repair for Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease: Meta-Analysis of Reconstructed Time-to-Event Data

Coaptation Length as Predictor of Recurrent Mitral Regurgitation After Surgical Repair for Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease: Meta-Analysis of Reconstructed Time-to-Event Data

Comparative analysis of mid-term outcomes of Rigid and NeoRing support rings in mitral regurgitation surgery: a prospective randomized trial

Highlights. For the first time, as part of a prospective randomized study, a comparative assessment of the mid-term results of mitral valve annuloplasty using a new biological NeoRing ring (CJSC NeoKor, Kemerovo) and a RIGID ring (CJSC NPP MedInzh, Penza) in patients with connective tissue dysplasia was carried out. Predictors of the conversion of sinus rhythm to atrial fibrillation and residual mitral insufficiency in the medium-term follow-up period were determined.Aim. To analysis and compare mid-term results of mitral valve annuloplasty conducted using NeoRing и RIGID rings.Methods. From November 2019 to March 2022, 62 patients with mitral valve (MV) dysplasia underwent MV annuloplasty using NeoRing semi-rigid rings (CJSC NeoKor, Kemerovo, n = 31) and rigid RIGID rings (CJSC NPP MedInzh, Penza, n = 31). There were no differences between the groups at baseline.Results. Two deaths were registered during inpatient treatment in the RIGID group. Both devices showed a satisfactory outcome during inpatient treatment in the form of restoration of MV function (p&lt;0.001) and the frequency of detected maximum residual mitral regurgitation (MR) up to grade 1 in the NeoRing group 9.7% and in the RIGID group 29%, respectively, no statistically significant intergroup differences were noted (p = 0.292). After 12 months, freedom from ≥2 grade MR in the NeoRing group was 93.5% and 77.4% in the RIGID group (p = 0.147). In the RIGID group, patients had higher values of the transvalvular mitral diastolic gradient – PAV 3.70 [3.00–4.40] mm Hg vs. NeoRing group 2.3 [2.05–2.85] mmHg (p&lt;0.001), as well as a higher transvalvular flow rate – VAV 79 [71–94] cm/sec vs. 70 [64–79] cm/sec (p = 0.017). The analysis of the achievement of composite primary endpoint (recurrence of ≥2 grade MR, MACCE, new onset arrhythmias, reoperations) by the device was carried out. The composite endpoint rate in the RIGID group was 3.067 times higher compared to the NeoRing group, odds differences were statistically significant (p = 0.037, 95% CI: 1.053–8.934).Conclusion. The outcome of MV annuloplasty conducted using rigid and semi-rigid rings revealed no significant differences in long-term survival and recurrence of MR between groups. Given the statistically significant difference in achieving the combined endpoint, lower inpatient and long-term indicators of transmitral pressure gradient, and a positive effect on cardiac chambers reverse remodeling, it was concluded that the use of semi-rigid NeoRing rings for MV annuloplasty when performing valvepreserving operations for connective tissue dysplasia is preferable.

Periprocedural, short-term, and long-term outcomes following transcatheter tricuspid valve repair: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

There has been an increasing use of transcatheter tricuspid valve repair (TTVR) recently. However, the periprocedural, short-term, and long-term outcomes of TTVR remain unclear. To determine the clinical outcomes in patients with significant tricuspid regurgitation undergoing TTVR. Systematic review and meta-analysis. The systematic review and meta-analysis is reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for clinical trials and observational studies until March 2022. Studies reporting the incidence of clinical outcomes after TTVR were included. The clinical outcomes included periprocedural, short-term (in-hospital or within 30 days), and long-term (>6-month follow-up) outcomes. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality whereas the secondary outcomes included technical success, procedural success, cardiovascular mortality, rehospitalization for heart failure (HHF), major bleeding, and single leaflet device attachment. The incidence of these outcomes across studies was pooled by a random-effects model. A total of 21 studies with 896 patients were included. A total of 729 (81.4%) patients underwent isolated TTVR while only 167 (18.6%) patients underwent combined mitral and tricuspid valve repair. Over 80% of the patients used coaptation devices while approximately 20% used annuloplasty devices. The median follow-up duration was 365 days. Technical and procedural success was high at 93.9% and 82.1%, respectively. The pooled perioperative, short-term, and long-term all-cause mortality for patients undergoing TTVR was 1.0%, 3.3%, and 14.1%, respectively. The long-term cardiovascular mortality rate was 5.3% while the HHF rate was 21.5%. Major bleeding and single leaflet device attachment were two major complications, accounting for 14.3% and 6.4%, respectively, during long-term follow-up. TTVR is associated with high procedural success and low procedural and short-term mortality. However, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and HHF rates remain high during long-term follow-up. PROSPERO (CRD42022310020).

