Annual Reports Of Companies Research Articles

Pengaruh Insentif Manajemen dan Corporate Governance terhadap Corporate Fraud

This study aims to examine the effect of management incentives and corporate governance on corporate fraud. The data source used in this study is secondary data in the form of company annual reports obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample in this study was 104 data from food and beverage subsector manufacturing companies in 2019-2022 using purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used in this study used the SmartPLS 3.2.9 program. The results of this study indicate that management incentives have no effect on financial statement fraud, independent commissioners have no effect on financial statement fraud, audit committees have no effect on financial statement fraud and institutional ownership have no effect on financial statement fraud.

Financial Performance Assessment Using Balanced Scorecard Methodology in Indonesian Banks

The objective of this study is to assess the financial performance of XYZ Bank through the lens of the balanced scorecard approach. The research method employed is qualitative, with data drawn from the annual reports of the banks in question for the period spanning 2020 to 2021. This period encompasses both the pre-merger and post-merger phases of Bank Syariah Indonesia. The findings of this study indicate that, from a financial perspective, the combined ROE ratio of the three Islamic banks, which has undergone a merger, is improving and includes healthy qualifications, approaching 15%. The customer perspective reveals an encouraging improvement in profitability, which is attributable to both customer migration from the predecessor bank to the merged bank and new customer growth. The merger has facilitated operating efficiency due to the synergy of the merger, leading to an increase in employee productivity, as measured by revenue. The establishment of several business unit networks represents an innovative form of internal business process, which can facilitate service delivery. The implications of this research provide a more detailed description of performance measurement using data from the company's published annual reports. Previous balance scorecard research employed survey methods in order to obtain information related to the growth and learning perspectives, as well as the customer and internal business process perspectives. In contrast, this study uses only data from the company's financial statements and annual reports.

Does Sustainability Assurance enhance the connection between Corporate Governance and Firm Performance in India?

Scholarly attention to the association between corporate governance and firm performance, considering sustainability assurance as a moderator is scarce. This study aims to examine the moderating role of sustainability assurance in the nexus between corporate governance and firm performance in India. The data relating to 35 environmentally sensitive companies among the top 100 National Stock Exchange (NSE) listed entities were gathered from the ProwessIQ Database and annual reports of companies during 2016–2022. The fixed effect regression model was employed. The results show an insignificant effect of board effectiveness on firm performance as measured by return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and Tobin’s Q. Similar findings were documented on the audit committee effectiveness and firm performance nexus, except for Tobin’s Q (β = 0.316). In addition, the study did not support the moderating role of sustainability assurance on the board effectiveness and firm performance nexus, indicating the presence of ineffective corporate governance mechanisms. However, the results show that sustainability assurance significantly and negatively moderates the relationship between audit committee effectiveness and ROA (β = –0.021), ROE (β = –0.074), and Tobin’s Q (β = –0.996). This implies that the practice of external assurance of sustainability reports by firms with audit committee effectiveness is an additional burden due to the extra cost involved. Further, the result indicates the learning curve effect among Indian companies. Thus, the findings suggest the need for regulatory focus on encouraging sustainable business practices in terms of effective corporate governance and sustainability assurance. AcknowledgmentThe authors are grateful to Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, for providing financial assistance in the form of a “JRF Contingency Grant” for this research article.

Working Capital Management of TATA Steel Limited

The current study focuses on Tata Steel Limited's working capital management. The primary goal is to execute a liquidity analysis on the company. Working capital management ensures that a business functions smoothly by keeping an eye on and making the most use of its current assets and liabilities. The liquidity analysis assists firm stakeholders in evaluating the company's liquidity status. The study is based on secondary data taken from the company's annual report. We analyzed the data using financial ratio analysis tools. The optimal amount of liquidity may reduce costs while contributing more to the success of a company.

The Role of Product Development Costs in Moderate Managerial Ownership Seen From The Indicators of Return on Asset, Cash Ratio, and Total Asset Turnover

This research aims to determine the effect of Return on Assets, Cash Ratio, Total Assets Turnover to Managerial Ownership with Product Development Costs as a Moderating Variable. This research uses the Pharmaceutical subsector company objects on the Indonesia and Malaysia Stock Exchanges for the 2013-2021 period. The data collected is secondary data with a documentation method in the form of the company's annual report. The analytical tool used to test the hypothesis is IBM SPSS V21. The sampling method used in this research used a purposive sampling technique to obtain 10 companies that presented complete financial reports, resulting in 90 samples. The analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, moderated regression analysis (MRA), multiple linear regression, t test, and f test. The research results partially concluded that Return on Assets and Cash Ratio influences managerial ownership while Total Assets Turnover has no effect on Managerial Ownership. The results of the research simultaneously show a calculated f value of 3.099 and an f table of 2.71, meaning calculated f > f table or a significance value of 0.031 <0.05. So Return on Assets, Cash Ratio, and Total Assets Turnover has a simultaneous effect on Managerial Ownership. Research results Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) shows that Product Development Costs can moderate the Return relationship on Assets to Managerial Ownership and Product Development Costs can moderate the Cash relationship Ratio to Managerial Ownership. Meanwhile, Product Development Costs cannot moderate the Total Asset relationship Turnover on Managerial Ownership. For further research, it is hoped that it will examine other sub-sectors and add other variables.

