Ankle Dorsiflexion Range Of Motion Research Articles

Differences of simulated ankle dorsiflexion limitation on lower extremity biomechanics during long jump takeoff.

The long jump is an athletic event that demands speed, power, force application, and balance, with each phase being critical to overall performance. However, previous research has neglected the limiting effect of the wedge pedals on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion. This cross-sectional study investigated biomechanical changes in the lower extremities during long jumps under varying degrees of ankle dorsiflexion. Thirty male Division II long jump athletes executed jumps under three conditions: no dorsiflexion, with 10° dorsiflexion restriction, and with 20° dorsiflexion restriction. A Vicon motion capture system with eight cameras and an AMTI force platform were used to collect biomechanical data simultaneously during the long jump. The angles, moments, and velocities of the ankle, hip, and knee joints during takeoff were simulated and calculated using a musculoskeletal model. Between-group variations were assessed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA, with statistical parametric mapping (SPM1D) applied for analysis. Results showed that as ankle restriction increased, vertical velocity gain increased: NW (3.34±0.21m/s), 10W (3.65±0.14m/s), and 20W (3.77±0.12m/s) (p<0.001). Horizontal velocity loss was significantly higher only at 20W (p=0.002). Peak extension angle, angular velocity, and power were highest at 10W for the knee and hip joints (p<0.05). Joint forces at the ankle, knee, and hip were significantly affected by different pedal angles (p<0.001). Athletes with a 10° ankle dorsiflexion limit showed increased vertical velocity with minimal horizontal velocity loss, potentially enhancing performance. This limit also increased muscle co-activation around the knee, possibly stabilizing it. Athletes should consider a 10° ankle dorsiflexion limit in training to improve performance and reduce injury risk.

A Scoping Review of Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy-Related Gait Abnormalities in Children With Cancer.

Using extensive database and manual literature reviews, 3 relevant studies were identified that assessed CIPN-related gait changes in children. Though each study used different methods to analyze gait patterns, decreased ankle dorsiflexion with slower and shorter gait were common findings across the studies. Changes to ankle dorsiflexion range of motion can lead to slower walking speeds and compensatory changes that can cause developmental effects on a child's gait. Relevant research on the topic of CIPN-related gait abnormalities in children with cancer identifies knowledge gaps and the need for more studies on the effects of CIPN on children.

Elucidation of The Effect of Flossing on Improving Joint Range of Motion

Flossing has been hypothesized to improve joint range of motion (flexibility), potentially through enhanced fascial gliding, although this mechanism remains speculative. This study aimed to clarify the effect of flossing, a new type of myofascial release, on joint range of motion by focusing on tissue gliding properties. This study involved 14 healthy participants (aged 18-25 years) who performed two types of active exercises with floss bands wrapped around their lower legs. As a control, the participants performed the same active exercises on different days without floss bands. Measurements taken before and after the intervention included ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, ankle plantar flexion maximum voluntary contraction, medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle thickness using ultrasound, and fascial hardness at five locations according to depth. Lower leg flossing significantly increased ankle dorsiflexion range of motion by 28.3 ± 19.9% (control: 14.6 ± 12.4%, P = 0.04, d = 0.83). No significant changes were observed in maximum voluntary plantar flexion contraction or overall muscle and fascial hardness. However, the rate of change in hardness showed a trend toward reduction in the superficial fascia and the upper and middle gastrocnemius muscles, with the upper gastrocnemius muscle exhibiting a statistically significant decrease in hardness (P = 0.05). Flossing showed trends toward reducing superficial muscle and fascial hardness, particularly in the superficial fascia and the upper gastrocnemius muscle, although not all changes were statistically significant. This suggests that potential improvements in intertissue gliding around the fascia could contribute to an increased range of motion.

Immediate Effects of Uphill Treadmill Walking Exercise on Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion and Torque in Patients With Limited Ankle Dorsiflexion

Immediate Effects of Uphill Treadmill Walking Exercise on Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion and Torque in Patients With Limited Ankle Dorsiflexion

Is there a correlation among landing stability, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, and ankle stiffness during single-leg landing?

