Equivalent Annual Value Research Articles

A Rotating Tidal Current Controller and Energy Router Siting and Capacitation Method Considering Spatio-Temporal Distribution

As the proportion of new energy access increases year by year, the resulting energy imbalance and voltage/trend distribution complexity of the distribution network system in the spatio-temporal dimension become more and more prominent. The joint introduction of electromagnetic rotary power flow controller (RPFC) and energy router (ER) can improve the high proportion of new active distribution network (ADN) consumption and power supply reliability from both spatial and temporal dimensions. To this end, the paper proposes an ADN expansion planning method considering RPFC and ER access. A two-layer planning model for RPFC and ER based on spatio-temporal characteristics is established, with the upper model being the siting and capacity-setting layer, which takes the investment and construction cost of RPFC and ER as the optimization objective, and the lower model being the optimal operation layer, which takes the lowest operating cost of the distribution network as the objective. The planning model is solved by a hybrid optimization algorithm with improved particle swarm and second-order cone planning. The proposed planning model and solving algorithm are validated with the IEEE33 node example, and the results show that the joint access of RPFC and ER can effectively improve the spatial-temporal distribution of voltage in the distribution network and has the lowest equivalent annual value investment and operation cost.

Sustainability analysis of apple orchards: Integrating environmental and economic perspectives

The agricultural sector faces numerous challenges today, including the protection of biodiversity and the mitigation of environmental impact. Addressing these challenges require ensuring the stability of farmers' income, thus facilitating effective land management.The present study aims to evaluate the environmental and economic sustainability of apple orchards under two distinct systems (integrated versus organic) and a scab-resistant variety. The Life Cycle Assessment method (LCA) was employed to evaluate environmental impact, while financial and economic aspects were analysed using metrics such as Net Present Value (NPV), Equivalent Annual Value (EAV), Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C) and Discounted Payback Period (DPP).Results analysis reveals that both inorganic fertilisation and pesticides usage have the greatest impacts in both integrated cultivation and scab-resistant orchards. In organic orchards, diesel usage emerges as a primary factor due to the substitution of chemical interventions with mechanical methods. For the same reason, labour constitutes 45 % of the organic production costs. Despite the lower environmental impact, organic treatments still contribute 22 % of the total production cost. Regarding the investment evaluation, the scab-resistant variety offers marginally lower costs than conventional varieties due to the reduction of required treatments; however, organic farming shows superior economic performance despite higher production costs, mainly attributed to higher market prices. This highlights the influence of market dynamics on business decisions in the apple sector, where farmers often have no direct control.

A novel life-cycle analysis approach using pavement performance curves with cost and performance considerations

ABSTRACT The life-cycle duration (TLC) is typically assumed constant in pavement life-cycle analysis. The added scientific value of this paper is that (TLC) is considered a variable parameter to be estimated from the performance curve using a variable terminal condition rating. A variable (TLC) requires using the equivalent annual value (EAV) instead of the net present value for cost estimation. The life-cycle performance (LCP) curve is constructed using two routine maintenance cycles separated by one major rehabilitation action. The time parameters associated with LCP curve are estimated from the inverse performance function based on the initial, present and terminal condition ratings. The equivalent annual cost and performance associated with a particular LCP curve are used to compute cost/performance (C/P) ratio for optimal maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) plan selection. The EAV represents the costs of two routine maintenance cycles and one major rehabilitation action. Sample results obtained from three case studies have indicated the reliability of the proposed LCA approach in yielding optimal M&R plans. At the project-level, the optimal M&R plan associated with 7 m/km terminal IRI value resulted in (0.949) minimal (C/P) value. However, the optimal M&R plan with 3.25 terminal PSI yielded (1.50) minimal (C/P) value.

Optimal Allocation of Hybrid Energy Storage Capacity Based on ISSA-Optimized VMD Parameters

To address the issue where the grid integration of renewable energy field stations may exacerbate the power fluctuation in tie-line agreements and jeopardize safe grid operation, we propose a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) capacity allocation optimization method based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) and a multi-strategy improved salp swarm algorithm (ISSA). From typical wind load power and contact line agreement power, the HESS power is obtained. VMD decomposes this power into high- and low-frequency power, respectively, for the super capacitor and the Li-ion battery. Considering charging and discharging power and state of charge (SOC) constraints, an optimization model minimizing the system equivalent annual value cost is established. ISSA optimizes the best decomposition layer K and penalty coefficients α in VMD. The optimal cut-off point and corresponding energy storage allocation scheme are analyzed. A simulation and analysis on MATLAB show that the proposed ISSA-VMD HESS capacity allocation scheme saves 7.53% in costs compared to an empirical mode decomposition (EMD) scheme, proving the method’s effectiveness and superiority.

