Annular Microstrip Antenna Research Articles

Three-Dimensional Printed Annular Ring Aperture-Fed Antenna for Telecommunication and Biomedical Applications

The design of the aperture-fed annular ring (AFAR) microstrip antenna is presented. This proposed design will ease the fabrication and usability of the 3D-printed and solderless 2D materials. This antenna consists of three layers: the patch, the slot within the ground plane as the power transfer medium, and the microstrip line as the feeding. The parameters of the proposed design are investigated using the finite element method FEM to achieve the 50 Ω impedance with the maximum front-to-back ratio of the radiation pattern. This study was performed based on four steps, each investigating one parameter at a time. These parameters were evaluated based on an initial design and prototype. The optimized design of 3D AFAR attained S11 around 17 dB with a front-to-back ratio of more than 30 dB and a gain of around 3.3 dBi. This design eases the process of using a manufacturing process that involves 3D-printed and 2D metallic materials for antenna applications.

A novel broadband and high-gain compact annular ring microstrip antenna for satellite applications

Abstract This article presents a novel compact design of an annular ring microstrip antenna (ARMSA), which has two stacked annular rings and is fabricated on a FR4 substrate for radar and satellite applications. The presence of different kinds of slots made the design of the recommended antenna very unique for Ku band applications. This novel compact structure of the antenna provided enhanced bandwidth and high gain. The suggested antenna works in Ku band and has 2.70 GHz bandwidth and 8.42 dB gain, which makes it suitable for satellite applications. The quality parameters of the proposed annular ring microstrip antenna have been compared with other existing annular ring microstrip antennas, which shows its efficient performance.

Design of Hexagonal Ring Wearable Textile Antenna using Polyester for Early Bone Health Detection

In this research manuscript, the author proposes an innovative solution for monitoring and preliminary detection of bone health with the use of a newly designed Hexagonal Ring Wearable Textile Antenna (HRWTA) using polyester material. The HRWTA is designed and fabricated using polyester conductive electro-textile as radiating fabric and polyester fabric as substrate having dielectric constant of 1.44 with loss tangent of 0.01. The motivation behind this work stems from the increasing number of osteoporosis cases around the world has led to a greater need for new, non-invasive ways to keep track of bone health. Leveraging advancements in microwave technology and antenna design, this study introduces a novel approach by drawing parallels between hexagonal ring and annular ring microstrip antennas, resulting in a precise empirical formula for resonance frequency calculation [9]. Rigorous validation through simulations and experiments showcases the antenna's accuracy in assessing bone health parameters. HRWTA, born from this formula, offers a discreet and affordable means for continuous bone health monitoring, holding significant promise for early intervention and improved healthcare outcomes in the face of the growing osteoporosis challenge. The return loss bandwidth of HRWTA is 350 MHz (3.39 GHz-3.74 GHz, 10%). Also, it has a peak gain of 2.5 dB at 3.5 GHz. Hence, HRWTA is suitable for wireless body area network (WBAN) as it has good radiation characteristics.

Design of a differential driven shorted annular ring antenna

Abstract In this letter, a differential driven shorted annular-ring microstrip antenna is presented. The antenna configuration, operation theory and parametric studies are described. Finally, an exemplary antenna is designed, simulated, fabricated and tested to verify the theoretical prediction. The fabricated antenna exhibits many good performances including wider impedance bandwidth, lower backward radiation and direct connection with other differential components.

Hybrid TM/TE Cylindrical Leaky Waves: Electromagnetic Radiation at Broadside From Radially Periodic Structures

The nature of broadside radiation from planar, radially periodic structures excited at the center is investigated in this article by considering an annular microstrip antenna operating in the microwave range. This kind of antenna, capable of radiating either a scanned conical pattern or a broadside pencil beam, is typically designed by enforcing that its linearized version supports a single TM leaky mode. However, a single TM cylindrical leaky wave is known to be incapable of radiating a directive broadside beam. To solve the conundrum, a generalized pencil-of-function analysis of the exciting field is performed. It is found that a nonnegligible TE component is present, which exhibits a radial decay different from the TM component but the same complex radial wavenumber. Based on the geometrical symmetries of the structure, an electromagnetic model for the surface currents excited on the annular microstrips is developed and validated by full-wave results for both the currents and the associated radiation patterns. The generality of the adopted approach sheds new light on the nature of the electromagnetic field radiated at broadside by the general class of annular, radially periodic structures, including novel terahertz antennas and plasmonic structures used for achieving extraordinary transmission at optical frequencies.

