Annual Report Research Articles

Effects of Green Financing Drives on the Performance of DSE Listed Banks in Bangladesh

All commercial banks must take green financing drives to promote environment-friendly projects in their mainstream investment. Inherently, all commercial banks are encouraged to make a profit, but exploring the relationship between GF and bank performance is necessary. This article categorizes the data regarding different types of green financing such as renewable energy, alternative energy, energy efficiency, liquid waste management, recycling and manufacturing of recycling products, Hybrid Hoffman Kiln (HHK), environment-friendly green structures, green agriculture etc. The study feeds an inclusive overview of the GF situation with a particular emphasis on renewable energy (RE), energy efficiency (EE), liquid waste management (LWM), recycling and manufacturing of recycling goods (RRG), producing environment-friendly bricks (PEFB), and green ecology friendly establishments (GEE) and its impact on bank profitability in Bangladesh. This research collects secondary data from related published articles, Bangladesh Bank annual reports, quarterly reports, sustainability reports, other commercial banks' reports, different proceedings, ADB reports, World Bank reports, and national newspaper reports from 2014 to 2023. MS-Excell-2016, with SPSS software version 25, was applied to conduct the research. According to the results of the study, GF has a significant impact on bank profitability. Regression Model 1 indicates that energy efficiency (EE) and the recycling and manufacturing of recycling goods (RRG) have the most positive impact on bank performance (ROA and ROE). Regression Model 2 found that renewable energy (RE) impacts bank performance. However, the main challenge is creating awareness among the bankers, BB, other regulators, and the community. The possible future essence of this study is to convince bankers and policy planners that GF can be the best solution for surviving in the competitive market, maximizing wealth, and improving bank profitability.

Stakeholder communication in academic libraries: An exploration of annual reports and Instagram

Annual reports are an opportunity to demonstrate transparency and communicate with stakeholders. This article presents an exploratory content analysis of library annual reports and Instagram accounts in a state university system. The researchers synthesized common themes in content and structure developing archetypal formats of annual reports. These archetypes clarify the interplay between audience, purpose, content and design in developing a cohesive product. Findings indicate that libraries are neglecting opportunities to repurpose content between Instagram and annual reports. Information collected for the annual report provides content that can be tailored for Instagram posts, which in turn directs interested audience members to the full annual report. Finally, the best practices and strategies to improve communication and engagement with stakeholders identified by the researchers will be shared.

Student Satisfaction and University Enrollments: Does the Urban or Regional Status of Australian Higher Education Institutions Matter?

In the aftermath of World War II, Western nations witnessed unprecedented growth in university enrollments, particularly in business schools, driven by the expansion of the publicly funded higher education system. This growth has prompted higher education providers to re-evaluate the critical role of student satisfaction in shaping learning, engagement, and overall institutional success. While the impact of student satisfaction on engagement and academic outcomes is well documented, its influence on broader university enrollments remains underexplored. Using longitudinal data from the Australian Government-funded Quality Indicators for Learning and Teaching (QILT) surveys and universities’ annual reports (2012-2017), we find that universities with higher student satisfaction show significantly higher enrollment rates. Moreover, the positive impact of student satisfaction on enrollment is more pronounced in metropolitan universities. Beyond contributing to social justice theory, this study provides actionable insights for government and higher education management to improve equitable access to higher education and reduce social disparities through strategically allocating resources, capabilities, and support services.

Effect of earnings management and cash holdings on annual report readability: Evidence from top Indian companies: Short title: Effect of earnings management and cash holdings on annual report

The present study explores the impact of earnings management on the readability of management discussion and analysis (MDA) section of annual reports of 384 Indian firms for 1,160 firm-years. It also explores the moderating behaviour of cash in explaining the association between earnings management and MDA readability. Using fixed-effect regression, the study finds that firms that manage earnings by meeting or just beating the previous year earnings publish complex MDAs. Moreover, it documents the positive moderating role of cash in explaining this relationship. Multiple robustness tests confirm our findings across different years including the COVID-19 crisis period.

The Effect of Profitability and Good Corporate Governance Mechanisms on the Timeliness of Annual Financial Report Publication: An Empirical Study on the Infrastructure, Utilities, and Transportation Subsector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020 - 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of profitability and the mechanism of Good Corporate Governance, as proxied by the independent board of commissioners, managerial ownership, and the audit committee, on the timeliness of annual financial report publication. The study uses companies from the infrastructure, utilities, and transportation sub-sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020-2022. The data analysis technique used is purposive sampling. The sample in this study consists of 27 companies. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study show that profitability and the independent board of commissioners do not affect the timeliness of the annual financial report publication. Managerial ownership and the audit committee do affect the timeliness of the annual financial report publication.