Background Ionization Radiation Of Selected Water Factories In Yenagoa Metropolis Bayelsa State

The research work was carried out at the water factories of both Allen T. water factory and Niger Delta University (NDU) water factory in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Radiation Monitoring Device- Radalert x100 was deployed in carrying out the study. The water factories were partitioned into ten different locations as indicated in the both Tables. The Background Ionizing Radiation (BIR) mean value of 0.016 mSv/y was recorded at Allen T. water factory as against the BIR mean value, 0.013 mSv/y as recorded at Niger Delta University (NDU) water factory. The mean Absorbed dose rate (AbD) of 0.140 nGy/h was recorded at Allen T. water factory as against the AbD mean value, 0.110 nGy/h as recorded at Niger Delta University (NDU) water factory. Annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) mean value of 0.215mSv/y was recorded at Allen T. water factory which is quite higher than the Annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) mean value of 0.168 mSv/y as recorded in Niger Delta University (NDU) water factory. The Excess life cancer risk (ELCR) mean value of 0.593 x10-3 recorded at Allen T. water factory was higher than the Excess life cancer risk (ELCR) mean value, 0.464 x10-3 as recorded at Niger Delta University (NDU) water factory. The values obtained were then compared to the World Permissible Limit as given by UNSCEAR 2000. The high radiological values as recorded at Allen T. water factory is mainly because of poor ventilation system, the absence of steel-coated equipment’s in the factory and the location of the factory close to human activities thereby contributing to the high-level of radiation.

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL PEMBANGUNAN DERMAGA KUSAMBA DI DESA PESINGGAHAN KABUPATEN KLUNGKUNG DITINJAU DARI ASPEK FINANSIAL

Klungkung Regency has very well developed tourism potential in Bali, one of which is the tourist attraction in Nusa Penida, Nusa Ceningan and Nusa Lembongan. The construction of this pier is one of the Klungkung Regent's visions, namely to build a Golden Triangle Port. It is hoped that this port will be more adequate, orderly, safe and fast. a feasibility study needs to be carried out to provide an overview of the feasibility of building a pier, given the high growth rate of tourism flows so that the construction of this pier can accelerate economic growth and provide a multi-effect for the Klungkung Regency area and its surroundings. The purpose of this research is to find feasibility in terms of financial economic aspects. The primary data collected includes observational data on the research location while for secondary data, namely the unit price for the construction of the ferry pier, the cost of constructing the pier. Analysis of the financial aspect using the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Annual Equivalent (AE) & Payback Period (PP) methods. Based on calculations and data analysis obtained from the financial aspect, the value obtained Net Present Value (NPV) 12% = IDR 1,196,629,097 > 0 is declared feasible, 15% NPV calculation = IDR – 10,380,292,244 <0 and NPV 18% = IDR -18,008,946,782 <0 is declared not feasible. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 12.25% > MARR value of 12%. BCR at an interest rate of 12%, the BCR value is = 1.02. 15% BCR is 0.77 and 18% BCR value = 0.61. the AE value obtained was IDR 6,828,473,886 > 0. PBP value was 15.36 years < n (investment value), so that the construction of the Kusamba jetty in Pesinggahan Village was declared feasible.