Pengaruh Green Accounting, Intellectual Capital terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Sektor Kesehatan di Indonesia

This study's primary goal is to examine how intellectual capital and green accounting affect the financial performance of health sector businesses. The value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) is used to quantify intellectual capital, and environmental expenses and eco-friendly products are used to measure green accounting. The analyzed data consists of secondary data from the annual reports of healthcare companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period from 2019 to 2022. Multiple linear regression method was employed in the data analysis. The study's conclusions suggest that while green products and environmental cost have no effect on a company's financial performance, intellectual capital has a favorable effect on the financial performance of businesses in the health sector. These results underscore the importance of effective management of intellectual capital to enhance financial success in the healthcare sector.

Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility dengan Board Independence sebagai Variabel Moderasi

This research aims to determine how ownership structure influences Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure with Board Independence as a moderating variable. CSR disclosure is the dependent variable, while institutional, government and foreign ownership are the independent variables. The moderating variable is board independence. CSR disclosure is measured by dividing the disclosure weight by the number of disclosure items. Institutional ownership is measured by dividing institutional shares by total shares. Government ownership is measured by dividing government shares by total shares. Foreign ownership is measured by dividing foreign shares by total shares. Board Independence is measured by dividing the number of independent commissioners by the total board of commissioners. The data consists of annual and sustainability reports of mining companies in Indonesia listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2018-2022, with 28 companies as samples. Purposive sampling and moderated linear regression were used for data analysis. The research results show a negative impact of institutional and government ownership on CSR disclosure, while foreign ownership has a positive impact. Board Independence increases the relationship between institutional ownership and CSR disclosure, whereas government and foreign ownership do not.

Pengaruh Fraud Hexagon Terhadap Manajemen Laba Berdasarkan M-score yang Dimodifikasi

This research aims to examine the effect of the fraud hexagon on earnings management using a modified M-score. The modified M-score formula in this study comes from research by Narsa et al (2023) using five original ratios and four additional ratios. This research is causality research with a quantitative approach. The data in this research comes from company annual reports obtained from the Indonesian Stock Exchange website and the websites of the companies studied. This research uses a purposive sampling technique and the sample in this research consists of 39 manufacturing companies (food & beverage subsector, chemical subsector, and metals and similar subsector) in 2020-2022. To test the hypothesis, this research uses the logistic regression analysis method. The results of this research show that ineffective monitoring has a positive and significant effect on earnings management. while financial stability, change in auditor, change in director, frequent number of CEO pictures, and projects with government have no effect on earnings management.

Reporting Corporate Risk: An Empirical Inquiry into Listed Entities in the Saudi Capital Market

A capital market with greater transparency provides more accurate metrics for measuring corporate performance, which can be utilized to inform market participants’ decisions. Informed risk is crucial to corporate reporting transparency. This empirical study explores the extent to which firms in the Saudi capital market disclose risk information, whether financial or non-financial. A risk disclosure index (RDI) is constructed based on a rigorous literature review of previous studies, considering suggested items related to corporate risk that must be disclosed. The sample comprises 50 corporations, with five companies representing the energy sector, three representing the utility sector, and forty-two representing the materials sector. The findings reveal moderate financial risk disclosure (sample mean 56%) and low non-financial risk disclosure (sample mean 33%) in the Saudi capital market. In the energy sector, the disclosed financial and non-financial risks comprise 57% and 37%, respectively; in the utility sector, these proportions are 56% and 31%, while in the materials sector, they are 54% and 33%, respectively. Regulators should prioritize high-quality, transparent, and comparable risk information disclosure to attract direct foreign investment. To improve their risk disclosure, managers of firms can also employ the RDI to examine the extent of risk their companies face. This study is limited to the annual and board reports of companies in the three sectors.

The Role of CEO Financial Skills on Company Performance

Fast and dynamic economic growth requires companies to choose a chief executive officer (CEO) who has strong technical and managerial skills. One important ability for a company CEO to have is financial expertise. The CEO's financial capabilities can help the company manage resources more efficiently and effectively, especially during times of crisis. This research aims to determine the role of CEO financial expertise on company performance during the Covid 19 pandemic. This research is quantitative in nature using secondary data obtained from the company's annual report and financial statements. The sample for this research was 40 property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020-2022. The data analysis technique used is panel data regression analysis. The results obtained show that CEO financial expertise plays a negative and significant role in company performance. This finding explains that, during the financial crisis, the CEO's expertise was not able to improve company performance.

AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES DISCLOSURE PRACTICES. THE CASE OF ROMANIAN PRIVATE LISTED COMPANIES

The research aimed to identify and evaluate the level of disclosure of accounting estimates in the annual reports of companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange (BVB) on the premium segment. Excluding the banking sector and suspended companies from the total premium companies, 55 companies were identified in the sample. The companies' annual reports for 2018-2022 were analyzed to identify accounting estimates and any changes in these estimates. For each business, a score of 1 was assigned for changes in estimates and 0 for non-change. Using qualitative research methods, the set of data on accounting estimates was obtained by examining public information in the notes to the annual financial statements. The analysis of descriptive statistics was carried out to interpret the data, classifying companies according to turnover, total assets, average number of employees, and net result. Companies were also clustered into three categories, and the analysis highlighted industries with varying levels of disclosure. These findings provide insights into the level of disclosure of accounting estimates among Romanian companies listed on BVB, with stakeholder involvement and policy development for sustainable economic development.

Good corporate governance, firm performance and COVID-19

PurposeThis research is designed to analyze the effectiveness of the audit committee, nomination and remuneration committee, and ownership structure on company performance and how COVID-19 moderates the influence of these governance mechanisms on company performance.Design/methodology/approach437 annual reports of Indonesian manufacturing companies from 2018 to 2021 were used as research samples using multiple regression analysis and moderated regression analysis.FindingsGood corporate governance plays a role in improving company performance. The presence of COVID-19 affects corporate governance, thereby reducing performance, but good corporate governance can limit this impact.Practical implicationsThis research helps companies understand the effectiveness of the supervisory function in improving company performance. This research provides input for companies, regulators, and policymakers to pay attention to good corporate governance, especially when facing a crisis.Originality/valueTo my knowledge, research that examines corporate governance mechanisms and company performance related to COVID-19 and investigates whether COVID-19 moderates the influence of corporate governance mechanisms on company performance has never been conducted.

Analysis of Internal Factors Affecting Tax Avoidance in the 4.0 Era in Digital Technology Sector

This study aims to analyze internal factors that influence tax avoidance in the annual financial reports of digital technology sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 research period in the economy 4.0 era. The independent variables in this study are profitability, fixed asset intensity, and leverage. The approach used in this study is a secondary data quantitative approach. The population of the study was 73 digital technology sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2018-2022 research period, and the sample was taken using the purposive sampling method with a total of 25 companies so that the number of observations in the study was 125 observation data. The data analysis technique uses panel data regression analysis using statistical calculations. The results of the research analysis prove that profitability and leverage have a partial and positive and negative influence on tax avoidance. In contrast, fixed asset intensity does not have a partial and negative influence on tax avoidance. The managerial implications are that the implementation of digital technology can help create a more transparent and accountable system, and the use of data-based audit technology can detect anomalies and potential tax avoidance earlier.

Analysis of Employee Recruitment at ID Food (BUMN) 2020-2022

This study analyzes the recruitment of ID FOOD (BUMN) in the period 2020-2022. The data used comes from the company's annual report. This analysis includes employee recruitment programs, and the impact of recruitment on the company. The method used is qualitative research with descriptive analysis technique of literature study. The object of this research is the recruitment process carried out by the ID Food (PERSERO) company. The data collection technique used in this research is to use secondary data by collecting relevant research articles. The results showed that ID Food (PERSERO) experienced a decrease in employees in 2020 and 2021 due to employees retiring and resigning. There is no data disclosure so that there are differences in the number of employees in the 2020 financial stAatements and 2021 financial statements. The increase in 2022 was due to five companies being built. The quality of new employees at ID Food (PERSERO) is said to be lacking because many employees resigned in 2021 even though in 2022 the company opened a new subsidiary. If the employee is qualified, the employee will be transferred instead of resigning. However, researchers can find out that there are irregularities in the financial statements where there is no match in the number of employees in the 2020 financial statements and 2021 financial statements. In addition, the 2023 financial statements have not been published. Even though the ID Food company is categorized as a go public company which should have sent the latest financial statements.