Corporate social and digital responsibility in esports

PurposeThe esports industry has experienced a dynamic growth. In this context, a significant evolution in the logic of corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be observed, particularly in the digital sphere. By extending Carroll’s three-dimensional model to include corporate digital responsibility (CDR), this paper addresses a key research question: How does CSR evolve and develop in the dynamic digital industry of esports?Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a qualitative multiple case study research design. It drew on secondary data from 50 professional esports organisations and key players in CSR development in the global esports industry, such as game publishers, pro-teams, pro-athletes, event organisers, and governing bodies. A content analysis of 50 official websites and 72 public annual, CSR, and environmental reports for the financial years ending in 2021 and 2022 was conducted.FindingsOur empirical findings not only map the territory of esports CSR and CDR but also provide practical insights. These insights are later synthesized to develop an esports CSR/CDR framework that extends Carroll’s three-dimensional model. CSR and CDR domains of esports are theoretically grounded (business performance, responsiveness, social issues, and digital responsibilities), while practical implications for managers and academics are forwarded.Originality/valueThis paper stands out as a pioneering empirical study, filling a significant research gap in the fields of CSR and CDR in esports. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first to illuminate these concepts within the unique ecosystem of esports, thereby contributing to the evolving understanding of CSR in the digital context.

Does Government Environmental Concern Affect Enterprise Sustainable Development? Evidence from China

As the executor and agent of China’s environmental policy, local governments’ environmental concern reflects local governments’ determination in environmental governance. To figure out how the strengthening environmental concerns affect enterprises’ long-term activities, this study focuses on pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises due to the enormous and complex composition of emissions. We apply bag of words to summarize relevant environmental words from the annual work reports in local governments to measure environmental concern. The empirical results of the OLS method reveal that the increasing environmental concerns of local governments did decrease the growth rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) emission authentically. At the same time, it will inhibit the research and experimental development (R&D) activity intensity, but promote production efficiency of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises. After that, we discuss the heterogeneity of enterprise ownership, corporate social responsibility and regional regulatory strength of enterprises. Overall, we conclude that environmental concern did reduce COD emission and promote production efficiency, but it also has negative spillover effects. The novel contribution of this paper is that it enriches the trade-off between strengthening environmental compliance costs and long-term production and innovation activities. These results indicate that pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises prioritize optimizing existing production processes instead of adopting efficient technology when complying with stricter environmental regulation. The reduction of R&D activities may pose risks to the long-term sustainable development of enterprises.

The Effect Of Profitability, Investment Decisions And Corporate Social Responsibility On Company Value In Healthcare Companies Listed On The Idx From 2018-2022

This study aimed to determine “The Effect of Profitability, Investment Decisions and Corporate Social Responsibility on Company Value in Healthcare Companies Listed on the IDX from 2018-2022”. This is the result of quantitative research study. The sample in this study consisted of 30 data points collected using the companies' annual reports. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with the significance level of 0.05. Based on the results, Profitability (ROA) has a positive and significant effect on Company Value (PBV), Investment Decisions (PER) has a positive and significant effect on Company Value (PBV), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSRDI based on GRI indicators) has a positive and significant effect on Company Value (PBV), Profitability, Investment Decisions and Corporate Social Responsibility simultaneously had a positve and significant effect on Company Value in Healthcare Companies Listed on the IDX From 2018-2022.

The Effect of Independent Commissioners and Capital Intensity on Tax Planning

This study aimed to examine the effect of independent commissioners and capital intensity on tax planning by manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2020-2023. This study has a sample of 40 consumer goods industry manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with predetermined criteria during the 2020-2023 period. The independent variables of this study are independent commissioners and capital intensity. The dependent variable in this study is tax planning, which is measured using ETR. This study uses secondary data from the company's financial statement and annual report. The analysis used in this study is panel data regression with the EViews-12 program. Partially, the results show that independent commissioners and capital intensity do not affect tax planning.

