Ankle Motion Research Articles

Bionic ankle-assisted rehabilitation training system based on biomechanical evaluation

In modern society, people’s life rhythm is getting faster and faster. Ankle injury would significantly reduce the frequency of people’s activities, which has a great impact on people’s normal work and life. As a new medical method, the bionic ankle rehabilitation training system is used to assist rehabilitation doctors to help patients complete joint flexibility and recovery training. In the research method of ankle biomechanical characteristics, the detection of ankle joint patient’s motion is particularly important. The purpose of this paper is to study how to design a bionic ankle assisted rehabilitation training system based on image processing. Therefore, this paper proposes an image-based moving target detection method, which has the advantages of high reliability and simple operation, and can improve the recognition rate of the ankle joint movement. The experimental results of this paper showed that the system can realize the predetermined trajectory movement and run the system stably. In terms of patient following error, it was kept within 0.03cm. The following error of the ankle joint trajectory was up to 0.03cm and the lowest was 0.01cm, which was almost negligible. In terms of accuracy, the accuracy of the system was also very high, and it can respond and determine the patient’s actions quickly, thereby helping patients to better perform rehabilitation training.

Effect of Vibration Gait Exercise on Ankle Joint Balance and Movement in Chronic Ankle Instability Soccer Athletes

Effect of Vibration Gait Exercise on Ankle Joint Balance and Movement in Chronic Ankle Instability Soccer Athletes

Kinematic analysis of the back squat at different load intensities in powerlifters and weightlifters

IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the angular kinematics of the hip, knee, ankle, and the linear kinematics of the barbell during the back squat (BS) at different load intensities in powerlifters and weightlifters.MethodsSeventeen athletes were recruited (n = 14 powerlifters; n = 3 weightlifters). The 1-RM of the BS of each participant was calculated and, 1-week after, each participant was asked to perform 5 trials of the BS at different load intensities (i.e., 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%) of the 1-RM. An action camera recorded the execution of each BS trial in the sagittal plane and, afterward, the videos were analyzed by measuring the range of motion (ROM) of hip, knee, and ankle for the angular kinematics, and the timing, distances, speeds, and accelerations of the barbell for the linear kinematics.ResultsRegarding the angular kinematics, no significant differences were found in the parameters in the starting and ending positions among the 5 trials, while a significant decrease was found in the hip relative angle (p = 0.026) in the maximum flexion position as load intensity increased. Regarding the linear kinematics, a significant difference was found in the descent acceleration (p = 0.049) in the descent phase, while a significant difference was found in the ascent speed (p < .001) and vertical speed of ascent (p < .001) in the ascent phase, which decreased as load intensity increased.DiscussionOur findings show that the angular and linear kinematics of BS change as load intensity increases.

Functional Outcome Of Delayed Anterolateral Plating For Tibial Pilon Fractures

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The Management of Tibial pilon fractures have always been perplexing. Our study was planned to evaluate functional outcome of delayed anterolateral plating for tibial pilon fractures by assessing the range of motion of ankle along with pain and affection in the activities of daily living. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was done for 45 patients with tibial pilon fracture, for whom delayed anterolateral plating was done in Orthopaedics department of Government medical college, Thiruvananthapuram. The study was conducted at 6 months of follow up after surgery is done. Data collected using a structured proforma. The evaluation of results is based on scoring system given by kaikkonen ankle score RESULTS: Functional outcome was assessed at 6th month follow up using kaikkonen ankle score. The mean age of the patients was 38.53(19-72) and among them 52.78% had right side affected. 37.78% had excellent functional outcome and 51.11% had good functional outcome at the end of 6 months. Best functional outcome was obtained in Ruedi Allgower type 1 fractures. Wound related infections were noted in 6.7% cases who had significantly poor functional outcome CONCLUSION: Hence delayed anterolateral plating greatly improves the functional outcome in patients with tibial pilon fractures and allows for earlier mobilization and prevents complications like malunion.