Tricuspid regurgitation in 2023 : Where are we with the treatment of the forgotten valve?

The negative impact of tricuspid regurgitation on prognosis in now well established. It also appears clear that surgical and possibly percutaneous treatment should be performed before reaching a point of no return with advanced heart failure and deterioration of right ventricle function. Percutaneous treatment has been divided into coaptation restoration devices, annuloplasty devices, and ortho- or heterotopic valve replacement. The present article offers a brief review of diagnostic modalities beyond echocardiography, surgical treatment as well as of the multiple recent development in the percutaneous treatment of this frequent condition.

Outcome of suture annuloplasty (De Vega) versus ring annuloplasty for functional tricuspid valve regurgitation concomintant with mitral valve surgery

Outcome of suture annuloplasty (De Vega) versus ring annuloplasty for functional tricuspid valve regurgitation concomintant with mitral valve surgery

ГОСПИТАЛЬНЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ КОРРЕКЦИИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТИ ТРЕХСТВОРЧАТОГО КЛАПАНА СЕРДЦА В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПРИМЕНЯЕМОГО МЕТОДА ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ

Purpose. To study and compare hospital outcomes of surgical treatment of functional (secondary) tricuspid insufficiency, depending on its etiology and on the chosen surgical method of its correction. Materials and methods. We performed clinical and hemodynamic evaluation of the outcomes of various methods of cardiac surgical treatment of patients with non-rheumatic tricuspid valve (TV) insufficiency (functional) in chronic forms of coronary artery disease (CAD), and delated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The study included 792 patients who during a period from 2011 to 2020 underwent correction of non-rheumatic TV insufficiency (functional): There were 642 participants with CAD, 150 participants with DCM. We assessed their echocardiographic parameters. Results. In the analyzed sample at the hospital stage, there was a significant decrease in the severity of tricuspid insufficiency after the performed TV repair. We found no influence of the etiology of TV lesion on the incidence of residual tricuspid insufficiency grade ≥ II at the hospital stage. In general, there was no effect of the TV plasty method (annuloplasty or suture techniques) on the incidence of residual tricuspid insufficiency grade ≥ II at the hospital stage. But significant differences were found depending on the specific method of annuloplasty both in patients with CAD and in patients with DCM: the maximum incidence of residual tricuspid regurgitation (TR) grade ≥ 2 was registered after soft ring annuloplasty, the minimum was after annuloplasty with soft semi-ring made of felt strips according to the original method. At the same time, after performing annuloplasty with a soft half-ring made of felt strip according to the original method in patients with DCM, no recurrence of TR grade ≥ 2 was noted in any patient. Also, in the analyzed sample, significant differences were found depending on the type of corrector ring implanted during annuloplasty: when implanting the Plankor-A corrector ring, as well as the Medtronic Contour 3D corrector ring, the frequency of residual TR grade ≥ 2 was minimal, slightly higher with the implantation of the Plankor-T corrector ring, and maximum with the implantation of the Carperntier Edwards MC3 corrector ring. Conclusion. The etiology of TV lesions does not affect the incidence of clinically significant residual tricuspid insufficiency. In general, the groups of ring and suture plasty methods did not differ in the incidence of residual tricuspid insufficiency grade ≥ II at the hospital stage. But among all methods of annuloplasty, the lowest frequency of clinically significant residual TR was observed after annuloplasty with a soft semi-ring made of felt strip according to the original method.