Fundraising and Zakat Distribution in Poverty Alleviation in Maruthamunai, Sri Lanka: A Maqashid Sharia Perspective

In Sri Lanka, poverty has been one of the most pressing social issues over the past decade. This research examines zakat fundraising strategies and analyzes zakat distribution patterns in Maruthamunai, Sri Lanka, where Muslims constitute the dominant ethnic group. The current role of zakat in Maruthamunai is crucial in alleviating poverty. Primary data for this study included annual fundraising and distribution reports from the Zakat Fund, covering the years 2019 to 2023. As part of this qualitative research, unstructured interviews were conducted with the president, general secretary, deputy president, assistant secretary, members, and prominent individuals in the region. Data analysis was conducted using coding and is presented descriptively through the maqasid sharia approach. The results of this study indicate that the distribution of zakat funds in Maruthamunai has been less effective due to several factors, including insufficient receipt of zakat funds and inadequately structured internal distribution policies. Policymakers should focus on prioritizing the primary level of welfare needs (mashlahah dharuriyyah). Within this framework, the maqasid sharia perspective emphasizes the development of human resources as a priority over material development. Therefore, despite the relatively high poverty rate, the objectives of preserving religion, safeguarding human life, ensuring generational continuity, protecting intellect, and promoting wealth circulation can still be effectively pursued.

EFFECT OF TAX REVENUE ON EXPENDITURE ALLOCATION OF GOVERNMENT SECTORS IN SOUTHWEST STATE, NIGERIA

Taxation has been recognized as exerting a significant influence on government expenditures, which constitute a fundamental component of an economy, particularly in numerous developing and underdeveloped nations. Taxes stand out as the primary source of funding for government expenditures. The extent to which tax revenue affect expenditure allocation of government sectors in southwest state, has remained a subject of concern in the Nigerian context. Therefore the study examines the effect of tax revenue on expenditure allocation of government sectors in southwest state, Nigeria. The research design employed in this study is ex-post facto, and data were obtained from audited annual financial reports and budgets of the southwestern states governments spanning a period of forty years, from 1982 to 2022. The study encompassed all six states within the southwest region of Nigeria. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were utilized for analysis. Descriptive statistics, such as minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation values, were computed. Variance Decomposition Analysis (VDA) and Impulse Response Function (IRF), integral components of time series regression analysis, were employed to assess all study variables at a significance level of 5%. Regression analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of tax revenue on the allocation of government expenditures across various sectors in the southwest states of Nigeria. The study concluded that there is significant relationship between revenue and expenditure profile of state governments in southwest states, Nigeria. The study therefore recommended that government should explore avenues to diversify revenue sources beyond taxes.

EFFECT OF PAYE AND OTHER INTERNALLY GENERATED REVENUE TAXES ON EXPENDITURE OF GOVERNMENT IN SOUTHWEST STATE, NIGERIA

A tax is a compulsory charge on income, consumption and production imposed upon an individual, Partnership or companies by the government of a nation in order to fund various public expenditures. The intricate relationship between the collection of PAYE and other internally generated revenue taxes and the allocation of funds towards public services, infrastructure development, and social welfare programs poses a complex challenge. The study therefore examines the tax revenue and government expenditure in Southwest, Nigeria. The study adopts ex-post facto research design while data was sourced secondarily from the audited annual financial reports and budgets of southwestern states governments for the period of forty (40) years 1982-2022. The population of the study were the entire six (6) states of south west Nigeria. Analytical techniques used in the study involved both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics include minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation values. Variance Decomposition Analysis (VDA) and Impulse Response Function (IRF) as components of time series regression analysis was used in assessing all the study variables at 5% significant level. Regression analysis was used to examine the effect of PAYE and other internally generated revenue taxes on expenditure. The result of the regression analysis implies that four explanatory variables INT and COT were significant in explaining variation on the effect of PAYE and other internally generated revenue taxes on expenditure of government in southwest state with p values of (0.0202 and 0.0116). The study concludes that Pay AsYou Earn (PAYE) and other internal generated revenue taxes has significant effect to government expenditure in southwest states, Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommends that Government in the southwestern states should develop and implement effective strategies to further boost revenue generation, especially from internal sources like Pay As You Earn (PAYE) and other internally generated taxes..

Analysis of financial performance of Sector 9 Companies: Trade, Services, and Investment listed on the LQ 45 Index of the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2022

This study aims to determine and analyze the financial performance of Sector 9 companies: Trade, Services, and Investment, listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2022. This research is quantitative descriptive, focusing on the calculation of data in the form of annual financial reports of manufacturing companies listed on the IDX. The data used is secondary, consisting of documents obtained from the official IDX website (www.idx.co.id). The study results indicate the following: 1) Based on the current ratio or liquidity, the financial performance of the IDX- listed companies in the sample shows good and significant coefficient values; 2) Based on the debt to equity ratio or solvency, the financial performance of the IDX- listed companies in the sample also indicates good and significant coefficient values; 3) Based on profitability, the financial performance of Sector 9 companies: Trade, Services, and Investment listed on the IDX in the sample show very good coefficient values.