BackgroundEven though both landing stability and ankle dorsiflexion stiffness (ankle DR-stiffness) have been independently identified as risk factors associated with non-contact injuries, no study has specifically investigated the relationship between these two variables.MethodsTwenty male recreational athletes volunteered to participate in this study. Their ankle DF-ROM based on the weight-bearing lunge test, and landing stability based on the dynamic postural stability index (DPSI) and time to stabilization (TTS) were evaluated during a single-leg landing (SLL).ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference among ankle DF-ROM, ankle DF-stiffness, DPSI, and TTS during the SLL task (p > .05). Although a moderately positive relationship was observed between ankle DF-ROM and ankle DF-stiffness (p = .177; r = .354 [95% CI, -.153 to .653]) and a moderately negative relationship between ankle DF-ROM and TTS (p = .163; r = -.375 [95% CI, -.598 to .098]), these were not statistically significant.ConclusionThe findings indicate that ankle DF-stiffness as an independent variable, does not significantly affect landing stability based on the TTS and DPSI indexes. However, its interaction with other variables, such as sex, age, and the nature of the movement task, may influence landing stability. This study area warrants further research.

Acute effects of static stretching on postural control during a maximum forward-leaning task in young and older adults

Background Static stretching (SS) is effective in increasing flexibility and neuromuscular function, leading to changes in postural control. Objective This study aimed to examine the acute effects of SS on ankle plantar flexors and dynamic postural control during a maximum forward-leaning task in young and older adults. Methods Twenty-eight university students and 22 community-dwelling older adults were included in this study. The participants performed 5 sets of 1-min SS for the ankle plantar flexors of both legs with standing on a stretching board. Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) and center of pressure (COP) during the maximum forward-leaning task, the COP area, and the anterior limit of stability were assessed before and after SS. Results SS increased ankle dorsiflexion ROM, COP velocity, and anterior limit of stability, whereas changes in the COP area were not significant after SS. Furthermore, there were no differences in the changes in postural control between young and older adults, whereas ROM increase was greater in older adults than in young adults. Conclusions These findings suggest that SS can improve postural control and can serve as a simple, low-risk intervention to reduce the risk of falls in older, at-risk adult populations.

Determinants of Maximal Dorsiflexion Range of Motion: Multi-Perspective Comparison Using Mechanical, Neural, Morphological, and Muscle Quality Factors.

Background/Objectives: the purpose of this study was to determine the contributions of mechanical, neural, morphological, and muscle quality factors on individual differences in the maximal ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM). Methods: A sample of 41 university students performed passive-dorsiflexion and morphological measurements. In the passive-dorsiflexion measurement, while the ankle was passively dorsiflexed, maximal dorsiflexion ROM was measured in addition to passive torque at a given angle and muscle-tendon junction (MTJ) displacement during the last 13° as mechanical factors, and stretch tolerance and muscle activation were measured as neural factors. In morphological measurements, the cross-sectional area, muscle thickness, muscle fascicle length, and pennation angle were measured. In addition, the echo intensity was evaluated as muscle quality. Subjects were divided into three groups (flexible, moderate, and tight) using the value of the maximal dorsiflexion ROM. Results: Maximal dorsiflexion ROM and stretch tolerance were greater in the flexible group than those in the moderate and tight groups. MTJ displacement was smaller in the flexible group than those in the moderate and tight groups. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that stretch tolerance and passive torque at a given angle were selected as parameters to explain the maximal dorsiflexion ROM (adjusted R2 = 0.83). Conclusions: these results indicate that individual differences in maximal ankle dorsiflexion ROM are primarily related to mechanical and neural factors.

Immediate Effects of Calf Tissue Flossing on Ankle Joint Torque and Dorsiflexion Range of Motion in Healthy Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.