Economic analysis of intensive and super-intensive Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp production in a Biofloc Technology system

In recent decades, new aquaculture technologies have been developed and improved, such as the Biofloc Technology system, which is considered an alternative to the conventional aquaculture model. This study compared the bioeconomic viability of intensive production in nurseries and super-intensive production of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei bioflocs greenhouses. The investment for implementing the project was US$ 767,190.18 for intensive production and US$ 807,669.16 for super-intensive production. The analyses showed Net Present Value of US$ 363,718.21 and US$ 385,477.42, Equivalent annual value of US$ 59,830.66 and US$ 63,410.00, Net future value of US$ 965,052.69 and US$ 1,022,786.35, Payback Period 4.12 and 4.11, Discounted payback period 5.64 and 5.63, Profitability Index 1.47 and 1.48, Internal Rate of Return 20.49 and 20.55%, and Modified Internal Rate of Return 14.61 and 14.64%. The investment analysis used in this study showed that super-intensive production in a greenhouse is the best investment option. The development of a new scenario simulating the super-intensive production of shrimp in a Biofloc Technology system, considering land use as a premise, made it possible to observe the possibility of obtaining financial gains in scale, both in the reduction of production costs and in the economic performance of the enterprise. However, the financial contribution for the implementation and operation of the project increased substantially.

Relationships between spacing, productivity and profitability of eucalypt plantations in a small rural property in south-eastern Brazil

Tree cultivation spacing can influence productivity and wood quality, with silvicultural, technological and economic implications. This study aimed to estimate the production and provide an economic analysis of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis stands as a function of planting spacing in a small rural property. The study was carried out in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais state, with the hybrid clone (GG100) established in 2 × 1 m, 2 × 2 m, 3 × 2 m and 3 × 3 m spacing. Inventories were carried out at 14, 54 and 84 months in four plots from each spacing, with 24 plants. Diameter at breast height (DBH), total height and survival rate were evaluated. The study evaluated the logistic model of growth and yield for the different spacings and analysed production costs, characterising the expenditure elements related to inputs and labour. For the economic analysis, we considered a discount rate of 8% p.a. and the valuation methods of net present value (NPV), annual equivalent value (AEV), average production cost (APC), and cost–benefit ratio (CBR). Spacing influenced diameter distribution, tree height and productivity. The optimal harvest age showed a tendency to decrease in smaller spacing. The increase in plant density (smaller spacing) did not promote a proportional increase in volumetric production. Our results indicated economic viability from 60 months onwards for all spacing, except for 2 × 1 m.

PERFORMANCE OF THE CLONE Eucalyptus urograndis IN A CONVENTIONAL AND SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEM

The objective of this study was to analyze forest productivity, comparing the financial viability of a silvopastoral system versus a conventional forest plantation, both using the clone of the hybrid of Eucalyptus urograndis. For the survey of the volume data, nineteen plots of 40.0 x 15.0 m (600 m²) were installed in conventional planting and fifteen plots of 25.0 x 32.0 m (800 m²) in silvopastoral planting. All tree diameters and heights of each plot were measured. The hypsometric relationship models were obtained using the Stepwise method and the trees were cubed using the Smalian method. The volumes were separated into assortments, according to the sales options for the local market. The financial analysis considered cash flows from the year of implementation until the cutting age (7 years), considering the costs spent for the formation and maintenance of the forest throughout the cycle, discounted at an interest rate of 6.75% per year and the volume sold at market value, considering standing wood, at the end of the cycle. The following were evaluated: net present value, equivalent annual value, internal rate of return, expected value of land and average cost of production. The two production systems were considered economically viable for the suggested 7-year rotation, however the silvopastoral system showed results that demonstrate greater financial viability caused mainly by the lower cost of implementation and maintenance, and to the greater volume of the assortments with greater added value (S1 and S2).

Economic analysis of intensive and super-intensive Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp production in a Biofloc Technology system

In recent decades, new aquaculture technologies have been developed and improved, such as the Biofloc Technology system, which is considered an alternative to the conventional aquaculture model. This study compared the bioeconomic viability of intensive production in nurseries and super-intensive production of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei bioflocs greenhouses. The investment for implementing the project was US$ 767,190.18 for intensive production and US$ 807,669.16 for super-intensive production. The analyses showed Net Present Value of US$ 363,718.21 and US$ 385,477.42, Equivalent annual value of US$ 59,830.66 and US$ 63,410.00, Net future value of US$ 965,052.69 and US$ 1,022,786.35, Payback Period 4.12 and 4.11, Discounted payback period 5.64 and 5.63, Profitability Index 1.47 and 1.48, Internal Rate of Return 20.49 and 20.55%, and Modified Internal Rate of Return 14.61 and 14.64%. The investment analysis used in this study showed that super-intensive production in a greenhouse is the best investment option. The development of a new scenario simulating the super-intensive production of shrimp in a Biofloc Technology system, considering land use as a premise, made it possible to observe the possibility of obtaining financial gains in scale, both in the reduction of production costs and in the economic performance of the enterprise. However, the financial contribution for the implementation and operation of the project increased substantially.