EFFECT OF PAYE AND OTHER INTERNALLY GENERATED REVENUE TAXES ON EXPENDITURE OF GOVERNMENT IN SOUTHWEST STATE, NIGERIA

A tax is a compulsory charge on income, consumption and production imposed upon an individual, Partnership or companies by the government of a nation in order to fund various public expenditures. The intricate relationship between the collection of PAYE and other internally generated revenue taxes and the allocation of funds towards public services, infrastructure development, and social welfare programs poses a complex challenge. The study therefore examines the tax revenue and government expenditure in Southwest, Nigeria. The study adopts ex-post facto research design while data was sourced secondarily from the audited annual financial reports and budgets of southwestern states governments for the period of forty (40) years 1982-2022. The population of the study were the entire six (6) states of south west Nigeria. Analytical techniques used in the study involved both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics include minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation values. Variance Decomposition Analysis (VDA) and Impulse Response Function (IRF) as components of time series regression analysis was used in assessing all the study variables at 5% significant level. Regression analysis was used to examine the effect of PAYE and other internally generated revenue taxes on expenditure. The result of the regression analysis implies that four explanatory variables INT and COT were significant in explaining variation on the effect of PAYE and other internally generated revenue taxes on expenditure of government in southwest state with p values of (0.0202 and 0.0116). The study concludes that Pay AsYou Earn (PAYE) and other internal generated revenue taxes has significant effect to government expenditure in southwest states, Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommends that Government in the southwestern states should develop and implement effective strategies to further boost revenue generation, especially from internal sources like Pay As You Earn (PAYE) and other internally generated taxes..

A Comparative Analysis of Board Qualities and Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria and Ghana

Disclosure of board information is crucial for good governance, risk management, and stakeholder relations in the banking sector. The board of directors’ quality is crucial in setting strategic direction and ensuring effective governance. This study comparatively examined the qualities of the board of directors of listed deposit banks in Nigeria and Ghana and assessed the effects of the board qualities on the financial performance of banks in the two countries. The study used an ex post facto research design, involving 19 deposit money banks listed on the Nigerian Exchange Limited and Ghanaian Stock Exchange. Data was collected from audited annual reports and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive analysis includes mean, median mode, minimum, and maximum among others while the inferential analysis includes independent t-tests and panel regression. The study reveals that the board of listed deposit money banks in the Nigerian exchange group meets more frequently and is more independent than those in the Ghanaian stock exchange, and their board size is larger than in Ghana. Board female gender diversity of listed deposit money banks on the Nigerian exchange group is not significantly lower than the board female gender diversity of firms listed on the Ghanaian stock exchange. The study reveals that board gender diversity doesn’t significantly impact the financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria and Ghana. However, board independence has a negative effect in Nigeria, while board meetings negatively affect performance in Nigeria. Board size also has a positive effect in Nigeria. The study recommends that directors of listed banks in Nigeria should reduce the number of their meetings or expenses of the meeting because it is reducing the profitability of the companies. The study also recommends that the banks in Ghana should provide regular training for independent directors to enhance their understanding of the industry.

Partnership or battle

University libraries live and change through interaction with the scientific community or without essential interaction they fail to evolve and grow. This article studies the effects of collaboration between professors and librarians on the strategic development of libraries, especially during times of crisis. This study was conducted at the University of Helsinki (established in 1640). It is based mostly on historical sources, such as the annual reports of the university and faculties, and documents outlining plans and decisions. The first crisis phase took place in the 1820s, when a fire destroyed academic collections and facilities and the university was relocated from Turku to Helsinki. A conflict arose between the contemporary needs of the scientific community and the need for a main library to replace the collections. Another upheaval was caused by the growing need for services for the post-war baby boomer generation. Nationwide library planning aimed for the creation of a separate national library and for merging faculty libraries with the main library. The third crisis phase involved the Finnish economic crisis of the 1990s and the digital revolution that continued into the 2000s. Solutions were sought through cooperation between the academic leadership, library management and personnel. The crisis led to the organisation of library services into two large entities. The success of extensive changes in academic libraries is one of the key questions in management. The crisis periods under examination show that significant reforms are only possible through close partnerships between the library, the research community and academic decision-makers.