Cortical brain potentials in response to lower limb proprioceptive stimuli in young adults with probable developmental coordination disorder

BackgroundProprioceptive deficits have been shown to underlie motor problems in individuals with a probable developmental coordination disorder (pDCD). Behavioral studies have employed response times to passive limb movement to evaluate proprioceptive function in individuals with pDCD. However, the underlying neural mechanisms involved in the cortical processing of proprioceptive input and its corresponding motor response are unclear. To address this issue, this study aims to investigate neuropsychological and neurophysiological performances using event-related potentials (ERP) on proprioceptive-motor tasks in young adults with pDCD. MethodsFrom a total of 149 young adults screened using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2nd Edition Complete Form (BOT-2), 12 individuals with pDCD were identified (mean age ± SD: 20.50 ± 1.08 years) along with 12 age- and sex-matched controls (mean age ± SD: 20.75 ± 1.05 years). Participants placed their dominant foot on a passive ankle motion apparatus that plantarflexed the ankle at a constant velocity of 22°/s for a total of 75 trials in each proprioceptive condition. With vision occluded, participants had to press the trigger button held by the dominant hand when they sensed the passive motion of the ankle (voluntary response, VR), or purely receive the movement without a voluntary response (non-voluntary response, NVR). Behavioral performances [i.e., mean movement detection time (MDTmean), the standard deviation of the movement detection time (MDTSD)] and ERP indices (i.e., N1, P3 amplitude, and latency) related to ankle kinesthetic stimuli were obtained to determine the proprioceptive-motor function. ResultsThe results showed that young adults with pDCD exhibited longer MDTmean (p < 0.001) and MDTSD (p = 0.002) compared to their controls. Electrophysiological indices measured at frontal and central electrode sites, showed that young adults with pDCD exhibited significantly smaller N1 (p = 0.019) and P3 amplitudes (p = 0.032) during VR and NVR conditions. Notably, correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between MDTmean and N1 (r = 0.62, p < 0.001) and P3 amplitudes (r = − 0.55, p = 0.005) in the VR condition in young adults with and without pDCD. ConclusionsThis study sheds light on the central brain mechanisms underlying proprioceptive-motor deficits in young adults with pDCD. The combined analysis of behavioral and ERP data suggests that longer MDTmean and larger MDTSD in young adults with pDCD are associated with weaker proprioceptive afferent inflow shown by decreased N1 amplitude to the frontal and parietal cortices. Such degraded proprioceptive signals are followed by reduced P3 amplitude, suggesting that young adults with pDCD allocate fewer neural resources to modulate motor processes with regard to proprioceptive stimuli. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the neurophysiological basis of proprioceptive-motor deficits in pDCD and may inform the development of targeted sensorimotor interventions.

Robust adaptive PID control of functional electrical stimulation for drop-foot correction

A robust, adaptive proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control strategy is presented for controlling ankle movement using a functional electrical stimulation (FES) neuroprosthesis. The presented control strategy leverages the structurally simple PID controller. Moreover, the proposed PID controller automatically tunes its gains without requiring prior knowledge of the musculoskeletal system. Thus, in contrast to previously proposed control strategies for FES, the proposed controller does not necessitate time-consuming model identification for each patient. Additionally, the computational cost of the controller is minimized by linking the PID gains and updating only the common gain. As a result, a model-free, structurally simple, and computationally inexpensive controller is achieved, making it suitable for wearable FES-based neuroprostheses. A Lyapunov stability analysis proves uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) tracking of the joint angle. Results from the simulated and experimental trials indicate that the proposed PID controller demonstrates high tracking accuracy and fast convergence.

Validity of Wearable Gait Analysis System for Measuring Lower-Limb Kinematics during Timed Up and Go Test

Few studies have reported on the validity of a sensor-based lower-limb kinematics evaluation during the timed up and go (TUG) test. This study aimed to determine the validity of a wearable gait sensor system for measuring lower-limb kinematics during the TUG test. Ten young healthy participants were enrolled, and lower-limb kinematics during the TUG test were assessed using a wearable gait sensor system and a standard optical motion analysis system. The angular velocities of the hip, knee, and ankle joints in sit-to-stand and turn-to-sit phases were significantly correlated between the two motion analysis systems (R = 0.612–0.937). The peak angles and ranges of motion of hip, knee, and ankle joints in the walking-out and walking-in phases were also correlated in both systems (R = 0.528–0.924). These results indicate that the wearable gait sensor system is useful for evaluating lower-limb kinematics not only during gait, but also during the TUG test.