Subannular repair for functional mitral regurgitation with reduced systolic ventricle function: rationale and design of REFORM-MR registry

BackgroundFunctional mitral regurgitation (FMR) is one of the most common heart valve diseases that is a sequel of left ventricular remodelling. Although mitral valve annuloplasty is a standard treatment of FMR, the recurrence of FMR is a major drawback and occurs in 10–50% of patients. The REFORM-MR registry aims to investigate the effectiveness of standardized papillary muscle relocation and ring annuloplasty and to identify the risk factors associated with recurrent FMR.MethodsREFORM-MR is a prospective, multicenter registry that enrols consecutive FMR patients across five sites in Germany. All patients with FMR and restricted movement of leaflets during systole (i.e., type IIIb mitral regurgitation) undergoing standardized subannular repair in combination with mitral valve annuloplasty are included in the study. The primary objective is to examine the effect of combined papillary muscle relocation and ring annuloplasty on the recurrence of FMR at 2 years postoperatively. The secondary objectives are MACCE rate, reinterventions on the mitral valve and cardiac-related mortality in the study cohort. Echocardiography core-lab and MRI core-lab will provide anonymized analysis of the imaging data in the REFORM-MR registry. Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables and the Chi-Square or Fisher exact test for categorical variables are used for group comparisons. Kaplan–Meier analyses is performed for survival and safety outcomes.ResultsAs of May 2021, a total of 97 patients were enrolled across five sites in Germany.ConclusionsThe results of this study will help define the outcomes of combined papillary muscle relocation and ring annuloplasty in the FMR treatment in a multicentre setting and to improve the understanding of the limitations of subannular repair procedures while treating patients with type III FMR.Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03470155.

Long-term clinical outcome of atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with history of mitral valve surgery.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs frequently after mitral valve (MV) surgery. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and long-term clinical outcomes after the first AF ablation in patients with prior MV surgery. Sixty consecutive patients with a history of MV surgery without MAZE referred to three European centers for a first AF ablation between 2007 and 2017 (group 1) were retrospectively enrolled. They were matched (propensity score match) with 60 patients referred for AF ablation without prior MV surgery (group 2). After the index ablation, 19 patients (31.7%) from group 1 and 24 (40%) from group 2 had no recurrence of atrial arrhythmias (ATa) (p = 0.3). After 62 (48-84) months of follow-up and 2 (2-2) procedures, 90.0% of group 1 and 95.0% of group 2 patients were in sinus rhythm (p = 0.49). In group 1, 19 (31.7%) patients had mitral stenosis, and 41 (68.3%) had mitral regurgitation. Twenty-seven (45.0%) patients underwent mechanical valve replacement and 33 (55.0%) MV annuloplasty. At the final follow-up, 28 (46.7%) and 33 (55.0%) patients were off antiarrhythmic drugs (p = 0.46). ATa recurrence was seen more commonly in patients with prior MV surgery (54 vs. 22%, respectively, p < 0.05). No major complication occurred. Long-term freedom of atrial arrhythmias after atrial fibrillation catheter ablation is achievable and safe in patients with a history of mitral valve surgery. In AF patients without a history of mitral valve surgery, repeated procedures are needed to maintain sinus rhythm.

Transcatheter "edge-to-edge" mitral valve repair: influence of bias in randomized trials.

Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) is the result of three-dimensional structural disruption of the mitral valve due to left ventricular dysfunction. The "edge-to-edge" surgical technique has given rise to the percutaneous transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) technique to treat FMR; however, the lack of a mitral annuloplasty ring makes TEER only partially effective, with uncertain long-term results. The MITRA-FR and COAPT trials, on which current TEER recommendations are based, show conflicting results. COAPT results possible bias has influenced current recommendations issued by clinical practice guidelines in favor of TEER in FMR.