FACTORS INFLUENCING FINTECH EXPENDITURE IN SELECTED NIGERIAN DEPOSITS MONEY BANKS

In the last decades, financial markets and the economy have been experiencing an explosion of innovation and technologies modifying financial services and products, especially banking services. In the context of Nigeria's banking sector, previous studies centered around financial technology (FinTech) deployment whereas the current study focused on the critical issues surrounding the determinants of fintech expenditure and its consequential impact on the profitability listed deposit money banks (NDMBs). Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire. Secondary data were extracted from abridge annual reports of selected NDMBs for the period 2008 to 2023. The population of the study according to the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) 2023 consists of 14 NDMBs out of which 9 were selected. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive, inferential statistics, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and panel regression analysis. Descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage were used to analyse the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents while inferential statistics such as ANOVA was used to evaluate factors influencing fintech expenditure in NDMBs. The results of descriptive analysis revealed the specific factors influencing fintech expenditure in NDMBs as extracted from the distributed copies of questionnaire. The factors include Cost of fintech infrastructure (COF) (75%), Cost of Software acquisition (COS) (65.38%), Maintenance cost (MC) (52.41%) and Bank size (BS) (78.51%). Based on the summary of findings of this study, it was concluded that the there is a significant difference in the factors influencing fintech expenditure in NDMBs. Therefore, the study recommends that NDMBs should carefully plan their fintech investments to balance the immediate costs with long-term benefits.

Nexus between board characteristics and financial performance: Evidence from developing economy

Corporate performance is the key indicator of availing the economic performances in all economies. Especially for the emerging economy, it is the oxygen for smooth economic operations. The study aims to investigate the influence of board characteristics on the corporate performance of the listed pharmaceuticals and chemicals sector from a developing country, namely Bangladesh. This empirical study examines eight attributes of the board and four financial performance indicators of the businesses. Here, the annual reports of the DSE-listed pharmaceutical and chemicals companies are considered to examine the impact of board attributes on corporate performance. Based on panel data analysis, this empirical study concludes that the fixed effect regression model is suitable for all four models. Except board size, the results demonstrate that all board attributes are generally statistically significant. Furthermore, it confirms that all the significant characteristics of the board are positively associated with corporate performance, except for board independence. The research offers valuable insights for policymakers, investors, organizations, and scholars, promoting optimal board structures, innovative solutions, and an enhanced understanding of corporate governance matters. This research explores the challenges in board attributes, which enhances our understanding of corporate governance matters and their impact over the last decade in the listed pharmaceutical and chemicals sectors in Bangladesh.

EFFECT OF FINTECH EXPENDITURE ON RETURN ON ASSET OF NIGERIAN DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS

In the last decades, financial markets and the economy have been experiencing an explosion of innovation and technologies modifying financial services and products, especially banking services. In the context of Nigeria's banking sector, previous studies centered around financial technology (FinTech) deployment whereas the current study focused on the critical issues surrounding the determinants of fintech expenditure and its consequential impact on the profitability listed deposit money banks (NDMBs). Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire. Secondary data were extracted from abridge annual reports of selected NDMBs for the period 2008 to 2023. The population of the study according to the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) 2023 consists of 14 NDMBs out of which 9 were selected. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive, inferential statistics, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and panel regression analysis. Descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage were used to analyse the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents while inferential statistics such as ANOVA was used to evaluate factors influencing fintech expenditure in NDMBs. Result of regression analysis on the extent to which fintech expenditure affect return on asset showed that there is a significant relationship between CoS and ROA (p = 0.0208). It is therefore concluded there is significant relationship between fintech expenditure and return on asset of Nigerian deposit money banks. The study recommends that Nigerian deposit money banks should leverage scalable solutions and negotiate better terms with vendors to enhance the cost-effectiveness of their technology investments.

Big data development and enterprise green innovation: Text analysis of listed companies’ annual reports

This study used a sample of data from 3314 firms listed in the manufacturing industry from 2011 to 2022. We analyzed these companies’ annual reports using panel regression analysis to explore the relationship between big data utilization and corporate green innovation. Findings reveal that green innovation is driven by big data development. Research and development (R&D) investment has emerged as a key mediator in the relationship between big data and green innovation among firms. Furthermore, this study identifies disparities in the effect of big data development on green innovation between profit-making and loss-making entities. Moreover, it emphasizes the differences in the effects of environmental innovation between state owned and non–state-owned enterprises. This study offers tangible evidence that companies should use big data to promote environmental innovation, which is a crucial strategy for achieving sustainable growth.