Years Of Training Research Articles

Dr. Edith H. Quimby: A pioneering medical physicist and educator with outstanding contributions in radiation dosimetry

Dr. Edith H. Quimby: A pioneering medical physicist and educator with outstanding contributions in radiation dosimetry

The ACWL’s Mandate to Provide Training on WTO Law: The ACWL’s Annual Training Course

The Advisory Centre on WTO Law (ACWL) has a mandate to provide legal training on WTO law. The ACWL developed its first training course on WTO law in 2002. To date, the ACWL has conducted nineteen training courses. The ACWL structures its annual training courses on a three-year cycle. The first course covers the basic principles of WTO law, the second covers the WTO Agreements relating to trade remedies, trade in services and trade-related intellectual property rights, and the third covers WTO dispute settlement procedures. The training course is taught by ACWL lawyers and begins in October and ends in June the following year. Over the years, 955 delegates have registered their interest in attending the training courses, 159 of whom were from least-developed countries (LDCs.) The ACWL has provided Certificates of Attendance – given to delegates that attend a minimum number of training sessions each year – to 630 delegates, ninety six of whom were from LDCs. Feedback from former participants has been positive indicating that their participation in the ACWL’s training course(s) has assisted themselves and their government to better understand their rights and obligations under WTO law. Training, capacity building, ACWL, basic principles on WTO law, WTO agreements, Moot Court exercise, developing countries, least developed countries, Geneva-based delegates

Emergency medicine residents spend over 7.5 months of their 3-year residency on the electronic health record.

Use of the electronic health record (EHR) is a standard component of modern patient care. Although EHRs have improved since inception, cumbersome workflows decrease the time for residents to spend on clinical and educational activities. This study aims to quantify the time spent interacting with the EHR during a 3-year emergency medicine (EM) residency. System records of time spent actively engaged in EHR use were analyzed for 98 unique EM residents over a period of 5years from July 2015 to June 2020. Time spent on the EHR was totaled to give a career time, with a "work month" defined as a 4-week period of 70.5h per week, based on Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education work hour restrictions for EM residents. Engagement in specific activities such as chart review, documentation preparation, and order entry were separately analyzed. Over their 3-year training, a resident interacted with the EHR for 2,171 continuous hours. This amounts to 30.8 work weeks or 7.7 work months. Chart review was the most time-intensive activity at 11.42weeks. Documentation accounted for 9.91weeks, with an average career total of 7,280 notes created. Additionally, each resident spent 4.57weeks on order entry, with 46,347 orders entered during training. While the number of charts opened increased after first year of residency, average time spent on each activity per patient decreased. This unique study quantifies the total time an EM resident spends on the EHR during a 3-year residency. Use of the EHR accounted for over 7.5 work months or nearly 21% of their training. Residents spend a substantial portion of their training interacting with the EHR and workflow improvements to reduce EHR time are critical for maximizing training time.

Introduction of Direct Observation of Procedural Skills as Workplace-Based Assessment Tool in Department of Anesthesiology

Abstract Background: The direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) was introduced for the workplace-based assessment of procedural skills. It offers an opportunity to provide feedback to trainees. This makes DOPS an authentic measure of clinical competence in anesthesiology training. The goal of this study was to assess the perceptions of both trainees and consultants regarding the use of DOPS and to evaluate the performance of anesthesia postgraduate (PG) trainees over consecutive assessments. Materials and Methods: After approval from the ethical committee and sensitization workshop, two exposures of DOPS per trainee were given for three common anesthesia skills as per their years in training. Thereafter anonymous feedback was collected from faculty and trainees to gather their perception regarding DOPS. Consecutive DOPS scores for trainees were analyzed. Data were presented in terms of percentages, mean, and standard deviation. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: More than 50% of participants were satisfied with the way DOPS was conducted and thought it was feasible for formative assessment. About 80% of participants were of the view that DOPS is helpful for anesthesia training and improving anesthesia procedural skills. Yet only 40%–50% favored the addition of DOPS to the departmental assessment plan. Significant improvement was observed in DOPS scores of PG trainees. Mean DOPS scores of postgraduate trainee year 1, 2, and 3 (JR 1, JR 2, and JR 3) increased from 2.6 to 4.8, 4 to 5.7, and 5.6 to 7, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusions: DOPS may be considered as a useful tool for workplace-based assessment for anesthesia PG training.