Tissue flossing involves wrapping a rubber band around a muscle group for a few minutes while performing joint motion, enhancing ankle joint torque and range of motion. As limited ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and plantar flexion muscle weakness are risk factors for sports injury, assessing the therapeutic effects of tissue flossing is important. This study aimed to evaluate the immediate effects of calf tissue flossing on enhancing ankle joint torque and dorsiflexion range of motion. We conducted a randomized controlled crossover trial involving 19 healthy adult males who received two interventions (low and high-pressure tissue flossing bands) and a control condition (underwrap). Each intervention was applied for 2 minutes on the non-dominant calf, with 5-10 days between sessions. A pressure sensor placed on the posterior calf monitored the wrapping compression force. The intervention exercise comprised six voluntary isometric contractions of the ankle at three angles (20° plantar flexion, neutral 0°, and 10° dorsiflexion) for 3 seconds each using a dynamometer. The maximal isometric ankle plantar flexion torque and dorsiflexion range of motion were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. Significant interactions were observed in ankle plantar flexion torque at 10° dorsiflexion (p < 0.01) but not at 0° or 20° plantar flexion. The low- and high-pressure bands significantly enhanced ankle plantar flexion torque by 4.3 Nm (effect size [ES]: 0.14, p = 0.02) and 4.9 Nm (ES: 0.15, p < 0.05), respectively, and also enhanced the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion by 1.7° (ES: 0.43, p < 0.01) and 1.3° (ES: 0.35, p = 0.02), respectively, compared to the control. The low- and high-pressure band conditions had comparable effects on torque and range of motion. A few minutes of the calf tissue flossing intervention significantly enhanced ankle plantar flexion torque and dorsiflexion range of motion, although the effect sizes were trivial to small.

The effectiveness of foam rolling with and without vibration and static stretching on range of motion, muscle strength and proprioception of the ankle joint in adults with chronic ankle instability

BackgroundPeople with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have insufficient ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) and decreases proprioception and muscle strength. Foam roller with and without vibration as a warm-up intervention may have benefits for healthy populations, but the effect on applied to injured individuals is still lacking, especially in CAI. Therefore, we aimed to compare the acute effects of three warm-up interventions, including vibration foam rolling (VR), foam rolling (FR), and static stretching (SS) in adults with CAI. MethodsThis study was a randomized, counterbalanced crossover trial. Eligible sixteen adults with CAI received all three interventions (VR, FR, and SS) in unilateral CAI leg in a randomized order. Each intervention included 6 sets, 30 s each, targeting the ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors, with a 30-s rest time in between. Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM), muscle strength, and ankle proprioception were measured before and immediately after each intervention. ResultsVR significantly improved ankle DFROM and muscle strength by over 30% compared to the pre-intervention, whereas FR improved DFROM by 23.68%, and SS did not improve DFROM. Additionally, VR was more significantly effective than SS in improving ankle DFROM and maximal strength. The ankle joint repositioning error angle did not have significantly different. ConclusionsOur results suggest that VR and FR interventions may be incorporated into warm-ups for adults with CAI to improve ankle DFROM. Furthermore, VR offers additional benefits in increasing muscle strength, especially compared to SS.

Investigating the Effects of Intrinsic Foot Muscle Exercises on Dynamic Balance after Sub-Acute Ankle Sprain

Introduction: This study compares the efficacy of routine treatment plus short foot exercises (SFE) with routine treatment alone on dynamic balance and pain in subjects with sub-acute ankle sprain. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 patients (18-45 years old) with primary ankle sprain were randomly enrolled into the control group performing routine treatment alone or the SFE group performing routine treatment plus SFE. The dynamic balance was assessed using the star excursion balance test. Pain and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion were assessed using the numeric pain rating scale and a goniometer. The outcomes were evaluated at the baseline and after the end of treatment. The groups were compared using the one-way analysis of variance/analysis of covariance test. The effect sizes also were calculated to determine the efficacy of the SFE. Results: Dynamic balance in the SFE group had a significant increase in the anterior, lateral, medial, and anteromedial directions compared to the control group (P=0.001, P=0.002, P=0.014, P=0.0001). No significant differences were observed between the groups in other directions of the star excursion balance test (P&gt;0.05). Additionally, pain intensity was lower significantly in the SFE group than in the control group (P=0.0001). In the SFE group ankle dorsiflexion range was significantly more than the control group (P=0.025). The effect sizes also showed a high efficacy favoring SFE. Conclusion: The combination of routine treatment and SFE can be an effective intervention for managing ankle sprain.

