Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory Research Articles

Examination of psycho-motor development of children who were 6–36 months in the COVID-19 stay-at-home period

This study aims to examine the pandemic's effect on the psycho-motor development of children aged 6–36 months during the Covid 19 pandemic period and now aged 2–5 years. This study was cross-sectional and children (n = 150) aged 2–5 years were included in the study. Data were collected using the Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory (ADSI) in 2022. The proportion of children included in the study who have general development, language-cognitive, fine motor, gross motor, and social skill-self-care development levels at a delay-suspiciously were 25.4%, 18.0%, 58.7%, 22.0%, and 25.3%, respectively. Children's overall development and specific areas of development are more positively affected by the younger age of the child. Additionally, shorter pregnancies, earlier pregnancies, and father involvement in childcare all have positive effects on child development. During the pandemic period, the fact that older children stay at home has further negatively affected their development. Fine motor development was most negatively affected.

The net impact of clinical seizures on outcome characteristics in infants with neonatal encephalopathies at 12 months of age

PurposeTo assess the impact of clinical neonatal seizures on outcome characteristics of preterm and term newborns with neonatal encephalopathy (NE). MethodsWe designed a prospective comparative study with 53 babies (preterm neonates: 26 and term neonates: 27) with NE: group 1 (preterm neonates with seizures, n = 13), group 2 (preterm neonates without seizures, n = 13), group 3 (term neonates with seizures, n = 13) and group 4 (term neonates without seizures, n = 14). The functional outcome characteristics of the survivors were assessed by the Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory (ADSI) and the Guide for Monitoring Child Development (GMCD) at 12 months of age. ResultsClinically defined acute symptomatic seizures were diagnosed with prompt conventional EEG / amplitude-integrated EEG in preterm (92.3%) and term neonates (81.4%) with etiology-specific diagnoses of NE. There were no differences between the study groups regarding seizure semiology and EEG characteristics. A primary adverse outcome was defined in 22 (41.5%) of the cohort. However, only 15.3% of infants had an unfavorable functional outcome with ADSI at 12 months. Among the survivors, there was no significant difference between the study groups regarding ADSI scores. The GMDC test revealed normal development in 50% of survivors with seizures in the preterm group and 83% in the term group. ConclusionThere was no significant difference between the characteristics of functional outcomes at 12 months in preterm and term neonates with NE for clinical seizures.

The Effects of Technological Devices-Internet Use on Language Development of Children aged 0-3

Bu çalışmada 8-36 ay aralığında olan ve tipik gelişim gösteren çocukların erken dönem dil gelişimini; çeşitli dil bileşenleri çerçevesinde ölçmek, teknoloji ile bağlantısını karşılaştırmak, değerlendirmek ve yorumlamak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcı grubunu 8-36 ay aralığında tipik gelişim gösteren 52 çocuk katılımcı ve ebeveyn/bakıcı konumundaki 52 yetişkin oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları olarak Katılımcı Bilgi Formu, Teknolojik Aletler ve İnternet Kullanımı Anket Formu, Türkçe İletişim Gelişimi Envanteri (TİGE 1-2) ve Ankara Gelişim Tarama Envanteri (AGTE) kullanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler SPSS-26 paket programına aktarıldıktan sonra verilerin yüzde/frekans değerleri hesaplanmış, gruplar arası farklılıkları ve değişkenler arası ilişkileri ölçmek amacı ile çeşitli istatistiksel analizler yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, 8-36 ay aralığındaki çocuklardan %86,5’inin en az bir teknolojik alet kullandığı bulgulanmıştır. Çocuğun tablet, akıllı telefon, televizyon ve internet kullanıp kullanmaması ile AGTE ve TİGE puanları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır. Araştırmaya katılan ebeveynin okuma alışkanlığına sahip olması ile çocuğuyla kitap okuma etkinliği gerçekleştirmesi arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur.