2 Training Emergency Physicians for Mass Casualty Triage during Mass Shooting Events: A New York City- based Pilot Curriculum

Recent literature suggests that emergency departments may be underprepared for the influx of “self-referred” patients following a mass shooting event. Following the mass shootings in Orlando and Las Vegas, the Greater New York Hospital Association determined there was a need to increase the preparation of emergency department clinicians for these events in New York. Through a partnership with the Center for Disaster Medicine at New York Medical College an 8-hour, innovative physician-oriented education program was created and piloted at 5 hospitals using a combination of didactics, table-top exercises, live ultrasound scanning, and in-situ high-fidelity simulation. The results of these pilot course deliveries were used to standardized course curricula available to all New York-area hospitals and identify additional educational needs for physicians and other emergency department staff. Didactic content was created using lessons-learned reports, comprehensive literature reviews, and consultation with physician subject matter experts in the area of trauma surgery, disaster medicine, and emergency ultrasound. Hands-on training was created based on lessons-learned consisted of three afternoon break-out sessions including a hospital-specific bed status management exercise to simulate decompressing the ED and critical care units in advance of the arrival of mass casualties, an immersive ED in-situ mass casualty management scenario utilizing high-fidelity trauma simulators and standardized patient actors, and a breakout session on innovative applications of point-of-care ultrasound for triage and clinical decision making using live standardized patients for scanning. Post-course surveys were distributed to participants and survey items aggregated for analysis and curriculum improvement and revision. Didactic content areas showed universal improvement among all pilot sites using Likert confidence scales to evaluate pre-course vs post-course provider self-efficacy. Practical skills and psychomotor evaluations also showed universal improvement following skills practice consistent with current emergency medicine educational literature. Gaps in the pilot course content reported by participants varied by facility but included wanting similar educational content available for non-physician ED clinicians, and wanting to include non-ED physicians, who might “float” to the ED during a mass casualty, to be included in the training. Additionally, physicians at some hospitals had better mastery of POCUS than others. A suggestion was to offer a stand-alone 4-hour course on emergency ultrasound for hospitals who would like to offer this to their ED physicians. Emergency physicians are the leaders of the hospital response to a mass casualty as the primary clinicians responsible for the triage and treatment of victims from out-of-hospital events. Nevertheless, many emergency physicians report not having the opportunity to receive education on new trends and innovations in mass casualty management, which could make them more effective when responding to a disaster. Departments should consider how they might enrich existing preparedness-related CME and leverage their resources in high-fidelity simulation and ultrasound to offer opportunities to practice skills and techniques that are not often utilized during annual in-service training.

The inaugural Range Practicum: A hands-on land and livestock training

• The inaugural Range Practicum incorporated practical, hands-on training and demonstrations into the SRM Annual Meeting and Training, contributing to its "new look" in 2020. The Range Practicum translated stockmanship, packing, horse training, and prescribed fire, as well as agency rangeland monitoring and soils training, into practical skills. It also included rangeland monitoring, soils training, equipment demonstrations, and a small tradeshow. • The Range Practicum incorporated the 2020 Producer Forum as the transformative Women in Ranching Forum and included a Producer Reception. • Over 200 rangeland professionals, including students, ranchers, agency managers and specialists, and applied scientists, attended the Range Practicum. Most Range Practicum participants registered for the entire annual meeting. • Most participants were very satisfied or satisfied with the training sessions. The most popular sessions of the Range Practicum were the hands-on livestock workshops, specifically the horse and mule packing and low-stress livestock handling, followed by a wild horse demonstration and a hands-on prescribed fire workshop. • We recommend the Range Practicum be an ongoing event at future SRM annual meetings and trainings. We recommend it include experiential sessions that cannot be included in the traditional format of the annual meeting (e.g., hands-on, with live animals, fire, etc.).