Osteochondroma of the Distal Tibia in an Adolescent: A Case Report

A 17-year-old male presented with a painful left ankle that had been worsening over the preceding 1 year. Clinical and radiographic inspection revealed marked bowing with a deformation of the fibula secondary to the laterally outgrowing bone lesion from the distal tibia proximal to the growth plate. MRI appearance suggestive of an osteochondroma of the lower extremity of the left tibia with signs of degeneration, It is surrounded by a cartilaginous cap, thickened in places, measuring 22 mm in maximum thickness. Although the radiographic characteristics of the lesion were indicative of osteochondroma, a typically asymptomatic and benign tumor that is usually identified as an incidental finding, the large size and symptoms associated with the lesion described in this article make it rather unusual. In this particular case, excessive bony outgrowth, pain, joint malposition, necessitated surgical intervention. The patient was successfully treated with resection of the tumor, after which gradual restoration of the alignment of the distal leg ensued without the need for fibular osteotomy. After more than 1 year of postoperative follow-up, neither radiographic nor clinical evidence of recurrence had been observed and the patient displayed a pain-free range of ankle motion without any physical limitations.

Resveratrol and Exercise Produce Recovered Ankle and Metatarsus Joint Movements after Penetrating Lesion in Hippocampus in Male Rats.

Introduction: This study investigates how traumatic injuries alter joint movements in the ankle and foot. We used a brain injury model in rats, focusing on the hippocampus between the CA1 and dentate gyrus. Materials and Methods: We assessed the dissimilarity factor (DF) and vertical displacement (VD) of the ankle and metatarsus joints before and after the hippocampal lesion. We analyzed joint movements in rats after the injury or in rats treated with resveratrol, exercise, or a combination of both. Results: Resveratrol facilitated the recovery of DF in both legs, showing improvements in the ankle and metatarsus joints on the third and seventh days post-injury. The hippocampal lesion affected VD in both legs, observed on the third or seventh day after the injury. Both exercise and resveratrol partially recovered VD in the ankle and metatarsus joints on these days. These effects may be linked to increased hippocampal neurogenesis and reduced neuroinflammation. Conclusions: The study highlights the benefits of resveratrol and exercise in motor recovery following brain injury, suggesting their potential to enhance the quality of life for patients with neurological disorders affecting motor function and locomotion. These findings also suggest that resveratrol could offer a promising or complementary alternative in managing chronic pain and inflammation associated with orthopedic conditions, thus improving overall patient management.

Walking in a controlled ankle motion (CAM) boot: In-boot measurement of joint kinematics and kinetics

Research investigating ankle function during walking in a controlled ankle motion (CAM) boot has either placed markers on the outside of the boot or made major alterations to the structure of the CAM boot to uncover key landmarks. The aim of this study was to quantify joint kinematics and kinetics using “in-boot” skin markers whilst making only minimal structural alterations. Seventeen healthy participants walked at their preferred walking speed in two conditions: (1) in standard athletic trainers (ASICS patriot 8, ASICS Oceania Pty Ltd, USA), and (2) using a hard-cased CAM boot (Rebound® Air Walker, Össur, Iceland) fitted on the right foot. Kinematic measurements revealed that CAM boots restrict sagittal plane ankle range of motion to less than 5°, and to ∼3° in the frontal plane, which is a reduction of 85% and 73% compared to standard footwear, respectively (p < 0.001). This ankle restriction resulted in a reduction of ankle joint total limb work contribution from 38 ± 5% in normal footwear to 13 ± 4% in the CAM boot (p < 0.001). This study suggests that CAM boots do restrict the ankle joint’s ability to effectively perform work during walking, which leads to compensatory mechanisms at the ipsilateral and contralateral hip and knee joints. Our findings align with previous research that employed “on-boot” kinematic measurements, so we conclude that in-boot approaches do not offer any benefit to the researcher and instead, on-boot measurements are suitable.

Design, Analysis, and Validation of a Passive Parallel Continuum Ankle Exoskeleton for Support and Walking Assistance

Abstract In this paper, we propose a novel passive parallel continuum ankle exoskeleton that can provide assistive torque during ankle plantar flexion. Due to the flexible branches arranged in compliance with ankle motion and shape, the compact design can also offer some vertical support. The proposed parallel mechanism consists of two types of branches. The first type is a pre-bent flexible rod, mainly used to apply assistive force/torque during ankle plantar flexion. The second type of branch consists of a bounded sphere joint, flexible rod, and bounded sphere joint (BFB), which is mainly used for support. We formulate the kinetostatic model of the BFB branch as a series of parallelizable unconstrained optimization problems to ensure efficient solvability. After that, we derive the kinetostatic model of the proposed mechanism. After calibration, the wrench error of the kinetostatic model is 9.07%. Simulation analysis based on the calibrated model shows that the designed mechanism has high supporting stiffness and low rotational stiffness. The assistive torque caused by the nonlinear rotational stiffness in the sagittal plane is similar to that of passive clutch-like mechanisms. These properties can still be maintained when the joint center changes within a small range. Besides, a walking experiment was conducted, and the results show that the proposed design can reduce gastrocnemius activity.