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE GREENSPAN SOCIAL EMOTIONAL GROWTH CHART (GSEGC) FOR INFANTS AGED 24-30 MONTHS

This study aimed to conduct the Turkish adaptation of the GSEGC (Greenspan Social Emotional Growth Chart) for 24-30 month-old infants and assess its’ validity-reliability. GSEGC was developed by Greenspan (2004) as a screening tool for 0-42 months aged children in order to inspect the social-emotional functions. The sample consisted of 240 mothers who were residing in city center of Kayseri and had 24–30 months old children. Regarding the validity studies of the assessment tool, the language validity was checked, content validity was carried out by submitting it to the opinion of seven experts. In order to test the difference between the scores obtained from the assessment tool in the month ranges within the scope of construct validity, the infants were divided into groups of; 24-25, 26-27, 28-30 months. Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory was used for criterion validity. The analysis revealed significant difference in months. In order to assess whether or not the assessment tool yielded consistent time-dependent results, the tool was administered to 28 children again with 1.5-2 weeks interval and statistically significant, positive correlation was found. It has been concluded that the GSEGC is a valid-reliable assessment tool for evaluating social-emotional growth of 24-30 months aged Turkish infants.

Синдром Веста: клінічні, нейровізуалізаційні симптоми та показники розвитку

Актуальність. Синдром Веста характеризується картиною гіпсаритмії на електроенцефалографії, судомами спазмового типу і тріадою психомоторної регресії. Метою цього дослідження було визначення демографічних характеристик, клінічних та лабораторних показників, відповіді на лікування, впливу на формування нервової системи та факторів ризику, що розвинулися протягом тривалого спостереження пацієнтів із діагнозом синдрому Веста. Матеріали та методи. У дослідження були включені пацієнти, у яких був діагностований синдром Веста в період з липня 2011 року по грудень 2012 року на кафедрі дитячої неврології університету Ататюрка. З анамнезу кожного пацієнта були зібрані наступні дані. Були розглянуті показники загального та неврологічного досліджень, церебральної томографії та електроенцефалографії. Біохімічні аналізи проводилися за результатами лабораторних досліджень. Розвиток кожної дитини оцінювався за допомогою тесту для скринінгу на розвиток Denver 2, тесту для контролю та скринінгу розвитку Ankara. Результати. Співвідношення хлопчиків і дівчаток серед наших пацієнтів становило 2,28 : 1, а середній вік становив 8,62 ± 7,20 місяця (медіана: 8,0). 59 (85,51 %) пацієнтів були в симптоматичній групі й 10 (14,49 %) — у групі з ідіопатичним генезом захворювання. Найбільш частими факторами в симптоматичній групі були вроджені аномалії центральної нервової системи (45,7 %) і гіпоксично-ішемічна енцефалопатія (28,8 %). Спостерігалася вірогідна різниця між ідіопатичною та симптоматичною групами за частотою рецидивів, рентгенологічними даними та прогнозом (р = 0,035/р < 0,001/р < 0,001). Рецидив спостерігався в 43,5 % хворих. Серед пацієнтів, які отримували адренокортикотропний гормон, 83 % особи відповіли на лікування, у 17 % реєстрували резистентні судоми. Статистично значущої різниці між відповідями на лікування адренокортикотропним гормоном та іншими методами лікування не було (р = 0,093). У 46 з 55 дітей (83,6 %) була виявлена затримка розвитку. Висновки. Рання діагностика і лікування, надання належного й зручного лікування при синдромі Веста можуть чинити сприятливий вплив на прогноз залежно від етіології.