Design of dual-polarized triple-band concentric annular-ring microstrip patch antenna for GPS applications

AbstractA triple-frequency operated concentric annular ring microstrip antenna which is single fed is presented. The proposed antenna with three concentric annular rings and two symmetrical notches on its outer ring and having a cross slot in its ground surface shows triple band at resonance frequency 1.22760, 1.57542, and 2.18 GHz, respectively. At the first two bands (GPS L2 and GPS L1), circular polarization characteristic is observed and the third band observes linear polarization finding its application in Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). The complete dimension of the antenna designed and fabricated is only 51.6 × 51.6 × 1.6 mm3. Experimental results depict the proposed antenna gain of 3.31, 3.55, and 3.50 dBi in three bands, respectively, and closely matches with the theoretical results.

Annular Ring Ultra Wideband Antenna Integrated With Metallic via Array for IoT Applications

An annular ring microstrip antenna (ARMSA) with metallic drilled holes and a defected ground structure is proposed for ultra-wideband applications. The annular ring microstrip patch antenna is excited by the microstrip line feed. The outer radius of the annular ring was optimized in this paper to choose the resonant frequency corresponding to the highest mode. The inner radius boosts the structure’s gain. A defected conductive strip with an arc in the center increases bandwidth at the lower end, increases gain and suppresses Co and Cross-pole isolation. Incorporating a metallic via array excites and includes several closely spaced lower order modes, increasing the fractional bandwidth to 108%. The gain of the proposed configuration is 10dBi at the resonance frequency. It offers Front to back lobe ratio (FBR) of 34dB and 97% radiation efficiency. The performance of the fabricated prototype agrees well with the simulated one.

Design, simulation, and fabrication of a double annular ring microstrip antenna based on gaps with multiband feature

A novel double annular-ring microstrip antenna, split into six sectors, is proposed to achieve multiband operation with high gain and impedance bandwidth. The gaps on the driven and parasitic patches excite resonant frequencies that are located in the Ku-, K-, and Ka-bands thus making the antenna capable of these multiband applications. The present design is numerically and experimentally investigated. This investigation indicates that the suggested antenna achieves four operating bands, with impedance bandwidths of 1.72 GHz (12.16–13.88 GHz), 2.04 GHz (19.28–21.32 GHz), 1.54 GHz (24.04–25.58 GHz), and 1.97 GHz (27.37–29.34 GHz) which correspond to the resonant frequencies of 13.10 GHz, 20.72 GHz, 25.00 GHz, and 28.85 GHz, respectively. Also, the new design achieves good values of gain (6.11–8.31) dB and a return loss of between −16.14 dB and −21.52 dB. The commercial tool Ansoft high frequency structure simulator is used to simulate the designed antennas and it compared with the obtained measurement data. The comparison shows close agreement between the simulations and measurements.

Investigation of annular ring microstrip antenna using conformal mapping

Annular ring microstrip antenna (ARMA) is investigated here using the conformal mapping technique. The annular ring shape is transformed into a rectangular one using conformal mapping. The wave equation is solved in the transformed domain to find the approximate solution of the eigenfunction and eigenvalue for different TMmnp modes. Resonant frequency, internal field patterns, input impedance and far-field radiation patterns are investigated. Internal field patterns are shown for the first few modes using the conformal mapping technique. Closed-form expressions are given to predict the far-zone electric field for different TMmnp modes. Our theoretical results are validated against the conventional spatial domain cavity model technique and measured data as found in the open literature. Two antennas are also fabricated in our laboratory for experimental validation. It is found that our theoretical results are in excellent agreement with 3D EM simulator and experimental data. In addition, our theory can predict the resonant frequency with an accuracy of 1.6% compared to the measured data. It is also found that our theory can predict the results much faster than commercially available 3D EM simulator (HFSS).