Defining well-being: A case-study among emergency medicine residents at an academic center: A qualitative study.

Healthcare-associated burnout is linked to reduced quality of care, decreased patient experience, and higher cost. The National Academy of Medicine has emphasized the importance of supporting clinician well-being across healthcare; however, well-being is poorly defined, especially early in emergency medicine training. The primary objective of this study was to explore and understand the attitudes, beliefs, and perspectives of emergency medicine (EM) resident physicians surrounding well-being. A secondary objective was to identify priority areas of focus to promote a culture of well-being for EM trainees. We conducted semi-structured focus groups of EM resident physicians at an urban, academic institution with a 4-year training curriculum. Focus group interviews were transcribed and constructivist aggregated themes were identified using content analysis with a constant comparative coding approach. Seventeen EM residents participated in semi-structured qualitative focus groups (PGY1=6, PGY2=6, PGY3=2, PGY4=3). Six key themes related to well-being emerged spanning clinical and nonclinical areas: (1) a focus on basic needs being met, (2) on-shift operational structure, (3) individual feedback, (4) feeling valued for clinical contributions, (5) a sense of community within the clinical environment, and (6) a sense of personal ownership over time. Shifting the focus for medical trainees away from mitigating burnout and toward proactively promoting well-being is important. Understanding the perspectives and key themes in how EM residents define well-being can help support trainees early in their careers. Using qualitative methods, this study identified six key themes that can guide trainees, educational leaders, and academic hospital systems as they work toward building a culture of well-being early in graduate medical education.

Training low-middle-income (LMIC) pediatric surgeons in a high-income country (HIC) program.

A popular paradigm to support surgical education for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is partnering with high-income country (HIC) surgeons. These relationships may, however, be asymmetric and fail to optimally address the most pressing curricular needs. We explored the effectiveness of our LMIC-HIC educational partnership. Through a partnership between a HIC (Canada) and a LMIC (Uganda), three candidate surgeons were commissioned for a custom designed 1-year training experience at our HIC accredited pediatric surgical training centre as part of their overall formal education. The training curriculum was developed in collaboration with the LMIC pediatric surgeon and utilized competency-based medical education principles. A Likert and short-answer survey tool was administered to these trainees upon completion of their training. All prescribed milestones as well as specialty certification by examination of the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa was achieved by participating fellows, each of whom have begun clinical practice, leadership and teaching roles in their home country. Although several obstacles were identified by fellows, all agreed that the experience boosted their clinical and teaching abilities, and was worth the effort. This endeavour in global pediatric surgical training represents a significant innovation in surgical education partnerships and would be reproducible across different surgical subspecialties and contexts. Such collaborative efforts represent a feasible upskilling opportunity towards addressing global surgical service capacity. V.

The importance of using circuit training in the development of speed endurance, agility and body control in male U17 handball players

Abstract. The growing importance of physical preparation in the training plans of handball coaches must be the basis for consolidation and improvement during the specific training of junior handball players. The higher the motor indicators, the higher the difference between the technical and tactical skills of junior handball players in terms of achieving maximum efficiency. The research took place over an eight-month period. The research participants were 32 U17 junior handball players aged 15 and 16 years. They were divided into two groups as follows: the experimental group, consisting of 15 handball players from the Bucharest Municipal Sports Club, and the control group, consisting of 17 handball players from the Bucharest School Sports Club No. 2. The methods used for the experimental group included set training circuits performed in the corresponding part of basic training. Each training circuit was introduced systematically and quantifiably for 15 minutes, three times a week on successive days and according to the training period covered by the U17 male handball team. The training of the control group was based on traditional methods provided in the annual training plan. Throughout this period, the specific physical training parameters of the experimental group were influenced by the chosen training methods: for speed endurance in different directions and at different angles with forward, backward and lateral movements; for the ability to rotate in different directions and at different angles with an emphasis on execution speed, acceleration speed, speed endurance, agility and body control.