Maternal depression, anxiety, psychoticism and paranoid ideation have effects on developmental delay types of infants: A study with clinical infant-mother dyads

BackgroundDevelopmental delay in infancy includes cognitive-language delay, fine motor delay, gross motor delay, and social-self help delay. Delay in one intellectual domain frequently effects the other areas of development; therefore, determining risk factors are essential. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between maternal psychiatric symptoms and developmental delay types of infants who have not a known risk factor and are expected to show healthy development but have some behavioral and developmental problems. MethodsThe sample consisted of 79 infant–mother (26 girls, 53 boys) dyads who had been admitted to the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Gulhane Research and Training Hospital over a one year period. Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory and Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory were used. ResultsThe most frequent developmental delay types were fine motor and social -self-help delay in this sample. For all developmentally delayed infants, maternal interpersonal sensitivity, and depression scores were higher than healthy developed ones. Logistic regression analyses revealed the risk factors: Higher maternal paranoid ideation increases the language-cognitive delay; maternal hostility and anxiety increase the gross motor delay; maternal psychoticism increases the social and self-help delay, and maternal depression increases the total development delay of infants. ConclusionMaternal depression, anxiety, psychoticism, and paranoid ideation are important risk factors for infants' developmental delay types and should be addressed while evaluating infant-mother dyads in clinical practice.

Sociodemographic Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Prevalence of Comorbidity among Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability: A Cross-sectional Study

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Intellectual disability (ID) is characterized by limitations in cognitive and adaptive functioning. The aim of this study is to examine sociodemographic characteristics, perinatal and childhood risk factors, and prevalence of psychiatric and biomedical comorbidities in children with ID.Methods: 260 patients with ID were included in the study (mean age: 8.42 ± 3.59, 61% male, 75% mild ID). The Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised, and the Porteus Maze Test were used to assess the intelligence of the participants. An additional questionnaire was used to investigate their sociodemographic characteristics and birth, developmental, and medical histories.Results: Adverse perinatal/neonatal events (p < .001), biomedical comorbidities (p < .001) and seizure/convulsion history (p < .001) were strongly associated with the moderate-severe ID. The children with mild ID had more emotional-social deprivation (p = .022). Low socioeconomic situation, parental education, and teenage parenthood were risk factors for stimulus deficiency. While internalizing disorders were more common in those with mild ID and among girls, externalizing disorders were more common in those with moderate-severe ID and among boys.Conclusion: Interventions to perinatal/neonatal events may reduce the rate of moderate-severe ID. Evaluation of psychiatric and medical comorbidities and elimination of emotional-social deprivation should be fundamental components of the services offered to children with ID.

Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated With Speech and Language Delay and Disorders.

The aim of this study was to identify major risk factors and sociodemographic characteristics responsible for speech and language delay/disorders. Two hundred twenty-eight children (aged 24-72 months) with speech and language delay/disorders participated in this study. The Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory and The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test were used to assess language profiles and developmental stages of children. Low income, nonattendance in preschool education, low maternal education, having two or more siblings, later birth order (order of siblings), family history of speech and language delay/disorders, preterm birth, low birth weight, and birth complications or the need for intensive care support during neonatal period were identified as risk factors (all p < 0.005). Both sociodemographic and biologic factors were associated with speech and language delay/disorders. Awareness of these factors may provide a chance for earlier diagnosis and intervention. Identification of risk factors of these children would contribute to our knowledge in this field.

Long- and short-term effects of propranolol hydrochloride treatment on very preterm newborns