Extension of capital budgeting techniques using interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy sets

Capital budgeting requires dealing with high uncertainty from the unknown characteristics of cash flow, interest rate, and study period forecasts for future periods. Many fuzzy extensions of capital budgeting techniques have been proposed and used in a wide range of applications to deal with uncertainty. In this paper, a new fuzzy extension of the most used capital budgeting techniques is proposed. In this content, first interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy sets (IVFFSs) are defined, and the algebraic and aggregation operations are determined for interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy (IVFF) numbers. The formulations of IVFF net present value, IVFF equivalent uniform annual value, and IVFF benefit-cost ratio (B/C) methods are generated. To validate the proposed methods, proposed formulations are illustrated with a hypothetical example, and the results are compared with classical fuzzy capital budgeting techniques.

Financial Analysis for the Community Forest of Herbs Agroforestry Pattern in Gerbosari Village Kulon Progo District

This research aimed to assess the feasibility of herb agroforestry utilization in the community forest of Gerbosari Village, Kulon Progo. This research measured NPV (Net Present Value), Net B/C (Net Benefit-Cost Ratio), IRR (Internal Rate of Return), and AEV (Annual Equivalent Value) as the financial feasibility criteria. A stratified sampling method was employed in which sixty farmers were classified into three strata based on the size of their lands. Based on the financial feasibility analysis, in stratum I, the values of the criteria measured were NPV of IDR15,757,980.56/ha/25 years, Net B/C of 1.62, IRR of 22.12%, and AEV of IDR1,296,647.20/year. In stratum II, the values of criteria measured were NPV of IDR14,255,408.39/ha/25 years, Net B/C of 1.76, IRR of 23.78%, and AEV of IDR1,173,007.88/year. Finally, in stratum III, the criteria measured were NPV of IDR19,444,703.86/ha/25 years, Net B/C of 2.21, IRR of 32%, and AEV of IDR1,600,009.64/year. The results suggest that herb agroforestry plays an important role in farmers' livelihood particularly as a source of income in both the short and long terms. The herb agroforestry utilization contributes positively to the economy of Gerbosari Village, Kulon Progo District.

Bioeconomic analysis of the production of marine shrimp in greenhouses using the biofloc technology system

This study analyzes the investment in Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei shrimp production in greenhouses using the biofloc technology system (BFT). Considering bioeconomic variables, a sensitivity analysis was performed with data collected over the course of 10 years to evaluate program efficiency. The parameters considered include a stocking density of 400 shrimp/m2, which reached a productivity rate of 3.84 kg/m2 (69,120 kg/year—three cycles), a final mean weight of 12 g, and a feed conversion rate of 1.3. The results obtained had a net present value (NPV) of US$ 904,947.21, net future value (NFV) of US$ 2,401,094.35, equivalent annual value (EAV) of US$ 148,861.38, payback (PB) of 2 years and 4 months, discounted payback period (DPP) of 2 years and 10 months, profitability index (PI) of 2.59, internal rate of return (IRR) of 41.23%, and a modified internal rate of return (MIRR) of 21.25%. However, shrimp with a final mean weight of 15 g resulted in an NPV of US$ 2,522,150.62, NFV of US$ 6,692,016.44, EAV of US$ 414,886.98, a PB of 1 year and 2 months, DPP of 1 year and 2 months, PI of 5.43, IRR of 89.13%, and an MIRR of 30.57%. The Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) concluded that the probability of NPV being negative is 0. The analysis confirms that P. vannamei production using the BFT system is a financially sustainable activity.