Triceps surae muscle-tendon length changes and shear modulus ratios across the ankle motion in adolescents with cerebral palsy

Triceps surae muscle-tendon length changes and shear modulus ratios across the ankle motion in adolescents with cerebral palsy

Prediction of prognosis in supramalleolar osteotomy with or without additional fibula osteotomy by approaching a biomechanical study: a finite element analysis.

Supramalleolar osteotomy (SMO) is a representative procedure to restore a malalignment in the varus ankle deformity by shifting the concentrated pressure on the medial ankle joint to the lateral area. Additionally, fibula osteotomy (FO) is selectively selected and performed according to the surgeon's preference. However, it is controversial whether FO is effective in shifting the abnormal pressure from the medial to the lateral area on the ankle joint. Some cadaveric studies have been performed to prove this. However, it is difficult to consistently reconstruct amount of the varus ankle deformities angle in cadavers and to guarantee reliable contact pressure between the ankle joint. Thus, the aim of this study was predicted and quantitatively compared a peak pressure between single SMO and SMO with FO procedure by using a finite element analysis as a powerful biomechanical tool to those limitations of cadaveric study. This study reconstructed total 4 3D foot and ankle models including a normal and pre-op model and 2 post-op models. The pre-op model was modified by assigning 10° varus tilting corresponding to stage 3b in the classification of varus ankle osteoarthritis based on the validated normal model. Also, the post-op models were reconstructed by applying single SMO and SMO with FO, respectively. All of the models were assumed as one-leg standing position and to mimic smooth ankle joint motion. Peak contact pressure change was predicted at the medial ankle joint by using computational simulation. As a result, 2 post-op models showed a remarkably peak pressure reduction by up to 5.5 times on the medial tibiotalar joint. However, a comparison between single SMO and SMO with FO model showed no appreciable differences. In conclusion, this study predicted that single SMO may be as effective as SMO with FO in reducing peak contact pressure on the medial tibiotalar joint in varus ankle osteoarthritis.

BANDHANA WITH BIBHITAKPHALA MAJJA LEPA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ANKLE SPRAIN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SPORTS INJURIES: A CASE STUDY

Introduction: Any form of bodily harm, pain, or injury sustained when participating in sports, exercising, or engaging in any other physical activity is referred to as a sports injury. The most frequent kinds of injuries are musculoskeletal, which affect the muscles, ligaments, bones, cartilage, and related tissue. According to estimates, up to 30% of injuries encountered in sports medical clinics are sprained ankles. It is one of the most frequent injuries for athletes, dancers, sportspeople, etc. Correlations: In Ayurveda, gulpha marma is one among 20 sandhi marma (vital points related to joints) and one of the 8 rujakara marma according to its traumatic effect of pain the sense of distress or pain is more over here compared to other parts of the body. A sprain injury usually happens suddenly due to injury around a joint, so they can be under agantuj vyadhi. Sports Injuries can be related to abhighataj shotha or agantuj shotha, and alepa is the first upakrama in sarvasotha. Case Study: A 22-year-old sports person complain of pain and difficulty in movement of the right ankle joint. Before one day, his foot was twisted while playing football, and he was diagnosed with an ankle sprain (gulpha sandhi aghata) and treated with Bibhitakphala majja lepa and bandhan for 15 days. Result: After completion of treatment, significant relief was observed in subjective and objective criteria.

Repeatability of gait of children with spastic cerebral palsy in different walking conditions