Improvement of the Structure and Content of an Annual Training Macrocycle for Young Pankration Athletes

The study objective is to improve the structure and content of the annual training macrocycle for athletes aged from 15 to 16 years old in pankration, taking into account the specifics of their competitive performance. 
 Materials and methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization were used during work with literary sources on the problems of the research. Survey (questionnaire) was used for studying general approaches to the structure and content of young athletes’ training (aged from 15 to 16 years old) in pankration. There were also analyzed official programs for experienced pankration athletes which are used in Ukraine. Pedagogical experiment was held during September 2018 – July 2019. Its total duration was 10 months and 906 hours. Two identical six-month training macrocycles were performed. The control (21 athletes) and experimental (22 athletes) groups were formed. 
 Results. It was more effective for the development of technical and tactical actions and special physical fitness of young athletes aged from 15 to 16 years old. It was confirmed by significant intra-group increases in indicators of athletes’ preparedness (p≤0.05-0.01). The total number of significant changes in the experimental group (p≤0.05-0.01) during the first and second stages of the experiment was 12 of 13 indicators, and their values were higher than in the control group. In the control group, significant positive changes (p≤0.05-0.01) were found in 6 indicators during the first stage of the experiment and 8 – during the second one. After the second stage of the experiment athletes of the experimental group performed about half of the technical and tactical actions with a higher level of stability, economy, efficiency in various situations during sparring matches. 
 Conclusions. An experimental program made it possible to achieve an earlier deployment of adaptation processes to the specific physical activity available in training and competitive activities in pankration.

Prison officer students’ perceptions of persons convicted of sexual crimes

This study investigated the dimensionality of the Perception of Sex Offenders scale among prison officer students in Norway, and whether the students’ perceptions of this group of prisoners changed during their theoretical education and 1-year practical training. The target sample comprised a full cohort of freshman prison officer students, and two waves of data collection were conducted. The response rate was 94% ( n = 188) at time 1 (T1) and 64% ( n = 112) at time 2 (T2). The originally reported three-dimensional structure of the Perception of Sex Offenders scale was replicated in our sample. Moreover, the results supported our hypothesis that prison officer students were likely to hold less punitive views about sentencing and punishment at the end (T2) than at the beginning (T1) of their education. However, their endorsement of risk did not change, while the tendency to adhere to stereotypical images of persons convicted of sex offenses increased.

One-Year Committed Exercise Training Reverses Abnormal Left Ventricular Myocardial Stiffness in Patients With Stage B Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Individuals with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and elevated cardiac biomarkers in middle age are at increased risk for the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Prolonged exercise training reverses the LV stiffening associated with healthy but sedentary aging; however, whether it can also normalize LV myocardial stiffness in patients at high risk for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is unknown. In a prospective, randomized controlled trial, we hypothesized that 1-year prolonged exercise training would reduce LV myocardial stiffness in patients with LV hypertrophy. Forty-six patients with LV hypertrophy (LV septum >11 mm) and elevated cardiac biomarkers (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [>40 pg/mL] or high-sensitivity troponin T [>0.6 pg/mL]) were randomly assigned to either 1 year of high-intensity exercise training (n=30) or attention control (n=16). Right-heart catheterization and 3-dimensional echocardiography were performed while preload was manipulated using both lower body negative pressure and rapid saline infusion to define the LV end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship. A constant representing LV myocardial stiffness was calculated from the following: P=S×[Exp {a (V-V0)}-1], where "P" is transmural pressure (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - right atrial pressure), "S" is the pressure asymptote of the curve, "V" is the LV end-diastolic volume index, "V0" is equilibrium volume, and "a" is the constant that characterizes LV myocardial stiffness. Thirty-one participants (exercise group [n=20]: 54±6 years, 65% male; and controls (n=11): 51±6 years, 55% male) completed the study. One year of exercise training increased max by 21% (baseline 26.0±5.3 to 1 year later 31.3±5.8 mL·min-1·kg-1, P<0.0001, interaction P=0.0004), whereas there was no significant change in max in controls (baseline 24.6±3.4 to 1 year later 24.2±4.1 mL·min-1·kg-1, P=0.986). LV myocardial stiffness was reduced (right and downward shift in the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship; LV myocardial stiffness: baseline 0.062±0.020 to 1 year later 0.031±0.009), whereas there was no significant change in controls (baseline 0.061±0.033 to 1 year later 0.066±0.031, interaction P=0.001). In patients with LV hypertrophy and elevated cardiac biomarkers (stage B heart failure with preserved ejection fraction), 1 year of exercise training reduced LV myocardial stiffness. Thus, exercise training may provide protection against the future risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in such patients. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03476785.