Background: While propranolol hydrochloride (PH) is being more widely used in adult patients, its administration in the neonatal period as well is progressively on the rise in our time. With the increasing use of PH in the neonatal age period, worries resulting from the potential adverse effects of the agent on vital organs, such as brain, in particular, have come to the fore. Such concerns increase even more when PH is used in treating preterm infants. Our study, aiming to clarify these increasing concerns, is the first clinical one of its kind in the literature, conducted on very preterm infants, the patient group most vulnerable to PH treatment. Aims: To investigate possible short- and long-term side effects of using PH during the neonatal period and to provide information to clinicians regarding such side effects. Study Design: Case–control study. Materials and Methods: This was a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial. In the study, we included 36 very preterm infants subjected to PH treatment (0.5 mg/kg/6 h) initiated in the first postnatal month and lasting for approximately 1 month (PH group [PHG]) and 40 very preterm infants who received distilled water in place of PH (control group [CG]). The gestational age of all infants in the study was below 31+6 weeks, and their birth weight was under 1500 g. The patients' vital functions and physical development were monitored and recorded in patient follow-up forms. At approximately 1 year of age (CG: 9.73 ± 4.56 months and PHG: 10.8 ± 5.73 months), the Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory (ADSI) and the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST-II) were used to assess the mental development of the children. Results: In the PHG patients, PH treatment was initiated at 27.0 ± 2.7 days of life and lasted for 26.5 ± 8.7 days. The newborns in the CG received distilled water for similar durations. A statistically significant difference in blood sugar levels was detected between CG (78.4 ± 12.5) and PHG (65.6 ± 7.5) (P = 0.006). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of physical and mental development (ADSI and DDST-II) of the children at the end of the study (P > 0.05). Conclusions: When used on very preterm infants, PH may have some temporary effects on the patients' vital functions in the short term; however, no serious side effects were detected that may affect the physical and mental development in the long run.

Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Glial-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Nerve Growth Factor and Neurotrophin-3 Levels in Preschool Children with Language Disorder.

Accumulating studies demonstrate that neurotrophins may play a crucial role in a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, little data are available regarding the potential role of neurotrophins in language disorder (LD). This study aimed to investigate serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3 (NTF3) levels in preschool children with LD. A total of 43 cases with LD and 43 healthy controls aged 18 to 60 months were enrolled in the study. The development levels and psychiatric symptoms of the children were determined by the Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory and Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5, respectively. Serum neurotrophin levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Serum GDNF and NGF levels were significantly higher, serum BDNF and NTF3 levels were significantly lower in the LD group than in the control group. However, with logistic regression analyses, only negative relationship of BDNF and NTF3 levels with the presence of LD remained significant after accounting for the confounders including development level and coexisting psychiatric symptoms. These results suggest that low BDNF and NTF3 levels have independent negative relationships with LD, which could be contribute to etiopathogenesis of the disorder.

Association of prenatal attachment and early childhood emotional, behavioral, and developmental characteristics: A longitudinal study.

This study examines the associations between prenatal attachment and child development, socioemotional behavioral problems, and competence at early childhood. It also inquires whether maternal depression and anxiety at the prenatal period and at early childhood are associated with child outcomes. The study consisted of 83 mothers and their children. Data regarding the prenatal attachment, depression, and anxiety were collected during Weeks 28 to 40 of gestation. When the children were 21 to 31 months old, the Brief Infant and Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) and the Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory (ADSI) were applied to children along with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) administered to mothers. Results showed that prenatal attachment scores significantly correlated with BITSEA-Competency subscale scores and ADSI total scores at early childhood, r(83)=0.246, P=.025, and r(82)=0.316, P=.004, respectively. Prenatal attachment levels were found to be the predictors of both behavioral and emotional competence and development at early childhood, b=0.081, t(83)=2.273, P=.014, and b=0.281, t(83)=3.225, P=.002, respectively. In addition, prenatal attachment was shown to be even a stronger predictor of development than was worsening maternal depression at early childhood, b=-0.319, t(83)=2.140, P=.035. Our results indicate that fostering prenatal attachment may be beneficial for better infant outcomes at early childhood.

Otistik Çocuklarda Hayali Resim Çizebilme Performansının Otizm Derecesi ve Gelişim Tarama Testleri İle İlişkili Olarak İncelenmesi