Three-dimensional gait analysis is the ‘gold standard’ for measurement and description of gait. Gait variability can arise from intrinsic and extrinsic factors and may vary between walking conditions. This study aimed to define the inter-trial and inter-session repeatability in gait analysis data of children with cerebral palsy (CP) who were walking in four conditions, namely barefoot or with ankle–foot orthosis (AFO), and overground or treadmill. Ten children with spastic CP (7♀; 9.9y ± 3.5y; GMFCS-level I-III) were included in this study. Overall, we found good to excellent intra-class correlation (ICC)-values and favourable standard error of measurement (SEM)-values for the inter-session Gait Profile Score (ICC = 0.85–0.98, SEM = 0.45–0.91°) and Gait Variable Scores (ICC = 0.85–0.99, SEM = 0.22–1.11°) for the lower-limb joints. Taking the total joint-range-of-motion into account, the knee joint showed the most repeatable motion (%SEM = 0.5–1.8 %), while ankle motions showed the lowest repeatability (%SEM = 0.8 %–3.0 %). For the continuous waveform data, only the ankle joint showed repeatability differences between walking conditions, namely, smaller SEM-values for the AFO-condition (mean inter-trial = 0.14°; mean inter-session = 1.121°) in comparison to the barefoot-condition (mean inter-trial = 0.55°; mean inter-session = 2.22°). For all the kinetic parameters, the treadmill conditions showed smaller SEM-values in comparison to the overground condition. In conclusion three-dimensional gait analysis was found to be reliable in all four walking conditions for children with CP. The resulting measurement errors can be used as a reference during clinical interpretations of gait analyses.Clinical trial registration number: Trial ID from an internationally recognized trial registry (ClinicalTrials.gov): NCT06355869

Evaluation of Surgical Reconstruction of Old Tendo Achilles Injury by Bosworth Technique

Background: Chronic Achilles tendon rupture in the watershed hypovascular region (zone II) makes end-to-end repair less feasible. Bosworth's technique, involving gastrocnemius-soleus turndown, was studied to determine its efficacy and functional outcome in repairing chronic tendon in zone II. Objective: To evaluate surgical reconstruction of old Tendo Achilles injury by Bosworth technique. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) form July 2006 to December 2007. 20 cases were selected as non-randomized purposive sampling technique who came to the out patients department of DMCH. All cases were diagnosed as old neglected Tendo Achilles injury and treated by surgical reconstruction by Bosworth technique. Two cases were lost from follow up and discarded from the study. Finally the study was done on 18 patients. Results: The mean age of the patients was 31.7 years and the lowest and highest cases were 17 and 47 years respectively. The male female ratio was 5:1. One-third (33.3%) patients were day labourer, 22.2% service holders, 16.7% house wives and the rest 27.8% students. Two-Third of the patients (67%) had involvement of left Tendo Achilles and the rest (33%) had right Tendo Achilles. Nearly 40% of patients’ injury was caused by the overhanging edge of the toilet Pan, 27.8% by traumatic rupture, 11.1% assaulted by sharp weapon, another 11.1% by sharp edge of a metallic plate, 5.6% accidentally by sharp cutting knife and 5.5% by broken glass. The mediun level of injury was 3.5 cm above from the insertion of Tendo Achilles, while the lowest and highest level were 2.5 and 6 cm. Minimum delay from injury to operation was 6 weeks and maximum 32 weeks. 5 patients (27.8%) gained normal range of ankle movement, 6 patients (33.3%) decreased by 5° of unaffected side, 4 (22.2%) by 10° and 3 (16.7%) by more than 10⁰. Mean power of planter flexion, mean calf width and mean score to stand on tip toe on injured side relative ........

Assessment of Function in Patients after Calcaneal Fracture Treatment with the Ilizarov Method.

Background: Up to 75% of calcaneal fractures are intra-articular fractures, which may severely impair foot function and lead to disability. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 21 patients with intra-articular calcaneal fractures who had been treated with the Ilizarov method in the period 2021-2022. The mean patient age was 47 years (range 25-67 years). We analyzed the following functional parameters: foot function with a revised foot function index (FFI-R) questionnaire and the level of physical activity, with the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scale, a visual analog scale (VAS), and a Grimby physical activity level scale; and ankle range of motion. Results: We observed a significant improvement in the UCLA activity scores and Grimby activity score at long-term follow-up. Functional outcomes based on the FFI-R questionnaires showed an improvement, from 292 points prior to surgery to 127 points at follow-up, p = 0.013. The post-treatment follow-up measurements revealed a median dorsiflexion at the treated ankle joint of 20 degrees, whereas that at the intact ankle was 40 degrees, p = 0.007. The plantar flexion showed asymmetry, with a median 15 degrees at the treated ankle and 30 degrees at the intact ankle, p = 0.007. The median range of inversion at the ankle joint was 5 degrees in the treated limb and 15 degrees in the intact limb, p = 0.039. Conclusions: Patients with calcaneal fractures treated with the Ilizarov method are recommended to have a longer and more intensive rehabilitation. The range of ankle motion in the treated limb was limited in comparison with that in the intact limb; however, this did not greatly affect the patients' return to their earlier, pre-injury level of physical activity.