322 TRICUSPID VALVE REGURGITATION AFTER TRANSVENOUS LEAD EXTRACTION: WE NEED TO KNOW MORE

Abstract Since 2003 a 73-year-old man was submitted to a pacemaker implantation because of atrio-ventricular block. After fourteen years, upgrading to CRT-D was made due to recovery for acute heart failure in a dilated cardiomyopathy with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. In 2019 and 2020 he presented pocket erosion therefore underwent to a submuscular reimplantation. After one year, he came to Arrhythmology outpatient appointment with inflammatory signs of the CRT-D pocket. The patient was started on Meropenem and Vancomicin. Transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiogram didn't reveal any vegetation on valvular apparatus or on leads. The patient was submitted to transvenous lead extraction (TLE) with bidirectional rotational mechanical sheats and a epicardial lead on postero-lateral left ventricular wall was implanted. The post-procedural TTE showed a moderate to severe organic tricuspid valve regurgitation with annular dilatation despite the patient was asymptomatic. There weren't flail leaflets or tricuspid valve damage. The reimplantation of right atrial and ventricular leads was hindered by complex venous anatomy documented by intraprocedural phlebography. After Heart Team discussion, we agreed to tricuspid valve repair with annuloplasty ring and other two epicardial leads - right atrial and ventricular - was implanted. We achieve a successful result without complications. The patients was discharged without symptoms; the device interrogation showed good assessment of lead impedances, sensing thresholds, and capture thresholds. Conclusion The mechanisms of tricuspid valve regurgitation following TLE are complex. There isn't a standardized best practice to approach this phenomenon. It's important after TLE to assess tricuspid valve structure and function with TTE in order to understand the incidence of underlying potential mechanism and how to prevent it. Complex venous anatomy could direct the choice toward epicardial leads implantation.

1993. Serratia is a rare cause for Infective Endocarditis of the Tricuspid Valve

Abstract Background Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative motile bacillus that is a facultative anaerobe and non-lactose fermenting. Serratia can be isolated from water, soil, plants, and the intestinal microbiome. Serratia produces a unique Identifying reddish pigment called prodigiosin. Serratia is responsible for only 0.14% of infective endocarditis cases, with a mortality rate of 85%. Methods A 37 YO female with a history of Intravenous heroin abuse was admitted with fevers and dyspnea. Vital signs were BP 76/50, HR 140, RR 26, temp 102 F, and SpO2 98% on room air. She was toxic-appearing. Labs: WBC 26000(4,000 – 11,000 /uL) with 14% bands, Hb 5.6 (12.6 – 17.0 g/dL), PLT 15*10^3(150-372*10^3/uL), creatinine 2.5 (0.50 - 1.60 mg/dL), lactic acid 15.8 (0.5-2.2 mmol/L). We started vancomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and norepinephrine for septic shock. A transthoracic echo showed a large mass on the tricuspid valve, and a transesophageal echo depicted it as vegetation. Blood cultures grew Serratia. She underwent excision of anterior and posterior tricuspid valve leaflets with reconstruction and ring annuloplasty. She reported washing her syringes with tab water and reusing them again. Serratia has a predilection for left-side heart valves even in the IVDU population but this patient presented with a tricuspid valve endocarditis. Results Serratia is a rare cause for IE in the ICE study; out of 2.761 definite IE cases identified over five years, only forty-nine instances were due to gram-negative bacilli. Of those, only four cases were due to Serratia. The clinical presentation of Serratia includes constitutional symptoms, new-onset murmur, and cutaneous and neurologic manifestations. Serratia produces multiple pathogenic factors allowing Serratia to result in valvular destruction and perivalvular complications, and distant septic emboli metastasis. Conclusion Serratia is sensitive to third and fourth-generation cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides. Treatment is complex due to the production of AmpC B-lactamase, which hydrolyzes third and fourth-generation cephalosporins. The 2005 IDSA suggested a combination of B-lactam and an aminoglycoside for Serratia endocarditis, and these are not guidelines but merely recommendations. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.

Transcoronary sinus repair of a severely dilated and tortuous right coronary artery fistulized to coronary sinus complicated with tricuspid valve insufficiency

BackgroundRight coronary artery (RCA) fistulized to the coronary sinus is rare condition in adult cardiac anomalies, and the management and operative indication are controversial.Case presentationWe describe the case of a 45-year female patient who presented with exertional dyspnea, accompanied by intermitted lower limbs and facial edema. She was diagnosed with severe tricuspid regurgitation second to a severely dilated RCA fistulized to the coronary sinus. After multidisciplinary discussion, she underwent surgery through routine medium sternotomy, the right atrium was opened under cardiopulmonary bypass. The coronary arteriovenous fistula from the distal portion of RC to a severely enlarged coronary sinus was found. Trans-coronary sinus closure of the fistula was performed with continuous stitching and a tricuspid ring annuloplasty was done. The patient recovered uneventful post operation.ConclusionAccording to current literatures, surgical treatment was adopted for this case, instead of endovascular intervention. The optimal approach for these cases should consider the heart’s anatomical characteristics. But we need to be aware of the occurrence of myocardial infarction and tricuspid regurgitation in the early and late stage after operation.