Araştırma otistik çocuklarda hayali resim çizebilme performansının otizm derecesi ve gelişim tarama testleri ile ilişkili olarak incelenmesi amacı ile tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmaya, 5-8 yaş arası toplam 17 (5 kız,12 erkek) otizm tanısı almış, Hayal ve Gerçek Ayrımı Ön Değerlendirme Çalışması’nda tüm aşamaları (sözcükleri anlama, resim çiftlerini ayırt etme ve resim tamamlama) doğru şekilde tamamlayan çocuklar alınmıştır. Otistik çocuklar gerçek ve imkânsız varlıklara dair hayali resim çizme durumu ve yaratıcı içerik puanı açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca her çocuğa gelişim tarama testleri olan Ankara Gelişim Tarama Envanteri (AGTE), Otizm Davranış Kontrol Listesi (ABC), Peabody Resim Kelime Testi ve Gesell Gelişim Testi uygulanarak, hayali resim çizme durumu ve yaratıcı içerik puanı tarama testleri skorları açısından da incelenmiştir. Bulgularımız otistik çocukların resim çiftlerinde imkânsız resmi tanımlama ve eksik resmi imkansız içerikle uyumlu şekilde tamamlamayı başarmalarına rağmen, hayali imkansız resmi var olmayan bir şeyi tasarlayıp çizme çizmede, özellikle insan figüründe büyük ölçüde başarısız olmuşlardır. Otistik çocuklarda var olmayan bir şeyi tasarlayıp çizme çizebilme performansı artan otizm derecesi ile azalmakta, gelişim tarama test skorları ile doğru orantılı olarak artmaktadır. Otistik çocukların var olmayan bir şeyi tasarlayıp çizmede yaşadıkları zorluğun hayal etme ve içsel temsil oluşturmadan ziyade, planlama ve yürütme aşamalarında ortaya çıkabileceğine ve yaratıcılık, kognitif ve dil gelişim düzeyi ve otizm derecesi ile potansiyel ilişkisine işaret etmektedir.

Emotional and behavioral problems in infants and preschool children: prevalence and sociodemographic risk factors

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of behavioral disorders and the relationship between sociodemographic, environmental and family factors among infants and preschool children applied to psychiatry clinic. Methods: The sample comprised 355 children between 20-59 months of age and showing normal developmental pattern. After psychiatric assessments, the patients were referred to the child development unit for developmental assessment, support and psychoeducation. Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory (ADSI) was applied to all participants. Results: The mean age was significantly higher among the children applied to the clinic due to limit setting problems (LSP) than that of the children applied due to the other problems. The children with speech delay were the group applied to the clinic at the earliest age. Speech delay rates were higher among boys compared with girls. Sibling jealousy was more common among girls than boys. In the group with LSP, fathers’ education levels were lower than that of the group without LSP. There was no difference between children in terms of the number of siblings, birth order and family size. Conclusion: The findings indicate that limit setting was by far the most common problem among children applied to our clinic. Consequently, the utility of results to raise intervention strategies within limit setting should be developed and intervened earlier.

Neurocognitive Functions in Infants with Malnutrition; Relation with Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Micronutrients Levels and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

PurposeMalnutrition may influence neurocognitive development in children by directly affecting the brain structural development, or indirectly by affecting the children's cognition experience. Malnutrition alters the cell numbers, cell migration, synaptogenesis, and neurotransmission due to inadequate availability of necessary micronutrients to support cell growth. We aimed to analyze neurocognitive development in infants with malnutrition and its association with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), micronutrients levels and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings.MethodsThe study included two groups; group 1, infants with malnutrition (n=24), group 2; healthy infants (n=21). Peripheral blood was obtained from the participants for studying micronutrients and LC-PUFA levels. The neurocognitive development was analyzed by the use of an Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory test. MRS were performed on all infants.ResultsAll parameters of neurocognitive development and serum calcium (9.6±0.9 mg/dL vs. 10.4±0.3 mg/dL, p<0.05) and magnesium (2.02±0.27 mg/dL vs. 2.2±0.14 mg/dL, p<0.05) levels were noted as being low in infants with marked malnutrition. No difference was found in LC-PUFA levels between healthy and malnourished infants. Thalamic choline/creatine levels were significantly high in infants with malnutrition (1.33±0.22 vs. 1.18±0.22, p<0.05). Total neurocognitive development in infants was positively correlated with serum calcium levels (p<0.05, r=0.381).ConclusionCalcium supplementation may improve neurocognitive development in malnourished infants.