Interactive Virtual Ankle Movement Controlled by Wrist sEMG Improves Motor Imagery: An Exploratory Study.

Virtual reality (VR) techniques can significantly enhance motor imagery training by creating a strong illusion of action for central sensory stimulation. In this article, we establish a precedent by using surface electromyography (sEMG) of contralateral wrist movement to trigger virtual ankle movement through an improved data-driven approach with a continuous sEMG signal for fast and accurate intention recognition. Our developed VR interactive system can provide feedback training for stroke patients in the early stages, even if there is no active ankle movement. Our objectives are to evaluate: 1) the effects of VR immersion mode on body illusion, kinesthetic illusion, and motor imagery performance in stroke patients; 2) the effects of motivation and attention when utilizing wrist sEMG as a trigger signal for virtual ankle motion; 3) the acute effects on motor function in stroke patients. Through a series of well-designed experiments, we have found that, compared to the 2D condition, VR significantly increases the degree of kinesthetic illusion and body ownership of the patients, and improves their motor imagery performance and motor memory. When compared to conditions without feedback, using contralateral wrist sEMG signals as trigger signals for virtual ankle movement enhances patients' sustained attention and motivation during repetitive tasks. Furthermore, the combination of VR and feedback has an acute impact on motor function. Our exploratory study suggests that the sEMG-based immersive virtual interactive feedback provides an effective option for active rehabilitation training for severe hemiplegia patients in the early stages, with great potential for clinical application.

Evaluation of Distal Tibiofibular Synostosis Formation and Risk Factors After Surgically Treated Ankle Fractures: A Single Centre Study

This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of partial bridging and synostosis in the distal tibiofibular joint after surgically treated ankle fractures and determine possible risk factors. In this retrospective study, patients admitted to our hospital with ankle trauma between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020, who were operated on for an ankle fracture and had a follow-up period of at least 1 year, were included. Patients underwent anteroposterior, lateral, and mortise radiographs of the ankle and low-dose computed tomography postoperatively. The presence of partial bridging and synostosis in the distal tibiofibular joint was evaluated. The study included 75 patients (50 males, 25 females). There were 40 patients with the right fracture side and 35 patients with the left fracture side. The mean age of the patients included in the study was 43.96 ± 15.07 years. The total follow-up period was 40 ± 13 months. Nineteen patients had partial bridging (13 males, 6 females), and 9 had synostosis (7 males, 2 females). The incidence of partial bridging was 25.3%, and synostosis was 12%. We determined that high-energy trauma is a risk factor for synostosis, but we found that syndesmosis injury is not a risk factor for developing distal tibiofibular synostosis. Additionally, we found that distal tibiofibular synostosis and partial bridging do not affect ankle joint movements.

Single-trial movement intention detection estimation in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a movement-related cortical potential study

Objectives. Parkinson patients often suffer from motor impairments such as tremor and freezing of movement that can be difficult to treat. To unfreeze movement, it has been suggested to provide sensory stimuli. To avoid constant stimulation, episodes with freezing of movement needs to be detected which is a challenge. This can potentially be obtained using a brain–computer interface (BCI) based on movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) that are observed in association with the intention to move. The objective in this study was to detect MRCPs from single-trial EEG. Approach. Nine Parkinson patients executed 100 wrist movements and 100 ankle movements while continuous EEG and EMG were recorded. The experiment was repeated in two sessions on separate days. Using temporal, spectral and template matching features, a random forest (RF), linear discriminant analysis, and k-nearest neighbours (kNN) classifier were constructed in offline analysis to discriminate between epochs containing movement-related or idle brain activity to provide an estimation of the performance of a BCI. Three classification scenarios were tested: 1) within-session (using training and testing data from the same session and participant), between-session (using data from the same participant from session one for training and session two for testing), and across-participant (using data from all participants except one for training and testing on the remaining participant). Main results. The within-session classification scenario was associated with the highest classification accuracies which were in the range of 88%–89% with a similar performance across sessions. The performance dropped to 69%–75% and 70%–75% for the between-session and across-participant classification scenario, respectively. The highest classification accuracies were obtained for the RF and kNN classifiers. Significance. The results indicate that it is possible to detect movement intentions in individuals with Parkinson’s disease such that they can operate a BCI which may control the delivery of sensory stimuli to unfreeze movement.