Effects of Combined Plyometric and Short Sprints Training on Athletic Performance of Male U19 Soccer Players.

This project investigated adding 8 weeks of biweekly plyometric and short sprints training into standard training in elite youth soccer players. An experimental group (EG, n = 18, age: 17.6 ± 0.6 years, body mass: 67.6 ± 5.8 kg, height: 1.75 ± 0.06 m, and body fat: 11.5 ± 1.6%) and control group (CG, n = 18, age: 17.5 ± 0.6 years, body mass: 68.8 ± 3.6 kg, height: 1.77 ± 0.04 m, and body fat: 11.7 ± 1.2%) participated. Pre-intervention and post-intervention measures were squat-jump (SJ), countermovement-jump (CMJ), standing long jump (SLJ), 5 and 20 m sprints, change-of-direction ability (4 × 5 m sprint test [S 4 × 5 m] and sprint 9-3-6-3-9 m with backward and forward running [SBF]), repeated change of direction (RCOD), and static balance (the stork balance test). For all parameters, significant (p < 0.001, > 0.10) time and interaction (group × time) effects were observed. For three parameters (SBF, RCOD fastest time, and SLJ) no significant group effects were observed. The EG consistently showed a significantly higher performance level than the CG and a higher amount of effect sizes d (EG: drange: 1.27–2.61; CG: drange: 0.13–0.79) as an indicator for the development of performance between pre-intervention and post-intervention measures. Adding biweekly plyometric and short sprint training to standard training improves the athletic performance of young soccer players. Such plyometric and short sprint training conditioning can be highly recommended as part of the annual short training program for male elite under-19 (U19) soccer players.

Foundation doctors’ perspectives on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lessons for the future

The foundation programme is a 2-year training programme for newly qualified doctors and aims to bridge the gap between medical school and specialty training. The pandemic led to some major disruptions to foundation training. As foundation trainees, we encountered new challenges: there were reduced learning opportunities and our future paths became uncertain with changes to specialty training applications and membership exams. However, it is said that every crisis creates new opportunities and is a test of our resilience and innovativeness. There was the adoption of novel teaching methods, new research opportunities, increased importance given to teamwork and support for our wellbeing and mental health. We learnt lessons from this crisis that we should take forward to improve foundation training for the future.

Participation of local service providers in systemic market approaches in the dairy sector of Rangpur district