Etkileşimli Öykü Kitabı Okuma Sürecinin Çocukların Dil Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi

Bu çalışmada anne babaların etkileşimli öykü okumalarının çocukların dil gelişimi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada deneysel desen kullanılmış ve araştırmaya okul öncesi eğitim kurumuna devam eden, 46-62 aylık çocuklar ve anneleri dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada çocukların dil gelişim düzeylerini belirlemek için Ankara Gelişim Tarama Envanteri ve Denver II Gelişimsel Tarama Testi’nin yanı sıra Brigance Erken Gelişim Envanteri II’nin dil gelişimi alt boyutu kullanılmıştır. Gelişim tarama testi sonuçlarında çocukların dil gelişim düzeylerinin hem ön test hem de son testlerde normal gelişim gösterdiği belirlenirken, dil gelişim testi sonuçlarına göre kontrol ve deney grubu çocukların ön test ve son test puanları arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu saptanmıştır.

Delayed Speech in Children as a Symptom; Socio-demographic Features and Accompanying Clinical Diagnosis

Delayed speech is a common clinical sign in children, and its prevalence has been determined to be 3–15%. The aim of this study was to review the clinical diagnosis of children with delayed speech who were referred to the pediatric psychiatry clinic and conduct a comparative study on the diagnostic groups in terms of their sociodemographic characteristics. The present study included 207 children at 18-60 months who had delayed speech. For each child, a sociodemographic data form and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) were completed; moreover, the Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory (ADSI) was applied to evaluate his/her general developmental and cognitive levels. In the study, 52 children (25.1%) were female and 155 (74.9%) were male. 99 (47.8%) of them were diagnosed with Language Disorders, 65 (31.4%) with Cognitive Development Delays and 43 (20.8%) with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The incidence of perinatal complication history was determined at the highest level in the Cognitive Development Delay group. The time used for electronic media was high in each diagnostic group, but highest in the autism group. When the number of languages used by the mothers is compared, the mothers in Language Disorder group use more than one language in daily life. Delayed speech is a sign that may be accompanying with several clinical diagnoses. Early diagnosis and educational support programs may contribute to the healthy development of these children.

The long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants born full-term with low birth weight.

Tosun A, Gürbüz-Özgür B, Aksu H, Kaynak-Türkmen M. The long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants born full-term with low birth weight. Turk J Pediatr 2017; 59: 169-176. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the neurological developments of pre-school or school-aged children together with their school successes, intelligence quotient and symptom severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who were born at the 37th gestational week and above with birth weights below tenth percentile, which is called small for gestational age (SGA). A total of 74 patients with SGA and 75 healthy children were evaluated. The patients were evaluated by child neurologist and child psychiatrist. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory, and The Turgay DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S) were applied according to their age groups. SGA cases had been breastfed for shorter durations (p: 0.004), had walked later (p < 0.001), talked later (p < 0.001), and had encountered more vision disorders (p: 0.009) than the control group. SGA cases were determined to encounter febrile convulsions more frequently (p: 0.007). SGA cases were determined to exhibit lower school success (p < 0.001), were diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder more frequently (p < 0.001), and their mental developments were delayed (p < 0.001). In cases with SGA, inattention (p: 0.004) and conduct disorder (p: 0.029) subscales and the total scale scores (p: 0.022) of T-DSM-IV-S were significantly lower when compared to the control group. We consider that being SGA may have a negative impact on child`s behavior, attention and academic achievement in long-term.

Long-Term Prognosis of Patients with Esophageal Atresia and/or Tracheoesophageal Fistula.