Modeling and analysis of microstrip annular ring antenna with capacitive coupling matching network

In this manuscript, microstrip annular ring antenna with capacitive coupling matching network is modeled and analyzed with equivalent circuit model and cavity model, which is simple and accurate for this structure. The proposed approach not only demonstrates physics lying behind the engineering design but also will be a good guideline for the microstrip annular ring antenna design. A prototype working UHF RFID band (902-928 MHz) is designed. Overall dimension of the proposed antenna is about 0.5λ0 × 0.5λ0 × 0.055λ0, and the realized gain is larger than 5 dB with axial ratio is smaller than 3 dB. The measured results agree well with simulated counterparts except slightly frequency shift.

Design, simulation and measurement of triple band annular ring microstrip antenna based on shape of crescent moon

In this paper a novel structure of an annular ring patch microstrip antenna based on Shape of Crescents Moon (SCMs) is designed, simulated and measured to operating with multiband applications. It is different parameters such as input impedance, return loss, gain, surface currents and radiation patterns were studying. This design consists of five SCMs in different sizes. Three of SCMs are arranged inside the annular ring patch and the others two are located outside. It is found that the proposed antenna possess triple band frequency which signify the multiband and compactness of antenna. The fabricated antenna is resonating at threefrequencies11.30, 18.07 and 20.72 GHz. This design is simulated using Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and it compared with the obtained measurement data. Interestingly, the comparison results are in good agreement. The bandwidths of measured return loss at −10 dB corresponding with the X-, Ku- and K-bands frequencies which are 474, 620 and 810 MHz, respectively. Also, the antenna designed is useful for many services operations at these bands frequency and it is applications.

Design of Graphene-Based Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna Using Short-Pin Technique for Dual Band Applications

Design of Graphene-Based Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna Using Short-Pin Technique for Dual Band Applications

Design of Graphene Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna Using Short-Pin Technique for 2.4 GHz Bands

Design of Graphene Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna Using Short-Pin Technique for 2.4 GHz Bands

A CPW - Fed Octagonal Ring Shaped Wide Band Antenna for Wireless Applications

A CPW – Fed octagonal ring shaped antenna for wideband operation is presented. The radiating patch of proposed octagonal ring antenna consists of symmetrical slot in place of conventional annular ring microstrip antenna. The ground plane consists of two rectangular slots, while the radiator and the ground plane are on same plane that utilizes the space available around the radiator. The proposed antenna is simulated through Ansoft’s High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). Measured result shows balanced agreement with the simulated results. The prototype is taken with dimensions 47 mm × 47 mm × 1.6 mm that achieves good return loss, constant group delay and good radiation patterns over the entire operating bandwidth of 2.0 to 9.5 GHz (7.5 GHz). The proposed antenna achieves high impedance bandwidth of 130%. Thus, the proposed antenna is applicable for S and C band applications.

Reconfigurable Antenna With Switchable Broadside and Conical Beams and Switchable Linear Polarized Patterns

A $2\times 2$ array with pattern and polarization diversities is presented. The radiating element of the array is a stacked annular-ring microstrip antenna where four p-i-n diodes are symmetrically placed in the inner slot of the lower ring patch. By, respectively, activating these diodes, the element can generate broadside radiations with different polarization directions, including $\phi$ = +45°, −45°, +135°, and −135°. When the four polarization reconfigurable radiating elements are fed with a $1\times 4$ Wilkinson power divider, the resultant array can give broadside radiations with +45° and −45° linear polarizations as well as conical radiations with vertical and horizontal polarizations. The experimental results show that the operation bandwidth of the array is from 2.25 to 2.58 GHz, and the peak gains of the array operated in the broadside and conical radiation modes are about 12.5 and 6.8 dBi, respectively. Simulation results obtained with HFSS are also provided, and they validate the measured data.