The main purpose of the study was to determine the participation of Local Service Providers (LSPs) in systemic market approaches (SMA) in dairy sectors in two Upazilla Pirgacha and Badargonj under Rangpur district. Ninety-nine (99) LSPs were randomly selected as sample from an updated list of 495 LSPs. A pretested and structured interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents during 16 August to 17 September 2018. Simple and direct questions with different appropriate scales were used to obtain information. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used. The top-ranked activities regarding the participation of LSPs was referral linkage with DLS for the critical or serious condition of livestock treatment, linkage with dairy producers’ group to assess the demand of information, develop collection point’s adjacent place of the community. Slightly above four-fifths (84.8 percent) of the respondent had high participation in systemic market approaches. Correlation analysis indicated that among seven selected characteristics of the respondent’s annual income, cosmopoliteness, training received, innovativeness, and extension media contact of the respondents had significant positive relationship with their participation in SMA, however, age and family size had no significant positive relationship. Regression analysis indicated that cosmopoliteness, training received, innovativeness, and extension media contact of the respondents had a positive contribution with their participation in SMA. The top-ranked problem (1st) faced by the LSPs was ‘legal permission from Government authority and apparently, the lowest proportion of LSP faced problems on ‘Lack of vehicle service for their movement’ service on dairy subsectors.&#x0D; Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(2): 211-221, August 2021

PERANAN PIK REMAJA DALAM MENYONGSONG BONUS DEMOGRAFI DI WILAYAH PERKOTAAN

Population problems in Indonesia have entered a fairly serious stage and if not overcome immediately will cause a disaster, especially for adolescent age groups where their problems are so complex. The purpose of this research is to know the role of youth information and counseling center in addressing demographic bonuses in urban areas. This research was conducted with qualitative approach, as field research to understand the phenomenon about role, behavior, perception and action natural by adolescent. Given the age group of adolescents greatly determines the direction of future development in achieving the desired demographic bonus. With the provision of adolescent knowledge gained through the active Youth Information and Counseling Center has attitudes, future behavior and perspective have aspirations for continuing education, finding employment, planning family life and become a member of society and practice healthy life. Seen the board of the Center for Information and Counseling Teenagers do education and counseling related dangers Triad Reproductive Health Teenagers outside and inside the school, Teenagers are also actively developing self potential and continue to hone as an added value, youth Information Center And Counseling can be a role model in school as models and examples that have attitudes, healthy behaviors, they also get a mandate from teachers Counseling Guidance to counsel to friends who have problems. They actively participate in educational exhibitions, wall magazine discussions and educational motivation to peers and have annual career preparation training activities that must be followed by the board. the Youth Information and Counselors Information Center can be a source of information for peers in overcoming the problems that appear to them.

The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training During Eight Weeks on Speed, Agility, and Acceleration in U19 Soccer Players

Aim: The aim in this study was to examine the impact of eight-week high-Intensity interval training on speed, agility, and acceleration under 19 (U19) soccer players. Materials and methods: Healthy 22 soccer players from Anadolu Selçukspor U19 football team, one of the 2nd League teams of Turkish Football Federation (TFF), participated voluntarily in this study. The soccer players taking part in the study were separated randomly into two as the experimental and control groups. It was determined that the age average of the players constituting the experimental group was 18.36±0.51 years, their height average was 1.77±0.06 m, and their body weight average was 71.76±6.52 kg while the control group’s age average was 17.55±0.69 years, height average was 1.76±0.04 m, and body weight average was 70.85±5.40 kg. In the study, the soccer players forming the experimental group attended a high-intensity interval training program three days a week for eight weeks, in addition to their regular training. The players of the control group continued their normal training schedule. The soccer players taking part in the study are the players who practice five days a week and play one official match. Results: In this study, through the comparison of the values of the pre-test and post-test regarding the speed and acceleration property of the soccer players of the experimental group, it was found that their post-test values were better (p&lt;0.05). In terms of their agility property, an improvement of pro-rata 0.008 was seen in the experimental group, while the improvement of the control group took place at the proportion of 0.004 (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: It has been observed that 8-week high-intensity interval training is statistically significant in the speed and acceleration of soccer players. We contemplate that the inclusion of the high-intensity interval training within the annual training schedule in the field of soccer will affect the performance of the soccer players during the season more positively. Keywords: Agility, Soccer; Interval Training, Acceleration, Speed

An Evaluation of Glucagon Injection Anxiety and Its Association with the Fear of Hypoglycemia among the Parents of Children with Type 1 Diabetes