Redditività di pioppeti ad alto fusto e di piantagioni di latifoglie a legname pregiato in Italia

In Italy, forest tree crops cover an area of about 100.000 hectares of farmland: more than half are represented by specialized poplar plantations, while the remaining consists mainly of hardwood broadleaves plantations. The profitability of poplar and hardwood broadleaved plantations, assessed by field data collected on a representative number of plantation sites, was evaluated in terms of net present value and equivalent annual value under different levels of wood prices and in presence or absence of financial public incentives. Under current market conditions the investment in specialized poplar plantations is usually positive, even without subsidies. On the contrary, hardwood broadleaves plantations usually do not provide positive financial results without public incentives, while better financial results can be obtained by polycyclic plantations including both hardwood broadleaves (medium-long rotation) and hybrid poplar (short rotation) on the same parcel.

Cost-effectiveness of environmental impact abatement measures in a European pig production system

Many emerging technologies and alternative farm management practices have the potential to improve the sustainability of pig production systems. The implementation of such practices is not always economically viable. The goal of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of such environmental mitigation strategies in pig systems, using an Environmental Abatement Cost analysis. We considered four pig housing (improved insulation, increased ventilation efficiency, frequent slurry removal, increased slurry dilution) and three manure management related abatement strategies (anaerobic digestion, slurry acidification, slurry separation), implemented as stand-alone and as a set of “pig housing–pig housing” and “pig housing–manure management” combinations. We calculated their annual equivalent value through a discounted cash flow analysis and then their annualised abatement potential through a cradle-to-farm gate life cycle assessment. The baseline system against which the analysis was conducted was a typical Danish pig production system, over a 25-year time horizon. The environmental impact categories considered were Non-Renewable Resource Use (NRRU), Non-Renewable Energy Use (NREU), Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP) and Eutrophication Potential (EP). Pig housing–anaerobic digestion combinations were the most cost-effective options for GWP, NRRU and NREU. Their abatement costs ranged from −€0.237 to €0.70 per tonne CO2 eq., −€0.146 to €0.36 per g Sb eq. and -€1.75−04 to €3.11−04 per GJ abated respectively. Anaerobic digestion was the most cost-effective stand-alone investment for GWP (−€0.206 per tonne CO2 eq.), NRRU (−€0.0493 per g Sb eq.) and NREU (−€1.00−04 per GJ), and slurry acidification for AP (€303 per tonne SO2− eq.) and EP (€1190 per tonne PO43− eq.) mitigation. Overall, measures for mitigation of GWP, NRRU and NREU required higher investments than for AP and EP, but also generated profit. The framework developed in this study can potentially aid decision making in the choice of environmentally and economically sustainable pig system modifications.

BIOECONOMIC POTENTIAL FOR SILVOPASTORAL AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM IN NORTH WALES

Purpose: This study evaluated the bio-economic potentials of temperate lowland silvopastoral agroforestry systems in North Wales, United Kingdom.Methodology: The bioeconomic analysis compared three land-use plausible scenarios (‘forestry’, ‘pasture / livestock’ and ‘agroforestry’) at 3.5% discount rate on a 10-hectare farm over a 30-year rotation using discounted cash flow analysis and national costs and prices for both livestock and tree products based on 2016 baseline data. Base case net present value (NPV) and annual equivalent value (AEV) were calculated for each production livestock grazing, farm forestry, and silvopastoral agroforestry scenario, assuming no policy interventions.Findings: Generally, results of the economic analyses indicated that under the baseline case, assuming no policy interventions, none of the options was viable. This study also showed that increase in lamb sale price, wood price, and wood yield improved the economic viability of the three investment options significantly. Again, the viability of the three investment options in this study is shown to decrease with increase in discount rates. Furthermore, this study disclosed that the application of prevailing government grant/subsidy schemes significantly improved the economic viability of the three investment options as livestock, forestry and agroforestry options showed positive NPV and AEV values at the baseline assumptions and are therefore adjudged economically viable as they all met the decision rule criteria for investment acceptance. Forestry was the most viable option with the highest NPV and AEV, followed by pasture/livestock and agroforestry options.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study underscored the imperative need for policy makers to improve awareness of the benefits of grant incomes and address farmers’ concerns about the economic viability of livestock, forestry and agroforestry investments. The results of this research will help promote greater awareness of the economic value of trees in extensively grazed landscapes in the United Kingdom as well as provide a basis for future comparisons and analysis of farm programs and ecosystem service markets.