The impact of protocol designs for using massage guns on lower body flexibility: A randomised cross-over design study

IntroductionCurrent protocols for delivering percussive therapy (PT) using massage guns are heterogeneous creating a need to establish the impact of study design on physiological measures. This cross-over design study aimed to determine the most effective protocol, among the eight protocols examined, on lower body flexibility, and to support the provision of protocol validation for future research. MethodRecreationally active healthy adults (n = 35) undertook two main protocols; three sessions per week at 2100 rpm or increasing the speed from session-to-session: 1750 to 2100–2400 rpm. PT was applied for 60 s to each of the quadriceps, gluteals, hamstrings and calves of both legs. Paired-samples t-tests assessed pre- and post-intervention data for hip flexion and ankle dorsi-flexion range of motion (ROM). These were collected in all sessions using a digital goniometer allowing changes for eight different protocols to be examined. ResultsResults showed the most effective protocol, among the eight protocols examined, for achieving significant gains in lower body flexibility is applying massage gun PT three times a week with increased speeds across sessions (1750–2100–2400 rpm), with average increases for the combined dominant and non-dominant legs of 5.8% for hip flexion and 5.6% ankle dorsiflexion. ConclusionsPractitioners and the public using this protocol could target specific improvements in hip flexion and ankle dorsi-flexion ROM and researchers may wish to adopt this protocol to allow homogenous analysis across study populations in future research.

Comprehensive corrective exercise program improves ankle function in female athletes with limited weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion: A randomized controlled trial.

Limited ankle dorsiflexion range of motion is one of the most important risk factors for lower limb injury, which changes the biomechanics and the neuromuscular control of the lower limb muscles. This study aims to test the effectiveness of a comprehensive corrective exercise program (CCEP) on the range of motion, proprioception, dynamic balance, and muscle activation in female athletes with limited weight-bearing lunge ankle dorsiflexion range of motion. 30 female athletes aged 15 to 25 years with dorsiflexion under 34° were randomized to two groups. The intervention group (n = 15) received eight weeks of CCEP including soft tissue mobilization, joint mobilization, stretching, and strengthening, and the control (n = 15) group did not receive any intervention. range of motion, proprioception, dynamic balance, and muscle activation were assessed before and after the intervention. The training group showed clinically acceptable and statistically significant changes in ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ES = 0.714), balance (ES = 0.423), and proprioception (ES = 0.253; P < 0.05). There were significant changes in the activity of the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles in the dynamic overhead squat test (descending and ascending phases) and the activity of the medial gastrocnemius in the descending phase decreased significantly (P < 0.05). No significant change was observed in the activity of the peroneus longus muscle (P > 0.05). The findings show that CCEP appears to be beneficial in increasing dorsiflexion range of motion, proprioception, balance, and decreasing ankle muscle activity among individuals with limited ankle dorsiflexion. Improving the dorsiflexion range of motion may be promising for reducing ankle sprain injury.

VR-Aided Ankle Rehabilitation Decision-Making Based on Convolutional Gated Recurrent Neural Network.

Traditional rehabilitation training for stroke patients with ankle joint issues typically relies on the expertise of physicians. However, when confronted with complex challenges, such as online decision-making or assessing rehabilitation progress, even seasoned experts may not anticipate all potential hurdles. A novel approach is necessary-one that effectively addresses these complexities without solely leaning on expert experience. Previous studies have introduced a rehabilitation assessment method based on fuzzy neural networks. This paper proposes a novel approach, which is a VR-aided ankle rehabilitation decision-making model based on a convolutional gated recurrent neural network. This model takes various inputs, including ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, angular velocity, jerk, and motion performance scores, gathered from wearable motion inertial sensors during virtual reality rehabilitation. To overcome the challenge of limited data, data augmentation techniques are employed. This allows for the simulation of five stages of rehabilitation based on the Brunnstrom staging scale, providing tailored control parameters for virtual training scenarios suited to patients at different stages of recovery. Experiments comparing the classification performance of convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks were conducted. The results were compelling: the optimized convolutional gated recurrent neural network outperformed both alternatives, boasting an average accuracy of 99.16% and a Macro-F1 score of 0.9786. Importantly, it demonstrated a strong correlation (correlation coefficient r > 0.9) with the assessments made by clinical rehabilitation experts, showing its effectiveness in real-world applications.