Objective:Hypoglycemia is a common acute complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D), which may cause seizure, loss of consciousness, and temporary motor or sensory impairment. Glucagon administration is an effective way of treating severe hypoglycemia, especially in a free-living setting. Nonetheless, families have difficulties in managing severe hypoglycemia due to their anxiety and challenges with current glucagon administration techniques. The aim of the current study was to explore the associations between parental fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) and their general anxiety level, and in particular, their attitudes towards and thoughts on glucagon administration.Methods:Parents of children with T1D completed questionnaires assessing background and clinical information, FoH, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and parental anxiety for glucagon administration (PAGA).Results:Sixty-eight parents participated. Positive correlations were found between parental GAD-7 score and both FoH and the number of night-time blood glucose measurements and there was a negative correlation with the child’s age. Parents mean self-evaluation score of their competence in glucagon administration was 6 (standard deviation±2.9) on a scale of 0 to 10. Unsurprisingly, this score was negatively correlated with the PAGA scores. There was no significant difference between children using continuous glucose monitoring system and self-monitoring of blood glucose in terms of parental FoH, anxiety and misconceptions about glucagon administration.Conclusion:The results showed that parents of children with T1D had anxiety and fear connected with hypoglycemia and glucagon administration. Structured and practical training should be implemented to increase parents’ self-confidence including annual refresher training for home glucagon administration.

Academic springboard: The chief resident position correlates with career path in emergency medicine.

The chief resident role often includes additional administrative and educational experiences beyond those of nonchief senior residents. It is unclear to what extent these experiences influence the postresidency career path of those selected as chief residents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of chief resident status on immediate postresidency career characteristicsrelative to nonchief residents in emergency medicine (EM). We retrospectively analyzed graduate data from 2016 to 2020 at six accredited EM residency programs. Participating sites were geographically diverse and included 3- and 4-year training formats. Each site abstracted data using a standardized form including program, year of graduation, chief resident status, publications during residency, and immediate postresidency position (academic vs. nonacademic). We calculated descriptive statistics and performed logistic regression to explore differences between the chief resident cohort and other graduates. We gathered information on 365 total graduates (45.8% from 3-year programs and 54.2% from 4-year programs) including 93 (25.5%) chief residents. A total of 129 (35%) graduates assumed an academic position immediately following residency. Fifty-six (60%) of 93 chief residents assumed an academic position immediately following residency, compared to 74 (27%) of 272 other graduates. After program, year of graduation, and number of publications completed during residency were controlled for, chief resident status was a significant predictor of immediate postresidency academic career (odds ratio for a chief resident assuming an academic job= 5.36, 95% confidence interval= 3.10 to 9.27). The chief resident role within EM is significantly associated with pursuit of an academic position immediately following residency compared to nonchiefs.

Evaluation of two different 1-year training programs among prepuberal female children

The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the effects of two different dance training concepts in terms of anthropometric indices and supervised motor test performance between two groups of 56 prepuberal girls. The first group, composed of 29 girls, performed a typical classical dance training program (D group), while the second one, composed of 27 girls, followed a mixed training (D&R group) workout, with classical dance exercises alternated to rhythmic gymnastics. Anthropometric and exercise performance data were collected and assessed initially (T1) and after a 1-year (T2) training program. Data collected were firstly tested for collinearity using Belsley’s test and, after their normality was tested through the Shapiro–Wilk test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were performed on a subset of noncollinear variables. The two groups showed improvements in both anthropometric parameters and exercise performance; however, no differences arose between the variation of anthropometric parameters between the two groups. On the other hand, exercise performance was improved in some fields of the D&R group, particularly in exercises regarding the upper body, such as pull-ups, chin-ups and sit-ups. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that a specific training program consisting of classic dance plus rhythmic gymnastics exercises (D&R) has a greater impact compared to a program of simple classic dance, in terms of skill performance without impairment of anthropometric parameters.