The Influence of ROE EPS DER Current Ratio and Claim Expense Risk on Share Prices with Premium Growth

This research aims to determine the effect of profitability (ROE and EPS), debt to equity ratio, current ratio, and claims expense risk on share prices with premium growth. The data used was obtained from the annual financial reports of insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the period 2020-2022. This research used purposive sampling to collect samples and the analysis techniques used were the normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, autocollinearity test, t statistical test and MRA test (pure moderation). The total sample in the research was 53 companies. The results of this research prove that ROE DER, current ratio, and claim expense risk don’t have any influence on share prices. EPS has a positive influence on share prices and premium growth can not moderate ROE, CR, EPS and claim expense risk variable and share prices.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Audit Delay Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Periode 2016-2020

Audit reports are important for stakeholders and management. For management, it is required to submit financial reports that are in accordance with financial accounting standards and have been audited by a public accountant registered with BAPEPAM. The issuance of financial reports will expedite the process of publishing financial statements. As for the timeliness of the publication of financial reports to be published, it will affect the timeliness of decision making. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of company size, solvency, profitability, and audit committee on audit delay. The company population is all manufacturing companies in 2016-2020 and the research sample is 10 companies. The data used is secondary data in the form of financial report documentation and company annual reports obtained from the IDX. The results of the study, namely partially, show that the variables that influence audit delay are company size and profitability (ROA). The significance level of these variables is 0.022 and 0.034. While the solvency and audit committee variables have no effect. The test results simultaneously show that all variables have a significant effect on audit delay.

Pengaruh CEO Narcisissm, Research and Development Investment terhadap Corporate Social Responsibility di Jakarta Islamic Index 70 dengan Ukuran Perusahaan sebagai Pemoderasi

Research Aims: Corporate social responsibility pays attention to researchers and predecessors. The increasingly widespread industrial activities are paying more attention to corporate social responsibility (CSR). The existence of industry in Indonesia causes demands on companies to become higher and every company is required not to prioritize profits, but companies must also have concern for the environment and the prosperity of the communities around the industry. Factors that can influence corporate social responsibility (CSR) are CEO Narcissism, Research and Development Investment and Company Size. Design/methodology/approach: This research used secondary data in the form of financial reports and company annual reports and collected 28 samples from 124 populations. Research Findings: This paper shows that CEO Narcissism has an influence on CSR, R&D Investment has no influence on CSR, Company Size has an influence on CSR, Company Size can moderate CEO Narcissism on CSR, but Company Size cannot moderate R&D Investment on CSR. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: The researcher concluded the data that CEO Narcisssim can have an influence on the company's broad social responsibility (CSR) decision, R&D Investment cannot have an influence on CSR with investment not being able to make the company cover CSR broadly, Company Size can have an influence on CSR by The presence of high assets in a company can reveal CSR. Researchers also added company size as a moderator. The results obtained using data show that company size can moderate CEO Narcissism towards CSR but cannot moderate R&D Investment towards CSR.

Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan Terhadap Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure

Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) has an important role for companies, because companies live in the midst of society. Each company has different factors that influence social responsibility disclosure even though the company is still in the same type of business. This research is intended to determine company characteristics that influence corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) in the annual reports of companies in the Food and Beverage sector. The aim of this research is to find out whether company size as proxied by (SIZE), profitability as proxied by (ROA), and leverage as proxied by (DER) have an effect on CSRD. The sample used was 16 companies from 33 companies taken using purposive sampling technique. The results of this research are that there is a significant negative effect on company size, which is proxied by SIZE, on CSRD, profitability, which is proxied by ROA, and leverage, which is proxied by DER, has no effect on CSRD. And simultaneously company size, profitability and leverage influence CSRD in Food and Beverage sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016 - 2020.

The Impact of Tunneling Incentive Bonus Mechanism and Debt Covenant on Transfer Pricing

Transfer pricing decisions are influenced by several factors, one of which is tunneling incentives. This study aims to determine the influence of Tunneling Incentives, Bonus Mechanisms, and Debt Covenants on Transfer Pricing. This study analyzes manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. In this study, the input data comes from the company's annual report which is a research sample starting from 2018-2021 with criteria so that a total sample of 15 companies is obtained. Furthermore, the input data will be processed according to quantitative methods. The data analysis technique uses descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression tests and hypothesis testing. The results of this study show that the following variables: (1) Tunneling Incentive have a negative and significant influence on Transfer Pricing; (2) The Bonus Mechanism has a negative and significant effect on Transfer Pricing; (3) The Debt Covenant has a positive and significant effect on Transfer Pricing. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that the Tunneling Incentive has a negative and significant influence on Transfer Pricing, which means that the higher the tunneling incentive, the lower the transfer pricing carried out by the company.

The Influence of Profitability, Liquidity, and Chief Executive Officer Gender on the Timeliness of Financial Reporting

Delays in the financial reporting of Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange can raise doubts about the relevance of the company's financial statements. This research aims to determine and obtain empirical evidence of the influence of profitability, liquidity, and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) gender on the timeliness of financial reporting. The type of research used is quantitative research. The data used is secondary data from the company's annual report. The sample was 68 property & real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange consecutively in 2020-2022 obtained by purposive sampling technique. The research data is analyzed by logistic regression. The results show that profitability positively affects the timeliness of financial reporting, while liquidity and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Gender have no effect on the timeliness of financial reporting.