Relationship Between the Amount of Change in Echo Intensity and Young's Modulus of the Soleus Muscle After Ankle Fracture Surgery.

We aimed to clarify the relationship between the changes in echo intensity (EI) and Young's modulus of the soleus (SOL) muscle after ankle fracture surgery. Sixteen participants after ankle fracture surgery participated in this study (mean age: 46.8 ± 21.4 years). At three and five months after surgery, ankle range of motion (ROM), ankle strength, SOL muscle EI, and Young's modulus were measured, and changes in values were calculated. The EI was measured using the B-mode and ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD), and Young's modulus was measured using shear wave elastography (SWE). The EI values corrected for subcutaneous fat thickness were calculated. Correlation and simple regression analysis were used to clarify the relationship between the amount of change in EI, the amount of change in Young's modulus, and the amount of change in ankle ROM. Simple regression analysis showed that the amount of change in EI influenced the amount of change in Young's modulus of the SOL muscle (r = 0.623; p = 0.010) and the amount of change in ankle dorsiflexion ROM with the knee flexed (r = -0.702; p = 0.002). The change in EI of the SOL muscle affected the change in Young's modulus after ankle fracture surgery. Clinically, changes in the EI may reflect changes in muscle stiffness.

Y-Balance Test after ACL Reconstruction: The relationship with knee and hip muscle strength, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and postural stability

BackgroundY-Balance Test (YBT) assesses postural stability. When is applied to patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), it is not clear which variables influence its result. ObjectiveTo connect YBT and postural stability, quadriceps, hamstring, and gluteus complex muscle strength, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ADFROM). Study designCross-sectional. MethodsFifty-nine participants (52 males and 7 females) with ACLR ≥6 months were evaluated. YBT anterior, posterolateral, posteromedial, and composite, isokinetic peak torque of the knee, strength of the gluteal complex with Hip Stability Isometric Test, ADFROM with Weight-Bearing Lunge Test, postural stability with Stability Index of Biodex Balance System® were applied. ResultsIn the ACLR limb, the multivariate regression linear models pointed out an association between the quadriceps muscle strength and ADFRM with anterior, posteromedial and composite reaches (R2 = 0.30; 0.23; 0.26). Hamstring muscle strength and ADFRM with posterolateral (R2 = 0.13). In the uninjured limb, overall stability index and ADFRM with anterior reach (R2 = 0.25), strength of gluteal complex with posteromedial (R2 = 0.31), hamstring muscle strength, Overall and lateromedial stability indexes with posterolateral (R2 = 0.20), hamstring muscle strength, Overall stability index, ADFRM and strength of gluteal complex with composite (R2 = 0.32). ConclusionsThe quadriceps muscle strength and ADFRM are important variables for YBT performance in the ACLR limb. In the uninjured limb, ADFROM, the strength of the gluteal complex and hamstring, overall and lateromedial stability indexes are associated with YBT performance. We question the utility of the YBT to measure postural stability given the lack of association with other postural stability measures.

Predictors of Gait Variability in Older Inpatients: An Exploratory Study Among Orthopedic Patients.

Aim Older inpatients have reduced physical function and walking ability with a higher risk of falls after being discharged home. Gait variability can assess ambulation and is strongly related to the risk of falls. However, the clinical factors affecting gait variability in inpatients have not been identified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive factors affecting gait variability in older inpatients. Methods A total of 42 older orthopedic inpatients with fractures of the hip, spine, and other segments and 18 healthy volunteers as the control group were enrolled in this study. Inpatients wore tri-axial accelerometers for a 10m walk before discharge. Gait variability was assessed by the coefficient of variation (CV) based on five consecutive stride times. Clinical assessment of muscle strength, joint mobility, balance, pain, and activities of daily living were also evaluated. Results The CV in inpatients was higher than that in healthy elderly. Quadriceps muscle strength, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, and balance described the CV. When model 2 (adjusted R2 = 0.473) was compared with model 1 (adjusted R2 = 0.293), the quadriceps muscle strength and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion had a major effect on CV, while balance had not a greater influence than these two factors when compared with model 3 (adjusted R2 = 0.537). Conclusions Poor knee extension strength, balance, and restriction of ankle dorsiflexion mobility have influenced gait variability in older inpatients.