CPW - fed dodecagon ring shape antenna for ultra wide band application

The paper presents a coplanar waveguide (CPW)–fed compact ultra wideband (UWB) dodecagon ring shape microstrip antenna. The proposed antenna consists of dodecagon ring radiating patch in place of a conventional annular ring microstrip antenna (ARMSA) to achieve UWB. The proposed antenna is simulated through Ansoft's high frequency structure simulator (HFSS v. 14.0). The measured result shows good agreement with the simulated results. The prototype is taken with dimensions 47 mm × 47 mm × 1.6 mm that achieves good return loss, peak gain (8 dBi) and good radiation patterns over the entire operating bandwidth of 2.18 to 13.76 GHz (11.58 GHz) with 145% of impedance bandwidth at 7.97 GHz centre frequency. Thus, the proposed antenna is applicable for numerous wireless applications.

A Miniaturized Circularly Polarized Implantable Annular-Ring Antenna

A novel miniaturized circularly polarized (CP) annular-ring microstrip antenna with a smooth profile is presented for Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band (2.4–2.48 GHz) implantable applications. The radiating element of the antenna consists of an annular ring and a central circular patch. The CP radiation is generated by adding a pair of open stubs in the inner boundary of the annular ring. The antenna profile is minimized by properly cutting two kinds of rectangular slots onto the annular ring. Furthermore, the Z-shaped slot on a central circular patch is implemented for improved axial ratio (AR) and better impedance matching. The volume of the proposed antenna including substrate and superstrate is ${\text{120.69 mm}}^{3}$ , which is smaller than the other CP implantable antennas with similar performance. Simulated and measured −10-dB impedance bandwidth are 8.3% and 11.4%, respectively. The simulated 3-dB AR bandwidth is 2.49%. In addition, the radiation and specific absorption rate performance of the antenna are also characterized. It is a capable candidate for implantable applications.

Circularly Polarized Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna for High Gain Application

ABSTRACTDesign, simulation and measurement of high gain annular ring microstrip antenna with L-shaped strip for circular polarization is presented. The simulated and experimental results are obtained using Ansoft’s commercially available High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS, Brookfield WI) software and the Agilen (Santa Clara, CA) vector network analyzer (N5230A.PNA-L), respectively. Parametric study of input characteristics of the proposed antenna is carried out using modal expansion cavity model and circuit theory concept. Theoretical, simulated, and measured results show good accord between each other. For the TM12 mode, measured results illustrated an impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth of 28.20 and 10.4%, respectively. With high gain, low profile, good radiation pattern, and simple structure, it can find potential industrial application in X-band to communicate between peripherals with each other.

Wearable antenna with tripolarisation diversity for WBAN communications

A wearable antenna with tripolarisation diversity is designed for wireless body area networks (WBANs). The antenna is fabricated with flexible materials. Three polarisations are realised by combining an inductive loaded circular monopolar patch antenna with a microstrip annular ring antenna. Simulated and measured results show that the antenna has sufficient bandwidth for a WBAN. The port isolation reaches 13.5 dB, and the correlation coefficients show a good diversity performance.

Multi-band Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for Wireless Communication

ring microstrip antenna (ARMSA) with a defected ground structure for multi-band operation is being proposed. Defected ground structure is produced by integrating a circular slot in the ground plane having different centre with the annular ring radiator patch. Microstrip line feed is used to excite the annular ring patch antenna placed on an FR4 substrate (dielectric constant er = 4). Results of the proposed antenna are carried out using Ansoft HFSS simulation software, and compared with the measured results, which shows good agreement. It is observed that the proposed antenna shows four bands at f1 = 2.92 GHz, f2 = 5.64 GHz, f3 = 8.21 GHz, and f4 = 10.53 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 70%, 50%, 20% and 10% respectively. The proposed antenna is suitable for S, C and X band wireless communication system. Keywords-band, Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna, Defected Ground Structure, Microstrip line feed.