Economic Viability in Eucalyptus spp. Clonal Plantation for Production of Pulp

Abstract Economic analysis assists the administration of forest projects (mainly long-term ones) in providing solidity to the investment. This study aimed to analyze the economic viability of an eucalyptus plantation used for pulp production in the mesoregion of Southern Para, Brazil. Financial analysis was performed using the following methods: net present value (NPV), equivalent annual value (EAV), soil expectation value (SEV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit-cost ratio (BCR). Additionally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the cost and revenue values that would represent the interface regarding the viability of the project. To this end, a cash flow was created for different scenarios of cost and revenue. The economic indicators demonstrated that the investment, as proposed in the marketing of standing timber, proved to be economically viable. Sensitivity based on the updated net revenue, despite fluctuations, made the project profitable.

Economic Analysis of the Forest Promotion, Forest-Saving Program, Installed in the Southern Half of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

This study aimed to analyze economically the forest promotion, forest-saving program installed in the southern half of Rio do Grande do Sul State, Brazil, as an income alternative and potential supplier of raw material in the forest production segment. Cost data were calculated for the total of 269 projects per hectare and divided into Inputs and Services. The revenues were derived from the sale of standing timber at the end of the forest production cycle, not including harvesting costs. For economic analysis, criteria from Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Equivalent Annual Value (EAV) were used. The interest rate used was 7.0% per year according to the promotion program. The project presents at seven years a NPV of $542.90 and an IRR of 16.0%, showing to be feasible and attractive. The costs and revenues from the year seven planting were analyzed and with addenda at years 8, 9, and 10, demonstrated that greater project profitability gains are achieved between years 8 and 9 with an increase of $463.18 in relation to year 8. This represents a profitability of 49.0% which had an increase of $229.61 when compared to year 7. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated the inverse relationship trend that exists between the NPV and the interest rate.
 
 The project’s return capacity from the seventh year is precisely referenced by the freezing of the debt, which did not accrue an interest rate adjustment, as well as the price per cubic meter of timber, which remains readjusting as zero bases.

Investment Analysis of Small Scale Private Forest Plantation Development in Ogun State, Nigeria

Forest plantation development has the capacity of increasing wood supply and stemming the pressure on natural forest in Nigeria. However, forest under public institution control has not been sustainably managed due to rate of forest resources exploitation and inadequate funding of forestry projects. Hence, this paper examines private investment in forest plantation development with a view to encourage and alert potential private investors on feasibility and benefits of forest plantation development. Measures such as Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Annual Equivalent Value (AEV), Land Expected Value (LEV), Return on Investment (ROI) and Discounted Payback Period (DPBP) were used to analyse the cash flow statement of the investment.
 The study revealed that small scale Tectona grandis plantation of 0.4 ha with 12 year rotation had NPV of ₦1,096,118.00, BCR of 2.62, IRR of 35.30%, AEV of ₦208,262.42 ha-1, LEV of ₦1,608,350.84 ha-1, ROI of 162% and DPBP of 5.6 years. The results showed that investment in small scale forest plantation development is profitable going by the economic returns indices. It is recommended that private forest plantation development should incorporate multiple land use systems in order to increase economic returns and reduce the payback period.

Investment Analysis of Medium Scale Private Forest Plantation Development in Oyo State

Forest and non-forest products are becoming scarce in Nigeria due to insatiable want of the resources by the people. The performance of public sector forest plantation development in Nigeria has fallen short of expectation of various stakeholders, hence, the need for investment in Private Forest Plantation Development (PFPD), fostered towards increasing wood supply and reducing the pressure on natural forest. In this study, investment analysis of medium scale PFPD was investigated to show its feasibility. Measures such as Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Annual Equivalent Value (AEV), Land Expected Value (LEV), Return on Investment (ROI) and Discounted Payback Period (DPBP) were used to analyse the cash flow statement of the investment.
 The study showed that medium scale of Tectona grandis, Gmelina arborea, with few Terminalia spp. plantation of 20ha with 18 year rotation had NPV of ₦1,504,841.70, BCR of 1.35, IRR of 24.03%, AEV of ₦316,016.76ha-1, LEV of ₦2,186,997.89ha-1, ROI of 35% and DPBP of 17.7years. The results showed that the investment is feasible based on economic returns indices. It is recommended that PFPD should incorporate multiple land use systems and apply appropriate silvicultural techniques in order to maximize the net return.