To investigate long-term prognosis of infants with esophageal atresia (EA) and/or tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). The data of patients with EA were investigated from their medical files. For the neurodevelopmental evaluation, they were requested to come for a return visit to authors' polyclinic. Intellectual development was assessed by Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory (ADSI) (for 0-6 age) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) (for 6-16 age). Of the 57 patients, 50 had EA+ distal TEF (87.7%), six had isolated EA (10.5%) and one had isolated TEF (1.8%). Of the total patients, 18 cases (31%) died and remaining 39 cases (69%) survived. In the surviving cases, the most common long-term complication was dysphagia (n=37, 94.8%). Intellectual levels of the 24 patients assessed by ADSI were normal and of the remaining 15 cases evaluated by WISC-R ranged between 95 and 110 points. The long-term complications and hospital visits are common in surviving cases of EA; however, they have normal cognitive functions and physical developmental characteristics.

PP02.1 – 2612: The clinical value of neuromediators (brain derivated neurotrophic factor, galanin, neuropeptid Y) in neonatal encephalopathy

Objective To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of neuromediators (brain derivated neurotrophic factor-BDNF, galanin and neuropeptide Y-NPY) in pretem and term neonates with neonatal encephalopathy. Methods Fifty three neonates (preterm: 26, term: 27) who had lumbar puncture for the diagnostic investigation of neonatal encephalopathy in Ege University Children's Hospital NICU were enrolled to the study. Study group were divided in to 4 groups according to their gestational ages and based on whether they had seizures or not: Group 1: preterm neonates with seizures (n=13), Group 2: preterm neonates without seizures (n=13), Group 3: term neonates with seizures (n=13), Group 4: term neonates without seizures (n=14). Control group consisted of 32 healthy newborns (preterm: 13, term: 19) who were delivered in the same time frame at Ege University Hospital Maternity Ward. Only cord blood samples were obtained from these neonates. Amplitude integrated EEG (aEEG) and conventional EEG (cEEG) were simulataneously performed for neonates in NICU. All infants Infants were followed up prospectively and were evaluated with GMCD (Guide for Monitoring Child Development) and ADSI (Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory). Overal outcome at one-year-old was divided into two groups (favorable and unfavorable). Results There were no significant relationship between serum and CSF levels of BDNF, NPY, and galanin with gestational age. Serum BDNF, NPY, and galanin levels were suppressed in the neonates with neonatal encephalopathy in NICU compared to the healthy controls. Serum BDNF, serum NPY, CSF BDNF and CSF NPY levels were increased in neonates with clinical seizures. Conclusion Increased serum and CSF levels of BDNF and NPY in preterm and term neonates with clinical seizures might be indicators for early recognition of neonatal seizures. Supressed serum and CSF levels of neuromediators might be associated with unfavorable neurological outcome of neonates with neonatal encephalopathy in NICU.

Follow-up study of children whose mothers were treated with transcranial magnetic stimulation during pregnancy: preliminary results.

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS) treatment during pregnancy on neurodevelopment of children. Women who were treated with rTMS during pregnancy and delivered liveborn children between 2008 and 2013 were selected. A control group consisted of children whose mothers had a history of untreated depression during their pregnancy (N = 26). Early developmental characteristics of all the children in the study were evaluated, and their developmental levels were determined using the Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory. The mean age of the children in the rTMS treatment group was 32.4 months (range 16-64 months), and that of the untreated group was 29.04 (range 14-63 months). Jaundice (N = 2) and febrile convulsion (N = 1) were the reported medical conditions in the children of the rTMS-treated group; jaundice (N = 3) and low birth weight (N = 1) were reported in the untreated group. In the rTMS group, mothers' perception of delay in language development was observed, but there were not any statistically significant differences in the prevalence rate compared with the untreated group (OR = 0.38; 95% CI 0.0860-1.6580). Our results suggest that rTMS exposure during pregnancy is not associated with poorer cognitive or motor development outcomes in children aged 18-62 months. Although language development as reported by the mothers was found to be poorer than expected in the rTMS-treated group, the delay was found to be similar to the language delay observed in offspring of untreated mothers, as reported in previous studies of prenatal depression treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.