Potential financial loss and risk factors for hamstring muscle injuries in elite male Brazilian soccer players: a season-long prospective cohort pilot study.

The aim of this pilot study was to analyze the potential financial loss and a range of potential risk factors for hamstring muscle injuries in elite Brazilian soccer. Thirty-four male players (age: 25 ± 6 years; stature: 180 ± 8 cm; body mass: 78 ± 9 kg; minutes played in matches: 2243 ± 1423 min) from an elite professional soccer club were monitored during a 12-month season. Muscle injury was identified by magnetic resonance imaging and the severity was defined according to the number of days away: minimal (1-3 days), mild (4-7 days), moderate (8-28 days), severe (>28 days). Potential financial loss due to the team's under achievements was determined. Dorsiflexion range of motion, eccentric knee flexor strength and isokinetic tests were performed during the pre-season. Association between dependent variables and the occurrence of injury was evaluated. Nine hamstring muscle injuries with moderate severity were found in 8 athletes. Recovery time was 22 days off the field on average. Potential financial loss was $-43.2 million USD and earnings on merit money was 21%. Previous injury, increased flexor deficit 60° /sec and increased flexor fatigue index 300°/sec were all associated with a greater chance of hamstring muscle injury. Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion was significantly lower in the injured group (35.6 ± 3° vs. 39.1 ± 4.9°; p = 0.017, effect size = -0.74). High financial burden was found in elite Brazilian soccer during one full season. Injured athletes had high hamstring fatigue index, knee flexor strength deficit, ankle range of motion restriction and previous hamstring muscle injury when compared to non-injured athletes. Therefore, preventive approaches in professional soccer players with previous hamstring injuries should be a priority.

Acute effects of the short-foot exercise in runners with medial tibial stress syndrome: A quasi-experimental study

ObjectivesAnalyze whether there are immediate changes in peak soleus activation and peak hindfoot eversion after short-foot exercise (SFE) in runners with medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS). Secondarily, establish differences in peak soleus activation and peak hindfoot eversion between asymptomatic individuals and those presenting MTSS. DesignQuasi-experimental study. SettingUniversity Laboratory. ParticipantsThirty-two runners participated: 16 with MTSS and 16 in the no-pain group (NPG). Main outcome measuresSoleus activation was measured using electromyography, and hindfoot eversion via 3D kinematic analysis. Participants performed SFE, and running data were collected at 9,12 and 15 km/h pre- and post-intervention. ResultsSFE reduced peak soleus activation at 9 (p = 0.017) and 15 km/h (p = 0.019) for the MTSS group and at 15 km/h (p < 0.001) for the NPG, suggesting improved neuromuscular efficiency and potentially reduced tibial stress. SFE did not significantly affect peak hindfoot eversion. Significant correlations were found between ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and muscle activation (r = 0.585 to 0.849, p < 0.05). These findings suggest SFE could improve neuromuscular efficiency and reduce tibial stress, and highlights ankle flexibility's role in muscle activation. ConclusionsSFE significantly reduces soleus activation, potentially improving neuromuscular efficiency and decreasing tibial stress.

The relationship between lower extremity range of motion and dynamic balance

&lt;p&gt;目的：本研究欲探討，青少年運動員下肢關節活動度與動態平衡表現的相關性，以及兩者在測量表現上的差異。方法：招募 20 名國高中男性運動員，測量下肢髖關節及踝關節活動度、改良版星狀偏移平衡測試 (modified star excursion balance test, mSEBT) 和 Y 字平衡測試 (Y balance test, YBT)。以皮爾森積差相關係數，比較慣用腳 mSEBT、YBT 與下肢關節活動度之相關性。透過多元迴歸分析，分析下肢關節活動度對 mSEBT 和 YBT 的預測性，以成對樣本 t 檢定比較 mSEBT 和 YBT 之差異。結果：mSEBT 與踝背屈、髖外展和髖外轉活動度呈顯著正相關，前側以踝背屈活動度解釋力最大 (R2 ＝ .506)，後內側 (R2 ＝ .544) 和後外側 (R2 ＝ .399) 以髖外轉活動度解釋力最大。YBT 前側與踝背屈活動度 (r ＝ .519，p &lt; .05)；YBT後外側與髖外轉活動度 (r ＝ .561，p &lt; .05)；YBT後內側與髖外展活動度 (r ＝ .558，p &lt; .05) 呈顯著正相關。mSEBT 和 YBT 在 3 個方向上皆有中至高度相關 (r = .473 - .736，p &lt; .05)，測量距離在前側、後外側和總分達顯著差異。結論：mSEBT 受多關節活動度影響，而 YBT 僅和單一關節活動度有關。mSEBT 和 YBT 雖有中至高度相關，但測量距離表現上並不相同。日後實驗設計及臨床應用上，應考量測試之差異，針對受試者的動態平衡能力，選擇適合的評估方法。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Purpose: To examine the relationships of lower extremity range of motion (ROM), modified star excursion balance test (mSEBT) and Y balance test (YBT) and to compare the differences between mSEBT and YBT. Methods: Twenty adolescent high school male athletes were recruited to measure hip ROM, ankle ROM, mSEBT, and YBT. Pearson&amp;rsquo;s product-moment correlation coefficient were used to analyze the relationship between lower extremity ROM and dynamic balance. Multiple regression analysis were used to determine the predictors in explaining the variance to dynamic balance outcomes. Paired t test was used to compare the differences between mSEBT and YBT. Results: mSEBT was significantly correlated with ankle dorsiflexion, hip abduction and hip external rotation ROM. Ankle dorsiflexion ROM was the strongest predictor for anterior direction (R2 ＝ .506). Hip external rotation ROM was the strongest predictor for posteromedial direction (R2 ＝ .544) and posterolateral direction (R2 ＝ .399). Anterior YBT was correlated with ankle dorsiflexion ROM (r ＝ .519, p &lt; .05). Posterolateral YBT was correlated with hip external rotation ROM (r ＝ .561, p &lt; .05), and posteromedial YBT was correlated with hip abduction ROM (r ＝ .558, p &lt; .05). There were significant correlations in all three directions between mSEBT and YBT (r = .473 - .736, p &lt; .05). Conclusion: There were significant differences in anterior, posterolateral and composite performance between YBT and mSEBT. mSEBT performance was affected by multi-joint ROM and YBT performance was affected by single-joint ROM. Even though mSEBT and YBT were highly correlated, the absolutely reach distances are different. Future works should consider the differences between two dynamic balance measures and select the proper tool while examining dynamic balance in different sports.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

Uphill Treadmill Running and Joint Mobilization Improve Dynamic Stability and Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion in Young Adults With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Four-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of uphill running and the combined effect of uphill running plus joint mobilizations on dynamic stability and ankle dorsiflexion in young adults with chronic ankle instability (CAI). DesignFour-arm randomized controlled trial. SettingA college rehabilitation center. ParticipantsIndividuals with CAI (N=73). InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned to 4 groups: combined uphill running and joint mobilization (URJM), uphill running alone (UR), joint mobilization alone (JM), and control group. The URJM and UR groups received 20-minute running sessions, and the URJM and JM groups received ankle joint mobilizations, all 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Main Outcome MeasuresCumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) and Y-balance test (YBT) in anterior, posteromedial (PM), and posterolateral (PL) directions for dynamic stability; weight-bearing lunge test and non-weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion degree using a goniometer (NWBG) for dorsiflexion. ResultsThe UR group showed significant improvements in CAIT, YBT-PL, YBT-PM, and NWBG compared to the control group. The URJM group demonstrated large treatment effects in NWBG compared to both UR and JM groups. Responder analysis indicated that the UR, JM, and URJM groups had a higher likelihood of achieving clinically significant changes (exceeding minimal detectable change or minimal clinically important difference) in CAIT, YBT-PM, YBT-PL, and NWBG compared with the control group. Additionally, the combination of UR and JM was superior to either intervention alone for NWBG, with success rates 1.55 times greater than UR alone and 2.08 times greater than JM alone. ConclusionsA 4-week UR program improves the subjective feeling of instability, dynamic postural control, and ankle dorsiflexion in young adults with CAI. Compared to UR or JM alone, their combined application can better improve the non-weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion range of motion.